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大学英语四级 第一套 真题

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2020-10-20 20:40
tags:一套英文

乘公共汽车的英文-月旦评是什么意思

2020年10月20日发(作者:范国声)


2016年12月大学英语四级真题(卷一)
Part I Writing (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write
an essay. Suppose you have two options upon graduation: one is to
work in? a state-owned business and the other in a joint venture.
You are to make a choice between the two. Write an essay to explain
the reasons for your choice. You should write at least?120 words
but no more than 180?words.


Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension (25minutes)

Section A

Directions:In this section, you will hear three news reports.
At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions.
Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once.
After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the
four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding
letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Questions 1 to 2 are based on the conversation you have just
heard.


1. A) It was dangerous to live in. C) He could no longer pay the
rent.

B) It was going to be renovated. D) He had sold it to the royal
family.

2. A) A strike. C) A forest fire.

B) A storm. D) A terrorist attack.

Questions 3 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just
heard.

3. A) They lost contact with the emergency department.

B) They were trapped in an underground elevator.

C) They were injured by suddenly falling rocks.

D) They sent calls for help via a portable radio.

4. A) They tried hard to repair the elevator.

B) They released the details of the accident.

C) They sent supplies to keep the miners warm.

D) They provided the miners with food and water.


Questions 5 to 7 are based on the conversation you have just
heard.

5. A) Raise postage rates.

B) Improve its services.

C) Redesign delivery routes.

D) Close some of its post offices.

6. A) Shortening business hours.

B) Closing offices on holidays.

C) Stopping mail delivery on Saturdays.

D) Computerizing mail sorting processes.

7. A) Many post office staff will lose their jobs.

B) Many people will begin to complain.

C) Taxpayers will be very pleased.

D) A lot of controversy will arise.

Section B


Directions: In this section, you will hear two long
conversations. At the end of each conversation you will hear four
questions. Both the conversations and the question-s will be spoken
only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer
from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the
corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through
the centre.

Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just
heard.

8. A) He will be kept from promotion.

B) He will go through retraining.

C) He will be given a warning.

D) He will lose part of his pay.

9. A) He is always on time.

B) He is a trustworthy guy.

C) He is an experienced press operator.

D) He is on good terms with his workmates.

10. A) She is a trade union representative.


B) She is in charge of public relations.

C) She is a senior manager of the shop.

D) She is better at handling such matters.

11. A) He is skilled and experienced.

B) He is very close to the manager.

C) He is always trying to stir up trouble.

D) He is always complaining about low wages.

Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just
heard.

12. A) Open.

B) Selfish.

C) Friendly.

D) Reserved.

13. A) They stay quiet.

B) They read a book.

C) They talk about the weather.


D) They chat with fellow passengers.

14. A) She was always treated as a foreigner.

B) She was eager to visit an English castle.

C) She was never invited to a colleague's home.

D) She was unwilling to make friends with workmates.

15. A) Houses are much more quiet.

B) Houses provide more privacy.

C) They want to have more space.

D) They want a garden of their own.

Section C

Directions: In this section, you will hear three passages. At
the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both
the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you
hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four
choices marked A), B), C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letter
onAnswer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.


Questions 16 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just
heard.

16. A) They don't have much choice of jobs.

B) They are likely to get much higher pay.

C) They don't have to go through job interviews.

D) They will automatically be given hiring priority.

17. A) Ask their professors for help.

B) Look at school bulletin boards.

C) Visit the school careers service.

D) Go through campus newspapers.

18. A) Helping students find the books and journals they need.

B) Supervising study spaces to ensure a quiet atmosphere.

C) Helping students arrange appointments with librarians.

D) Providing students with information about the library.

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just
heard.


19. A) It tastes better.

B) It is easier to grow.

C) It may be sold at a higher price.

D) It can better survive extreme weathers.

20. A) It is healthier than green tea.

B) It can grow in drier soil.

C) It will replace green tea one day.

D) It is immune to various diseases.

21. A) It has been well received by many tea drinkers.

B) It does not bring the promised health benefits.

C) It has made tea farmers' life easier.

D) It does not have a stable market.

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just
heard.

22. A) They need decorations to show their status.

B) They prefer unique objects of high quality.


C) They decorate their homes themselves.

D) They care more about environment.

23. A) They were proud of their creations.

B) They could only try to create at night.

C) They made great contributions to society.

D) They focused on the quality of their products.

24. A) Make wise choices.

B) Identify fake crafts.

C) Design handicrafts themselves.

D) Learn the importance of creation.

25. A) To boost the local economy.

B) To attract foreign investments.

C) To arouse public interest in crafts.

D) To preserve the traditional culture.

Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)


Section A

Directions:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks.
You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of
choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage
through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the
bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter
for each item onAnswer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

Many men and women have long bought into the idea that there are
“male” and “female” brains, believing that explains just about
every difference between the sexes. A new study 26 that belief,
questioning whether brains really can be distinguished by gender.

In the study, Tel Aviv University researchers 27 for sex
differences the entire human brain.

And what did they find? Not much. Rather than offer evidence for
28 brains as “male” or “female,” research shows that brains
fall into a wide range, with most people falling right in the middle.

Daphna Joel, who led the study, said her research found that
while there are some gender-based 29 , many different types of
brain can't always be distinguished by gender.


While the “average” male and “average” female brains were
30 different, you couldn't tell it by looking at individual brain
scans. Only a small 31 of people had “all-male” or “all-female”
characteristics.

Larry Cahill, an American neuroscientist(神经科学家), said the
study is an important addition to a growing body of research
questioning 32 beliefs about gender and brain function. But he
cautioned against concluding from this study that all brains are
the same, 33 of gender.

“There's a mountain of evidence 34 the importance of sex
influences at all levels of brain function,” he told The Seattle
Times.

If anything, he said, the study 35 that gender plays a very
important role in the brain “even when we are not clear exactly
how.”

A) abnormal

I) regardless

B) applied

J) searched


C) briefly

K) similarities

D) categorizing

L) slightly

E) challenges

M) suggests

F) figure

N) tastes

G) percentage

O) traditional

H) proving

Section B

Directions:In this section, you are going to read a passage with
ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information
given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which
the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than


once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions
by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

Can Burglars Jam Your Wireless Security System?

[A]Any product that promises to protect your home deserves
careful examination. So it isn't surprising that you'll find plenty
of strong opinions about the potential vulnerabilities of popular
home- security systems.

[B]The most likely type of burglary(入室盗窃)by far is the
unsophisticated crime of opportunity, usually involving a broken
window or some forced entry. According to the FBI, crimes like these
accounted roughly two- thirds of all household burglaries in the US
in wide majority of the rest were illegal, unforced entries that
resulted from something like a window being left open. The odds of
a criminal using technical means to bypass a security system are
so small that the FBI doesn't even track those statistics.

[C]One of the main theoretical home-security concerns is whether
or not a given system is vulnerable to being blocked from working
altogether. With wired setups, the fear is that a burglar(入室
盗贼)might be able to shut your system down simply by cutting the
right cable. With a wireless setup, you stick battery-powered


sensors up around your home that keep an eye on windows, doors,
motion, and more. If they detect something wrong while the system
is armed, they'll transmit a wireless alert signal to a base station
that will then raise the alarm. That approach will eliminate most
cord-cutting concerns—but what about their wireless equivalent,
jamming? With the right device tuned to the right frequency, what's
to stop a thief from jamming your setup and blocking that alert
signal from ever reaching the base station?

[D]Jamming concerns are nothing new, and they're not unique to
security systems. Any device that's built to receive a wireless
signal at a specific frequency can be overwhelmed by a stronger
signal coming in on the same frequency. For comparison, let's say
you wanted to “jam” a conversation between two people—all you'd
need to do is yell in the listener's ear.

[E] Security devices are required to list the frequencies they
broadcast on—that means that a potential thief can find what they
need to know with minimal Googling. They will, however, need so know
what system they're looking for. If you have a sign in your yard
declaring what setup you use, that'd point them in the right
direction, though at that point, we're talking about a highly
targeted, semi-sophisticated attack, and not the sort forced-entry


attack that makes up the majority of burglaries. It's easier to find
and acquire jamming equipment for some frequencies than it is for
others.

[F] Wireless security providers will often take steps to help
combat the threat of jamming attacks. SimpliSafe, winner of our
Editor's Choice distinction, utilizes a special system that's
capable of separating incidental RF interference from targeted
jamming attacks. When the system thinks it's being jammed, it'll
notify you via push alert(推送警报). From there, it's up to you
to sound the alarm manually.

[G] SimpliSafe was singled out in one recent article on jamming,
complete with a video showing the entire system being effectively
bypassed with handheld jamming equipment. After taking appropriate
measures to contain the RF interference to our test lab, we tested
the attack out for ourselves, and were able to verify that it's
possible with the right equipment. However, we also verified that
SimpliSafe's anti-jamming system works. It caught us in the act,
sent an alert to my smartphone, and also listed our RF interference
on the system's event log. The team behind the article and video
in question make no mention of the system, or whether or not in
detected them.


[H]We like the unique nature of that software. It means that a
thief likely wouldn't be able to Google how the system works, then
figure out a way around it. Even if they could, SimpliSafe claims
that its system is always evolving, and that it varies slightly from
system to system, which means there wouldn't be a universal magic
formula for cracking it. Other systems also seem confident on the
subject of jamming. The team at Frontpoint addresses the issue in
a blog on its site, citing their own jam protection software and
claiming that there aren't any documented cases of successful jam
attack since the company began offering wireless security sensors
in the 1980s.

[I] Jamming attacks are absolutely possible. As said before,
with the right equipment and the right know-how, it's possible to
jam any wireless transmission. But how probable is it that someone
will successfully jam their way into your home and steal your stuff?

[J] Let's imagine that you live in a small home with a wireless
security setup that offers a functional anti- jamming system. First,
a thief is going to need to target your home, specifically. Then,
he's going to need to know the technical details of your system and
acquire the specific equipment necessary for jamming your specific
setup. Presumably, you keep your doors locked at night and while


you're away. So the thief will still need to break in. That means
defeating the lock somehow, or breaking a window. He'll need to be
jamming you at this point, as a broken window or opened door would
normally release the alarm. So, too, would the motion detectors in
your home, so the thief will need to continue jamming once he's
inside and searching for things to steal. However, he'll need to
do so without tripping the anti-jamming system, the details of which
he almost certainly does now have access to.

[K]At the end of the day, these kinds of systems are primarily
designed to protect against the sort of opportunistic
smash-and- grab attack that makes up the majority of burglaries.
They're also only a single layer in what should ideally be a
many-sided approach to securing your home, one that includes common
sense things like sound locks and proper exterior lighting at night.
No system is impenetrable, and none can promise to eliminate the
worst case completely. Every one of them has vulnerabilities that
a knowledgeable thief could theoretically exploit. A good system
is one that keeps that worst-case setting as improbable as possible
while also offering strong protection in the event of a
less- extraordinary attack.


36. It is possible for burglars to make jamming attacks with the
necessary equipment and skill.

37. Interfering with a wireless security system is similar to
interfering with a conversation.

38. A burglar has to continuously jam the wireless security
device to avoid triggering the alarm, both inside and outside the
house.

39. SimpliSafe provides devices that are able to distinguish
incidental radio interference from targeted jamming attacks.

40. Only a very small proportion of burglaries are committed by
technical means.

41. It is difficult to crack SimpliSafe as its system keeps
changing.

42. Wireless devices will transmit signals so as to activate the
alarm once something wrong is detected.

43. Different measures should be taken to protect one's home from
burglary in addition to the wireless security system.

44. SimpliSafe's device can send a warning to the house owner's
cellphone.


45. Burglars can easily get a security device's frequency by
Internet search.

Section C

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage
is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each
of them there are four choices marked A),B),C) and D).You should
decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer
Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

As a person who writes about food and drink for a living. I
couldn't tell you the first thing about Bill Perry or whether the
beers he sells are that great. But I can tell you that I like this
guy. That's because he plans to ban tipping in favor of paying his
servers an actual living wage.

I hate tipping.

I hate it because it's an obligation disguised as an option. I
hate it for the post-dinner math it requires of me. But mostly, I
hate tipping because I believe I would be in a better place if pay


decisions regarding employees were simply left up to their employers,
as is the custom in virtually every other industry.

Most of you probably think that you hate tipping, too. Research
suggests otherwise. You actually love tipping! You like to feel that
you have a voice in how much money your server makes. No matter how
the math works out, you persistently view restaurants with voluntary
tipping systems as being a better value, which makes it extremely
difficult for restaurants and bars to do away with the tipping
system.

One argument that you tend to hear a lot from the pro-tipping
crowd seems logical enough: the service is better when waiters
depend on tips, presumably because they see a benefit to
successfully veiling their contempt for you. Well, if this were true,
we would all be slipping a few 100-dollar bills to our doctors on
the way out their doors, too. But as it turns out, waiters see only
a tiny bump in tips when they do an exceptional job compared to a
passable one. Waiters, keen observers of humanity that they are,
are catching on to this; in one poll, a full 30% said they didn't
believe the job they did had any impact on the tips they received.

So come on, folks: get on board with ditching the outdated tip
system. Pay a little more upfront for your beer or burger. Support


Bill Perry's pub, and any other bar or restaurant that doesn't ask
you to do drunken math.

46. What can we learn about Bill Perry from the passage?

A) He runs a pub that serves excellent beer.

B) He intends to get rid of the tipping practice.

C) He gives his staff a considerable sum for tips.

D) He lives comfortably without getting any tips.

47. What is the main reason why the author hates tipping?

A) It sets a bad example for other industries.

B) It adds to the burden of ordinary customers.

C) It forces the customer to compensate the waiter.

D) It poses a great challenge for customers to do math.

48. Why do many people love tipping according to the author?

A) They help improve the quality of the restaurants they dine
in.

B) They believe waiters deserve such rewards for good service.


C) They want to preserve a wonderful tradition of the industry.

D) They can have some say in how much their servers earn.

49. What have some waiters come to realize according to a survey?

A) Service quality has little effect on tip size.

B) It is in human mature to try to save on tips.

C) Tips make it more difficult to please customers.

D) Tips benefit the boss rather that the employees.

50. What does the author argue for in the passage?

A) Restaurants should calculate the tips for customers.

B) Customers should pay more tips to help improve service.

C) Waiters deserve better than just relying on tips for a living.

D) Waiters should be paid by employers instead of customers.

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

In the past, falling oil prices have given a boost to the world
economy, but recent forecasts for global growth have been toned down,


even as oil prices sink lower and lower. Does that mean the link
between lower oil prices and growth has weakened?

Some experts say there are still good reasons to believe cheap
oil should heat up the world economy. Consumers have more money in
their pockets when they're paying less at the pump. They spend that
money on other things, which stimulates the economy.

The biggest gains go to countries that import most of their oil
like China, Japan, and India, But doesn't the extra money in the
pockets of those countries' consumers mean an equal loss in oil
producing countries, cancelling out the gains? Not necessarily,
says economic researcher Sara Johnson. “Many oil producers built
up huge reserve funds when prices were high, so when prices fall
they will draw on their reserves to support government spending and
subsidies(补贴)for their consumers.”

But not all oil producers have big reserves, In Venezuela,
collapsing oil prices have sent its economy into free-fall.

Economist Carl Weinberg believes the negative effects of
plunging oil prices are overwhelming the positive effects of cheaper
oil. The implication is a sharp decline in global trade, which has


plunged partly because oil- producing nations can't afford to import
as much as they used to.

Sara Johnson acknowledges that the global economic benefit from
a fall in oil prices today is likely lower than it was in the past.
One reason is that more countries are big oil producers now, so the
nations suffering from the price drop account for a larger share
of the global economy.

Consumers, in the . at least, are acting cautiously with the
savings they're getting at the gas pump, as the memory of the recent
great recession is still fresh in their mind. And a number of
oil-producing countries are trimming their gasoline subsidies and
raising taxes, so the net savings for global consumers is not as
big as the oil price plunge might suggest.

51. What does the author mainly discuss in the passage?

A) The reasons behind the plunge of oil prices.

B) Possible ways to stimulate the global economy.

C) The impact of cheap oil on global economic growth.

D) The effect of falling oil prices on consumer spending.


52. Why do some experts believe cheap oil will stimulate the
global economy?

A) Manufacturers can produce consumer goods at a much lower cost.

B) Lower oil prices have always given a big boost to the global
economy.

C) Oil prices may rise or fall but economic laws are not subject
to change.

D) Consumers will spend their saving from cheap oil on other
commodities.

53. What happens in many oil-exporting countries when oil prices
go down?

A) They suspend import of necessities from overseas.

B) They reduce production drastically to boost oil prices.

C) They use their money reserves to back up consumption.

D) They try to stop their economy from going into free-fall.

54. How does Carl Weinberg view the current oil price plunge?

A) It is one that has seen no parallel in economic history.


B) Its negative effects more than cancel out its positive
effects.

C) It still has a chance to give rise to a boom in the global
economy.

D) Its effects on the global economy go against existing economic
laws.

55. Why haven't falling oil prices boosted the global economy
as they did before?

A) People are not spending all the money they save on gas.

B) The global economy is likely to undergo another recession.

C) Oil importers account for a larger portion of the global
economy.

D) People the world over are afraid of a further plunge in oil
prices.


Part IV Translation (30 minutes)


Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minted to translate
a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer
on Answer Sheet 2.

随 着中国的改革开放,如今很多年轻人都喜欢举行西式婚礼。新娘在
婚礼上穿着白色婚纱,因为白色被认为 是纯洁的象征。然而在中国传统文
化中,白色经常是葬礼上使用的颜色。因此务必记住,白花一定不要用 作
祝人康复的礼物,尤其不要送给老年人或危重病人。同样,礼金也不能装
在白色的信封里,而 要装在红色的信封里。

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