乘公共汽车的英文-月旦评是什么意思
2016年12月大学英语四级真题(卷一)
Part I Writing (30
minutes)
Directions: For this part, you
are allowed 30 minutes to write
an essay.
Suppose you have two options upon graduation: one
is to
work in? a state-owned business and the
other in a joint venture.
You are to make a
choice between the two. Write an essay to explain
the reasons for your choice. You should write
at least?120 words
but no more than
180?words.
Part Ⅱ Listening
Comprehension (25minutes)
Section A
Directions:In this section, you will hear
three news reports.
At the end of each news
report, you will hear two or three questions.
Both the news report and the questions will be
spoken only once.
After you hear a question,
you must choose the best answer from the
four
choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the
corresponding
letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a
single line through the centre.
Questions
1 to 2 are based on the conversation you have just
heard.
1. A) It was dangerous
to live in. C) He could no longer pay the
rent.
B) It was going to be renovated.
D) He had sold it to the royal
family.
2. A) A strike. C) A forest fire.
B) A
storm. D) A terrorist attack.
Questions 3
to 4 are based on the conversation you have just
heard.
3. A) They lost contact with
the emergency department.
B) They were
trapped in an underground elevator.
C)
They were injured by suddenly falling rocks.
D) They sent calls for help via a portable
radio.
4. A) They tried hard to repair the
elevator.
B) They released the details of
the accident.
C) They sent supplies to
keep the miners warm.
D) They provided the
miners with food and water.
Questions 5 to 7 are based on the
conversation you have just
heard.
5.
A) Raise postage rates.
B) Improve its
services.
C) Redesign delivery routes.
D) Close some of its post offices.
6.
A) Shortening business hours.
B) Closing
offices on holidays.
C) Stopping mail
delivery on Saturdays.
D) Computerizing
mail sorting processes.
7. A) Many post
office staff will lose their jobs.
B) Many
people will begin to complain.
C)
Taxpayers will be very pleased.
D) A lot
of controversy will arise.
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will
hear two long
conversations. At the end of
each conversation you will hear four
questions. Both the conversations and the
question-s will be spoken
only once. After you
hear a question, you must choose the best answer
from the four choices marked A), B), C) and
D). Then mark the
corresponding letter on
Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through
the
centre.
Questions 8 to 11 are based on the
conversation you have just
heard.
8.
A) He will be kept from promotion.
B) He
will go through retraining.
C) He will be
given a warning.
D) He will lose part of
his pay.
9. A) He is always on time.
B) He is a trustworthy guy.
C) He is
an experienced press operator.
D) He is on
good terms with his workmates.
10. A) She
is a trade union representative.
B)
She is in charge of public relations.
C)
She is a senior manager of the shop.
D)
She is better at handling such matters.
11. A) He is skilled and experienced.
B) He is very close to the manager.
C)
He is always trying to stir up trouble.
D)
He is always complaining about low wages.
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the
conversation you have just
heard.
12.
A) Open.
B) Selfish.
C)
Friendly.
D) Reserved.
13. A) They
stay quiet.
B) They read a book.
C) They talk about the weather.
D) They chat with fellow
passengers.
14. A) She was always treated
as a foreigner.
B) She was eager to visit
an English castle.
C) She was never
invited to a colleague's home.
D) She was
unwilling to make friends with workmates.
15. A) Houses are much more quiet.
B)
Houses provide more privacy.
C) They want
to have more space.
D) They want a garden
of their own.
Section C
Directions: In this section, you will hear
three passages. At
the end of each passage,
you will hear three or four questions. Both
the passage and the questions will be spoken
only once. After you
hear a question, you must
choose the best answer from the four
choices
marked A), B), C) and D).Then mark the
corresponding letter
onAnswer Sheet 1 with a
single line through the centre.
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the
conversation you have just
heard.
16.
A) They don't have much choice of jobs.
B)
They are likely to get much higher pay.
C)
They don't have to go through job interviews.
D) They will automatically be given hiring
priority.
17. A) Ask their professors for
help.
B) Look at school bulletin
boards.
C) Visit the school careers
service.
D) Go through campus
newspapers.
18. A) Helping students find
the books and journals they need.
B)
Supervising study spaces to ensure a quiet
atmosphere.
C) Helping students arrange
appointments with librarians.
D) Providing
students with information about the library.
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the
conversation you have just
heard.
19. A) It tastes better.
B) It
is easier to grow.
C) It may be sold at a
higher price.
D) It can better survive
extreme weathers.
20. A) It is healthier
than green tea.
B) It can grow in drier
soil.
C) It will replace green tea one
day.
D) It is immune to various
diseases.
21. A) It has been well received
by many tea drinkers.
B) It does not bring
the promised health benefits.
C) It has
made tea farmers' life easier.
D) It does
not have a stable market.
Questions 22 to
25 are based on the conversation you have just
heard.
22. A) They need decorations to
show their status.
B) They prefer unique
objects of high quality.
C) They
decorate their homes themselves.
D) They
care more about environment.
23. A) They
were proud of their creations.
B) They
could only try to create at night.
C) They
made great contributions to society.
D)
They focused on the quality of their products.
24. A) Make wise choices.
B) Identify
fake crafts.
C) Design handicrafts
themselves.
D) Learn the importance of
creation.
25. A) To boost the local
economy.
B) To attract foreign
investments.
C) To arouse public interest
in crafts.
D) To preserve the traditional
culture.
Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40
minutes)
Section A
Directions:In this section, there is a passage
with ten blanks.
You are required to select
one word for each blank from a list of
choices
given in a word bank following the passage. Read
the passage
through carefully before making
your choices. Each choice in the
bank is
identified by a letter. Please mark the
corresponding letter
for each item onAnswer
Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
You may not use any of the words in the bank
more than once.
Many men and women have
long bought into the idea that there are
“male” and “female” brains, believing that
explains just about
every difference between
the sexes. A new study 26 that belief,
questioning whether brains really can be
distinguished by gender.
In the study, Tel
Aviv University researchers 27 for sex
differences the entire human brain.
And what did they find? Not much. Rather than
offer evidence for
28 brains as “male” or
“female,” research shows that brains
fall into
a wide range, with most people falling right in
the middle.
Daphna Joel, who led the
study, said her research found that
while
there are some gender-based 29 , many different
types of
brain can't always be distinguished
by gender.
While the “average” male
and “average” female brains were
30
different, you couldn't tell it by looking at
individual brain
scans. Only a small 31 of
people had “all-male” or “all-female”
characteristics.
Larry Cahill, an
American neuroscientist(神经科学家), said the
study
is an important addition to a growing body of
research
questioning 32 beliefs about gender
and brain function. But he
cautioned against
concluding from this study that all brains are
the same, 33 of gender.
“There's a
mountain of evidence 34 the importance of sex
influences at all levels of brain function,”
he told The Seattle
Times.
If
anything, he said, the study 35 that gender plays
a very
important role in the brain “even when
we are not clear exactly
how.”
A)
abnormal
I) regardless
B)
applied
J) searched
C)
briefly
K) similarities
D)
categorizing
L) slightly
E)
challenges
M) suggests
F)
figure
N) tastes
G) percentage
O) traditional
H) proving
Section B
Directions:In this section,
you are going to read a passage with
ten
statements attached to it. Each statement contains
information
given in one of the paragraphs.
Identify the paragraph from which
the
information is derived. You may choose a paragraph
more than
once. Each paragraph is
marked with a letter. Answer the questions
by
marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet
2.
Can Burglars Jam Your Wireless Security
System?
[A]Any product that promises to
protect your home deserves
careful
examination. So it isn't surprising that you'll
find plenty
of strong opinions about the
potential vulnerabilities of popular
home-
security systems.
[B]The most likely type
of burglary(入室盗窃)by far is the
unsophisticated
crime of opportunity, usually involving a broken
window or some forced entry. According to the
FBI, crimes like these
accounted roughly two-
thirds of all household burglaries in the US
in wide majority of the rest were illegal,
unforced entries that
resulted from something
like a window being left open. The odds of
a
criminal using technical means to bypass a
security system are
so small that the FBI
doesn't even track those statistics.
[C]One of the main theoretical home-security
concerns is whether
or not a given system is
vulnerable to being blocked from working
altogether. With wired setups, the fear is
that a burglar(入室
盗贼)might be able to shut your
system down simply by cutting the
right cable.
With a wireless setup, you stick battery-powered
sensors up around your home that keep
an eye on windows, doors,
motion, and more. If
they detect something wrong while the system
is armed, they'll transmit a wireless alert
signal to a base station
that will then raise
the alarm. That approach will eliminate most
cord-cutting concerns—but what about their
wireless equivalent,
jamming? With the right
device tuned to the right frequency, what's
to
stop a thief from jamming your setup and blocking
that alert
signal from ever reaching the base
station?
[D]Jamming concerns are nothing
new, and they're not unique to
security
systems. Any device that's built to receive a
wireless
signal at a specific frequency can be
overwhelmed by a stronger
signal coming in on
the same frequency. For comparison, let's say
you wanted to “jam” a conversation between two
people—all you'd
need to do is yell in the
listener's ear.
[E] Security devices are
required to list the frequencies they
broadcast on—that means that a potential thief
can find what they
need to know with minimal
Googling. They will, however, need so know
what system they're looking for. If you have a
sign in your yard
declaring what setup you
use, that'd point them in the right
direction,
though at that point, we're talking about a highly
targeted, semi-sophisticated attack, and not
the sort forced-entry
attack that makes
up the majority of burglaries. It's easier to find
and acquire jamming equipment for some
frequencies than it is for
others.
[F]
Wireless security providers will often take steps
to help
combat the threat of jamming attacks.
SimpliSafe, winner of our
Editor's Choice
distinction, utilizes a special system that's
capable of separating incidental RF
interference from targeted
jamming attacks.
When the system thinks it's being jammed, it'll
notify you via push alert(推送警报). From there,
it's up to you
to sound the alarm
manually.
[G] SimpliSafe was singled out
in one recent article on jamming,
complete
with a video showing the entire system being
effectively
bypassed with handheld jamming
equipment. After taking appropriate
measures
to contain the RF interference to our test lab, we
tested
the attack out for ourselves, and were
able to verify that it's
possible with the
right equipment. However, we also verified that
SimpliSafe's anti-jamming system works. It
caught us in the act,
sent an alert to my
smartphone, and also listed our RF interference
on the system's event log. The team behind the
article and video
in question make no mention
of the system, or whether or not in
detected
them.
[H]We like the unique nature
of that software. It means that a
thief likely
wouldn't be able to Google how the system works,
then
figure out a way around it. Even if they
could, SimpliSafe claims
that its system is
always evolving, and that it varies slightly from
system to system, which means there wouldn't
be a universal magic
formula for cracking it.
Other systems also seem confident on the
subject of jamming. The team at Frontpoint
addresses the issue in
a blog on its site,
citing their own jam protection software and
claiming that there aren't any documented
cases of successful jam
attack since the
company began offering wireless security sensors
in the 1980s.
[I] Jamming attacks are
absolutely possible. As said before,
with the
right equipment and the right know-how, it's
possible to
jam any wireless transmission. But
how probable is it that someone
will
successfully jam their way into your home and
steal your stuff?
[J] Let's imagine that
you live in a small home with a wireless
security setup that offers a functional anti-
jamming system. First,
a thief is going to
need to target your home, specifically. Then,
he's going to need to know the technical
details of your system and
acquire the
specific equipment necessary for jamming your
specific
setup. Presumably, you keep your
doors locked at night and while
you're
away. So the thief will still need to break in.
That means
defeating the lock somehow, or
breaking a window. He'll need to be
jamming
you at this point, as a broken window or opened
door would
normally release the alarm. So,
too, would the motion detectors in
your home,
so the thief will need to continue jamming once
he's
inside and searching for things to steal.
However, he'll need to
do so without tripping
the anti-jamming system, the details of which
he almost certainly does now have access
to.
[K]At the end of the day, these kinds
of systems are primarily
designed to protect
against the sort of opportunistic
smash-and-
grab attack that makes up the majority of
burglaries.
They're also only a single layer
in what should ideally be a
many-sided
approach to securing your home, one that includes
common
sense things like sound locks and
proper exterior lighting at night.
No system
is impenetrable, and none can promise to eliminate
the
worst case completely. Every one of them
has vulnerabilities that
a knowledgeable thief
could theoretically exploit. A good system
is
one that keeps that worst-case setting as
improbable as possible
while also offering
strong protection in the event of a
less-
extraordinary attack.
36. It is
possible for burglars to make jamming attacks with
the
necessary equipment and skill.
37.
Interfering with a wireless security system is
similar to
interfering with a
conversation.
38. A burglar has to
continuously jam the wireless security
device
to avoid triggering the alarm, both inside and
outside the
house.
39. SimpliSafe
provides devices that are able to distinguish
incidental radio interference from targeted
jamming attacks.
40. Only a very small
proportion of burglaries are committed by
technical means.
41. It is difficult
to crack SimpliSafe as its system keeps
changing.
42. Wireless devices will
transmit signals so as to activate the
alarm
once something wrong is detected.
43.
Different measures should be taken to protect
one's home from
burglary in addition to the
wireless security system.
44. SimpliSafe's
device can send a warning to the house owner's
cellphone.
45. Burglars can
easily get a security device's frequency by
Internet search.
Section C
Directions: There are 2 passages in this
section. Each passage
is followed by some
questions or unfinished statements. For each
of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)
and D).You should
decide on the best choice
and mark the corresponding letter on Answer
Sheet 2 with a single line through the
centre.
Passage One
Questions 46
to 50 are based on the following passage.
As a person who writes about food and drink
for a living. I
couldn't tell you the first
thing about Bill Perry or whether the
beers he
sells are that great. But I can tell you that I
like this
guy. That's because he plans to ban
tipping in favor of paying his
servers an
actual living wage.
I hate tipping.
I hate it because it's an obligation disguised
as an option. I
hate it for the post-dinner
math it requires of me. But mostly, I
hate
tipping because I believe I would be in a better
place if pay
decisions regarding
employees were simply left up to their employers,
as is the custom in virtually every other
industry.
Most of you probably think that
you hate tipping, too. Research
suggests
otherwise. You actually love tipping! You like to
feel that
you have a voice in how much money
your server makes. No matter how
the math
works out, you persistently view restaurants with
voluntary
tipping systems as being a better
value, which makes it extremely
difficult for
restaurants and bars to do away with the tipping
system.
One argument that you tend to
hear a lot from the pro-tipping
crowd seems
logical enough: the service is better when waiters
depend on tips, presumably because they see a
benefit to
successfully veiling their contempt
for you. Well, if this were true,
we would all
be slipping a few 100-dollar bills to our doctors
on
the way out their doors, too. But as it
turns out, waiters see only
a tiny bump in
tips when they do an exceptional job compared to a
passable one. Waiters, keen observers of
humanity that they are,
are catching on to
this; in one poll, a full 30% said they didn't
believe the job they did had any impact on the
tips they received.
So come on, folks: get
on board with ditching the outdated tip
system. Pay a little more upfront for your
beer or burger. Support
Bill Perry's
pub, and any other bar or restaurant that doesn't
ask
you to do drunken math.
46. What
can we learn about Bill Perry from the
passage?
A) He runs a pub that serves
excellent beer.
B) He intends to get rid
of the tipping practice.
C) He gives his
staff a considerable sum for tips.
D) He
lives comfortably without getting any tips.
47. What is the main reason why the author
hates tipping?
A) It sets a bad example
for other industries.
B) It adds to the
burden of ordinary customers.
C) It forces
the customer to compensate the waiter.
D)
It poses a great challenge for customers to do
math.
48. Why do many people love tipping
according to the author?
A) They help
improve the quality of the restaurants they dine
in.
B) They believe waiters deserve
such rewards for good service.
C)
They want to preserve a wonderful tradition of the
industry.
D) They can have some say in how
much their servers earn.
49. What have
some waiters come to realize according to a
survey?
A) Service quality has little
effect on tip size.
B) It is in human
mature to try to save on tips.
C) Tips
make it more difficult to please customers.
D) Tips benefit the boss rather that the
employees.
50. What does the author argue
for in the passage?
A) Restaurants should
calculate the tips for customers.
B)
Customers should pay more tips to help improve
service.
C) Waiters deserve better than
just relying on tips for a living.
D)
Waiters should be paid by employers instead of
customers.
Passage Two
Questions
51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
In the past, falling oil prices have given a
boost to the world
economy, but recent
forecasts for global growth have been toned down,
even as oil prices sink lower and
lower. Does that mean the link
between lower
oil prices and growth has weakened?
Some
experts say there are still good reasons to
believe cheap
oil should heat up the world
economy. Consumers have more money in
their
pockets when they're paying less at the pump. They
spend that
money on other things, which
stimulates the economy.
The biggest gains
go to countries that import most of their oil
like China, Japan, and India, But doesn't the
extra money in the
pockets of those countries'
consumers mean an equal loss in oil
producing
countries, cancelling out the gains? Not
necessarily,
says economic researcher Sara
Johnson. “Many oil producers built
up huge
reserve funds when prices were high, so when
prices fall
they will draw on their reserves
to support government spending and
subsidies(补贴)for their consumers.”
But
not all oil producers have big reserves, In
Venezuela,
collapsing oil prices have sent its
economy into free-fall.
Economist Carl
Weinberg believes the negative effects of
plunging oil prices are overwhelming the
positive effects of cheaper
oil. The
implication is a sharp decline in global trade,
which has
plunged partly because oil-
producing nations can't afford to import
as
much as they used to.
Sara Johnson
acknowledges that the global economic benefit from
a fall in oil prices today is likely lower
than it was in the past.
One reason is that
more countries are big oil producers now, so the
nations suffering from the price drop account
for a larger share
of the global economy.
Consumers, in the . at least, are acting
cautiously with the
savings they're getting at
the gas pump, as the memory of the recent
great recession is still fresh in their mind.
And a number of
oil-producing countries are
trimming their gasoline subsidies and
raising
taxes, so the net savings for global consumers is
not as
big as the oil price plunge might
suggest.
51. What does the author mainly
discuss in the passage?
A) The reasons
behind the plunge of oil prices.
B)
Possible ways to stimulate the global economy.
C) The impact of cheap oil on global economic
growth.
D) The effect of falling oil
prices on consumer spending.
52.
Why do some experts believe cheap oil will
stimulate the
global economy?
A)
Manufacturers can produce consumer goods at a much
lower cost.
B) Lower oil prices have
always given a big boost to the global
economy.
C) Oil prices may rise or
fall but economic laws are not subject
to
change.
D) Consumers will spend their
saving from cheap oil on other
commodities.
53. What happens in many
oil-exporting countries when oil prices
go
down?
A) They suspend import of
necessities from overseas.
B) They reduce
production drastically to boost oil prices.
C) They use their money reserves to back up
consumption.
D) They try to stop their
economy from going into free-fall.
54. How
does Carl Weinberg view the current oil price
plunge?
A) It is one that has seen no
parallel in economic history.
B)
Its negative effects more than cancel out its
positive
effects.
C) It still has a
chance to give rise to a boom in the global
economy.
D) Its effects on the global
economy go against existing economic
laws.
55. Why haven't falling oil prices boosted the
global economy
as they did before?
A)
People are not spending all the money they save on
gas.
B) The global economy is likely to
undergo another recession.
C) Oil
importers account for a larger portion of the
global
economy.
D) People the world
over are afraid of a further plunge in oil
prices.
Part IV Translation (30
minutes)
Directions: For this part,
you are allowed 30 minted to translate
a
passage from Chinese into English. You should
write your answer
on Answer Sheet 2.
随
着中国的改革开放,如今很多年轻人都喜欢举行西式婚礼。新娘在
婚礼上穿着白色婚纱,因为白色被认为
是纯洁的象征。然而在中国传统文
化中,白色经常是葬礼上使用的颜色。因此务必记住,白花一定不要用
作
祝人康复的礼物,尤其不要送给老年人或危重病人。同样,礼金也不能装
在白色的信封里,而
要装在红色的信封里。
波数-leon什么意思
淄怎么读-kiku
有志不在年高-might什么意思
sunbird-昨天的昨怎么写
头晕目眩读音-门外汉什么意思
狭义是什么意思-本来面目
uza-荒谬意思
少儿英语读物-什么的清香
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