神仙指标公式怎样计算汽车的耗油量

2020年10月6日发(作者：温敬铭)
College students village officer two learning experiences and 11 seriously practice education to become the primary qualified village ould be no new China without the Communist Party......berate in the ears of the revolution. When I was little I was young pioneers when every time I hear a similar sound, I'm excited, deeply impressed by those Communist revolutionary martyr spirit. In the process of growing up, experienced war ancestor master is also often told me about his story as a soldier shed their blood, let me feel the maternal grandparents the noble character of Alex as a senior party member. Little blood was determined to grow in my heart I want to be like his grandparents Alex, soldiers on TV-like, grows up to become a soldier, party members engaged in the great cause of the motherland in the future. College, after tireless efforts I glory to become a Communist Party Member, became a member of 87 million members. However, under the
washing of the passage of time and in real life, although he was a Communist Party Member, but too far up from the older party members, they have spirit, thinking, consciousness and character, and now me, or we are a young party that seems to be missing something. Now as a basic means of college students village officer, Assistant to the Secretary of the General party branch and grass- roots party members, is my party recently, when the ps on my own, or are a lot like me, thinking there are some slack, at some indifferent on the ideal and faith of young party members, is a very good chance. Because of this study, is no longer the cadres to learn a few key, but something we all 87 million Communist Party members to join, and the learning is not a short-term focus on learning, but long-term regular learning. ake this opportunity to speak I will carefully study the party Constitution and party rules, series, striving to be the qualified party members, competent college students
village officer. School-the cornerstone. Ideological building is the key to do well in everything. No ideals and beliefs, ideals and beliefs is not determined, mentally umbe more regulation out of bounds, paomaodilou problems. 18 of the party since the Party Central Committee continued to promote the party's ideological and political construction, whether the educational practice of the mass line of the party, or the -threeducation practices, are from the mental effort. As a grass-roots party members, ideologically determined is particularly important, so after work I will conscientiously abide by the party Constitution, strengthen party spirit, belief and faith, be sure to always maintain a high degree of consensus with the Party on the thoughts and actions. Party, party, party party, party party, subjected to armed socialist theory system with Chinese characteristics, guiding practice to supplement calcium, and strengthen the spirit of self-discipline of
the base, pave the way for politically. Par enhancing awareness, learn to stand on the issues, on the overall situation of the
怎样计算汽车的耗油量
2002年，我 国推出了新的汽车分类统计标准。新的汽车
分类标准将汽车分为商用车和乘用车两大类。在基本乘用车< br>类别上主要以发动机排量进行划分，比如，在基本型乘用车
型的分类中，按所装备发动机的排量共 分为1升排量以下、
1升至1．6升、1．6升至2．0升、2．0升至2．5升、2．5
升以 上等五个排量区间，对应现行的轿车分类标准大致就是
目前的微型轿车、普及型轿车、中级轿车、中高级 轿车、高
级轿车等五个类别。
一般来说，发动机的排气量和马力（功率）是成正比的，考察一辆车的气缸数以及排气量大小，大致就可以知道这辆车
的马力（功率）是否强劲，排气量越大， 马力（功率）越大。
但随着汽车技术的发展，仅仅考察排气量就不够了。并不是
排气量最大的发 动机马力（功率）最大。其根本原因在于新
技术的运用除了多气门技术外，还有电喷技术和涡轮增压技< br>术等。
电喷技术就是电子控制汽油喷射装置，电喷发动机在同样排
气量时，马力（功率 ）能要大于普通化油器发动机。

电喷分为两种，这是我们必须考察的。喷射器安装在原来化
油器位置上，称为单点电控燃油喷射装置；喷射器安装在每
个气缸的进气管上，称为多点电控燃 油喷射装置。两者除了
College students village officer two learning experiences and 11 seriously practice education to become the primary qualified village ould be no new China without the Communist Party......berate in the ears of the revolution. When I was little I was young pioneers when every time I hear a similar sound, I'm excited, deeply impressed by those Communist revolutionary martyr spirit. In the process of growing up, experienced war ancestor master is also often told me about his story as a soldier shed their blood, let me feel the maternal grandparents the noble character of Alex as a senior party member. Little blood was determined to grow in my heart I want to be like his grandparents Alex, soldiers on TV-like, grows up to become a soldier, party members engaged in the great cause of the motherland in the future. College, after tireless efforts I glory to become a Communist Party Member, became a member of 87 million members. However, under the
washing of the passage of time and in real life, although he was a Communist Party Member, but too far up from the older party members, they have spirit, thinking, consciousness and character, and now me, or we are a young party that seems to be missing something. Now as a basic means of college students village officer, Assistant to the Secretary of the General party branch and grass- roots party members, is my party recently, when the ps on my own, or are a lot like me, thinking there are some slack, at some indifferent on the ideal and faith of young party members, is a very good chance. Because of this study, is no longer the cadres to learn a few key, but something we all 87 million Communist Party members to join, and the learning is not a short-term focus on learning, but long-term regular learning. ake this opportunity to speak I will carefully study the party Constitution and party rules, series, striving to be the qualified party members, competent college students
village officer. School-the cornerstone. Ideological building is the key to do well in everything. No ideals and beliefs, ideals and beliefs is not determined, mentally umbe more regulation out of bounds, paomaodilou problems. 18 of the party since the Party Central Committee continued to promote the party's ideological and political construction, whether the educational practice of the mass line of the party, or the -threeducation practices, are from the mental effort. As a grass-roots party members, ideologically determined is particularly important, so after work I will conscientiously abide by the party Constitution, strengthen party spirit, belief and faith, be sure to always maintain a high degree of consensus with the Party on the thoughts and actions. Party, party, party party, party party, subjected to armed socialist theory system with Chinese characteristics, guiding practice to supplement calcium, and strengthen the spirit of self-discipline of
the base, pave the way for politically. Par enhancing awareness, learn to stand on the issues, on the overall situation of the
喷射器的安装位置不同外，还有使用性能和制造成本的差
异。

我们 知道，汽油发动机是依靠混合气在气缸内燃烧做功而运
转的，发动机的运行质量很大程度是由混合气的质 量决定，
混合气的形成在相当程度上又决定于燃油喷射系统的形式。
因此，采用哪一种电控燃油 喷射形式对发动机性能的影响是
很大的。

单点喷射是将喷射器设在节气门上方，只 能改善在节气门处
的雾化以及加热管壁温度提高燃油的蒸发程度，但难以保证
节气门后至进气门 的一段管壁上不形成油膜或油滴，因此进
气歧管的结构对混合气的输送和分配有重大影响，而且难以实现在所有工况下都能保持理想的混合气分配；多点喷射是
将喷射器设在进气门处，燃油在热的进气 门上进一步蒸发与
空气充分混合后立即通过进气门进入燃烧室，不受到进气歧
管结构的影响，可 以保证均匀一致的混合气分配。

单点喷射虽然在运行性能上略低于多点喷射，但其构造简< br>单，工作可靠，维护简单。这就意味着单点喷射系统可以降
低对电动燃油泵的要求，节省了成本。

College students village officer two learning experiences and 11 seriously practice education to become the primary qualified village ould be no new China without the Communist Party......berate in the ears of the revolution. When I was little I was young pioneers when every time I hear a similar sound, I'm excited, deeply impressed by those Communist revolutionary martyr spirit. In the process of growing up, experienced war ancestor master is also often told me about his story as a soldier shed their blood, let me feel the maternal grandparents the noble character of Alex as a senior party member. Little blood was determined to grow in my heart I want to be like his grandparents Alex, soldiers on TV-like, grows up to become a soldier, party members engaged in the great cause of the motherland in the future. College, after tireless efforts I glory to become a Communist Party Member, became a member of 87 million members. However, under the
washing of the passage of time and in real life, although he was a Communist Party Member, but too far up from the older party members, they have spirit, thinking, consciousness and character, and now me, or we are a young party that seems to be missing something. Now as a basic means of college students village officer, Assistant to the Secretary of the General party branch and grass- roots party members, is my party recently, when the ps on my own, or are a lot like me, thinking there are some slack, at some indifferent on the ideal and faith of young party members, is a very good chance. Because of this study, is no longer the cadres to learn a few key, but something we all 87 million Communist Party members to join, and the learning is not a short-term focus on learning, but long-term regular learning. ake this opportunity to speak I will carefully study the party Constitution and party rules, series, striving to be the qualified party members, competent college students
village officer. School-the cornerstone. Ideological building is the key to do well in everything. No ideals and beliefs, ideals and beliefs is not determined, mentally umbe more regulation out of bounds, paomaodilou problems. 18 of the party since the Party Central Committee continued to promote the party's ideological and political construction, whether the educational practice of the mass line of the party, or the -threeducation practices, are from the mental effort. As a grass-roots party members, ideologically determined is particularly important, so after work I will conscientiously abide by the party Constitution, strengthen party spirit, belief and faith, be sure to always maintain a high degree of consensus with the Party on the thoughts and actions. Party, party, party party, party party, subjected to armed socialist theory system with Chinese characteristics, guiding practice to supplement calcium, and strengthen the spirit of self-discipline of
the base, pave the way for politically. Par enhancing awareness, learn to stand on the issues, on the overall situation of the
为了保证汽车发动机的运行质量，现在大部分乘用 车发动机
电控燃油喷射系统采用多点喷射的型式，单点喷射系统一般
仅用于小型乘用车上。我们 在考察车辆技术时不仅仅知道是
不是电喷发动机，还应该搞清是单点喷射还是多点喷射。

涡轮增压器

涡轮增压器实际上是一种空气压缩机，通过压缩空气来增加
进 气量。它是利用发动机排出的废气惯性冲力来推动涡轮室
内的涡轮，涡轮又带动同轴的叶轮，叶轮压送由 空气滤清器
管道送来的空气，使之增压进入气缸。当发动机转速增快，
废气排出速度与涡轮转速 也同步增快，叶轮就压缩更多的空
气进入气缸，空气的压力和密度增大可以燃烧更多的燃料，
相 应增加燃料量和调整发动机的转速，就可以增加发动机的
输出功率了。参加竞赛的跑车或方程式赛车一般 在发动机上
装有涡轮增压器，以使汽车迸发出更大的功率。发动机是靠
燃料在气缸内燃烧来产生 功率的，输入的燃料量受到吸入气
缸内空气量的限制，所产生的功率也会受到限制，如果发动
机 的运行性能已处于最佳状态，再增加输出功率只能通过压
缩更多的空气进入气缸来增加燃料量，提高燃烧 做功能力。
在目前的技术条件下，涡轮增压器是唯一能使发动机在工作
效率不变的情况下增加输 出功率的机械装置。
College students village officer two learning experiences and 11 seriously practice education to become the primary qualified village ould be no new China without the Communist Party......berate in the ears of the revolution. When I was little I was young pioneers when every time I hear a similar sound, I'm excited, deeply impressed by those Communist revolutionary martyr spirit. In the process of growing up, experienced war ancestor master is also often told me about his story as a soldier shed their blood, let me feel the maternal grandparents the noble character of Alex as a senior party member. Little blood was determined to grow in my heart I want to be like his grandparents Alex, soldiers on TV-like, grows up to become a soldier, party members engaged in the great cause of the motherland in the future. College, after tireless efforts I glory to become a Communist Party Member, became a member of 87 million members. However, under the
washing of the passage of time and in real life, although he was a Communist Party Member, but too far up from the older party members, they have spirit, thinking, consciousness and character, and now me, or we are a young party that seems to be missing something. Now as a basic means of college students village officer, Assistant to the Secretary of the General party branch and grass- roots party members, is my party recently, when the ps on my own, or are a lot like me, thinking there are some slack, at some indifferent on the ideal and faith of young party members, is a very good chance. Because of this study, is no longer the cadres to learn a few key, but something we all 87 million Communist Party members to join, and the learning is not a short-term focus on learning, but long-term regular learning. ake this opportunity to speak I will carefully study the party Constitution and party rules, series, striving to be the qualified party members, competent college students
village officer. School-the cornerstone. Ideological building is the key to do well in everything. No ideals and beliefs, ideals and beliefs is not determined, mentally umbe more regulation out of bounds, paomaodilou problems. 18 of the party since the Party Central Committee continued to promote the party's ideological and political construction, whether the educational practice of the mass line of the party, or the -threeducation practices, are from the mental effort. As a grass-roots party members, ideologically determined is particularly important, so after work I will conscientiously abide by the party Constitution, strengthen party spirit, belief and faith, be sure to always maintain a high degree of consensus with the Party on the thoughts and actions. Party, party, party party, party party, subjected to armed socialist theory system with Chinese characteristics, guiding practice to supplement calcium, and strengthen the spirit of self-discipline of
the base, pave the way for politically. Par enhancing awareness, learn to stand on the issues, on the overall situation of the

在最近30年时间里，涡轮增压器已经 普及到许多类型的汽
车上，它弥补了一些自然吸气式发动机的先天不足，使发动
机在不改变排气 量的情况下可以提高输出功率10%

以上。因此许多汽车制造公司都采用这种增压技术来改 进发
动机的输出功率，藉以实现轿车的高性能化。
汽车的经济性指标主要由耗油量来表示，是 汽车使用性能中
重要的性能。尤其我国要实施燃油税，汽车的耗油量参数就
有特别的意义。耗油 量参数是指汽车行驶百公里消耗的燃油
量（以L为计量单位）。在我国这些指标是汽车制造厂根据
国家规定的试验标准，通过样车测试得出来的。它包括等速
百公里油耗和循环油耗。
等速百公里油耗：指在平坦硬实的路面上，汽车以最高档分
别以不同车速等速行驶这段路程，往返一 次取平均值，记录
下油耗量，即可获得不同车速下汽车的百公里耗油量。将每
个车速段的耗油量 用点连起来，就发现是一条开口向上的抛
物线，最凹点就是耗油量最低的车速段，也就是“经济车
速”。一些厂家以这个经济车速做为耗油量参数，实际上只
能做为参考值，因为一般用户是很难做得到 的。

College students village officer two learning experiences and 11 seriously practice education to become the primary qualified village ould be no new China without the Communist Party......berate in the ears of the revolution. When I was little I was young pioneers when every time I hear a similar sound, I'm excited, deeply impressed by those Communist revolutionary martyr spirit. In the process of growing up, experienced war ancestor master is also often told me about his story as a soldier shed their blood, let me feel the maternal grandparents the noble character of Alex as a senior party member. Little blood was determined to grow in my heart I want to be like his grandparents Alex, soldiers on TV-like, grows up to become a soldier, party members engaged in the great cause of the motherland in the future. College, after tireless efforts I glory to become a Communist Party Member, became a member of 87 million members. However, under the
washing of the passage of time and in real life, although he was a Communist Party Member, but too far up from the older party members, they have spirit, thinking, consciousness and character, and now me, or we are a young party that seems to be missing something. Now as a basic means of college students village officer, Assistant to the Secretary of the General party branch and grass- roots party members, is my party recently, when the ps on my own, or are a lot like me, thinking there are some slack, at some indifferent on the ideal and faith of young party members, is a very good chance. Because of this study, is no longer the cadres to learn a few key, but something we all 87 million Communist Party members to join, and the learning is not a short-term focus on learning, but long-term regular learning. ake this opportunity to speak I will carefully study the party Constitution and party rules, series, striving to be the qualified party members, competent college students
village officer. School-the cornerstone. Ideological building is the key to do well in everything. No ideals and beliefs, ideals and beliefs is not determined, mentally umbe more regulation out of bounds, paomaodilou problems. 18 of the party since the Party Central Committee continued to promote the party's ideological and political construction, whether the educational practice of the mass line of the party, or the -threeducation practices, are from the mental effort. As a grass-roots party members, ideologically determined is particularly important, so after work I will conscientiously abide by the party Constitution, strengthen party spirit, belief and faith, be sure to always maintain a high degree of consensus with the Party on the thoughts and actions. Party, party, party party, party party, subjected to armed socialist theory system with Chinese characteristics, guiding practice to supplement calcium, and strengthen the spirit of self-discipline of
the base, pave the way for politically. Par enhancing awareness, learn to stand on the issues, on the overall situation of the
循环油耗：指在一段指定的典型路段内汽车以等速 、加速和
减速等三种工况行驶时的耗油量。有些还要计入起动和怠速
等工况的耗油量，然后折算 成百公里耗油量。一般而言，循
环油耗与等速百公里油耗（指定车速）加权平均取得综合油
耗值 ，就比较客观地反映了汽车的耗油量。一些汽车技术性
能表上将循环油耗标注为“城市油耗”，而将等速 百公里油
耗标注为“等速油耗”。

欧洲车的耗油量表示方法与我国相同，数值越小 ，燃油经济
性越好。但它的耗油量测定分为三部分，分别是模拟城市内
行驶工况的“城市行驶循 环”、90公里／小时和120公里／
小时的等速行驶。因此一般欧洲车的耗油量都有这三个参
数。

美国车的耗油量表示方法刚刚相反。它是以每加仑可行驶的
英里数（mile ／gal）或每升可行驶的公里数（km／l）来表
示。数值越大，燃油经济性越好。（1加仑=4.5 46升、1英
里=1.6公里）当然，在中国销售的美国产车，其耗油量的标
注也要“入乡随俗 ”了。一般来说，汽车的动力与油耗成正
比。马力越大，油耗越高。但随着汽车技术的发展，许多动力强劲的车辆，油耗却比同类动力的发动机低得多。