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2017年12月大学英语四级真题试卷及详细答案一(完整版)
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2017年12月大学英语四级真题详细答案(完整版) .........
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2017年12月大学英语四级真题试题一(完整版) .....................
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2017年12月大学英语四级真题详细答案(完整版)
Part I
Writing (25 minutes)
(请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分,之后将进行听力考试)
Directions:
For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write
an a short easy on how to best handle the
relationship between doctors and patients. You
should write at least 120 words but no more than
180
words.
Part II
Listening Comprehension (30
minutes)
Section A
Directions:
In
this section, you will hear three news reports. At
the end of each news report, you will
hear two
or three questions. Both the news report and
questions will be spoken only once. After you hear
questions, you must choose the best answer
from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D).
Then mark
the corresponding letter on Answer
Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
注意:此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
【听力原文】
News Report
One
【1】A 9-year-old girl in New Mexico has
raised more than $$500 for her little brother
who needs heart surgery in Houston, Texas this
July. Addison Witulski’s
grandmother Kim
Allred said Addison probably overheard a
conversation between
第
1
页 共 56 页
family members
talking about the funds needed to get her little
brother to treatment.
“I guess she overheard
her grandfather and me talking about how we’re
worried about how
we’re going to get to
Houston, for my grandson’s heart surgery,” said
Allred. “She decided
to go outside and have a
lemonade stand and make some drawings and pictures
and sell
them.”
【2】That’s when Addison and
her friends Erika and Emily Borden decided to sell
lemonade for 50 cents a cup and sell pictures
for 25 cents each.
Before Allred knew it, New
Mexico State Police Officers were among the many
stopping
by helping them reach a total of
$$568.
The family turned to social media
expressing their gratitude saying, “From the
bottom of
our hearts, we would like to deeply
thank each and every person that stopped by!”
【杀掉拦路虎】
1. overheard [???v??h?:d]
v.偶然听到(overhear的过去式和过去分词)
2.
lemonade [?lem??ne?d]
n.柠檬汽水;一杯(或一瓶)柠檬饮料
3. drawing [?dr?:??]
n. 绘画;制图;图画;图样;
v. 绘画(draw的现在分词);拖;拉;拔出
4. gratitude
[?ɡr?titju:d]
n. 感激,感谢;感激的样子;谢意;恩义
5.
stop by [st?p bai]
顺便走访
6.
Houston [?hju:st?n]
n.休斯顿
7.
Texas [?teks?s]
n.德克萨斯州(美国州名)
Questions 1 to 2 are based on the new report
you have just heard.
did Addison raise money
for?
1. A) Her grandfather.
B) Her
grandfather.
C) Her friend Erika.
第
2
页 共 56 页
D) Her little
brother.
【答案】D
【解析】关键词: her little brother
,Addison,heart surgery,本题为细节题, 由
【1】A 9-year-
old
girl in New Mexico has raised more than
$$500 for her little brother who needs heart
surgery in Houston, Texas this July. Addison
Witulski’s grandmother Kim Allred said
Addison
probably overheard a conversation between family
members talking about
the funds needed to get
her little brother to treatment.
可知:开篇第一句就讲述了在新
墨西
哥州,一个小女孩为她需要做心脏手术的弟弟筹集了500美元,再有第二句Addison奶奶说
Addison
可能在家庭成员讨论给他的小弟弟治疗的时候,偶尔听到了这件事情,由此可以断定,这
个小女孩
的名字叫Addison,因此正确答案为D选项。
did
Addison raise money?
2. A) By taking
pictures for passers-by.
B) By selling
lemonade and pictures.
C) By working part time
at a hospital.
D) By asking for help on social
media.
【答案】B
【解析】本题为细节题, 由
【2】That’s
when Addison and her friends Erika and Emily
Borden decided to sell lemonade for 50 cents a
cup and sell pictures for 25 cents each.
可知:Addison
和她的朋友们决定以五十美分一杯柠檬水,25美分一副图画来为他的小弟弟筹集<
br>钱,因此正确答案为B选项。
【听力原文】
News Report
Two
【3】 Last week, France announced that the
country will pave 621 miles of road with
solar
panels over the next five years, with the goal of
providing cheap, renewable
energy to five
million people.
第
3
页 共 56 页
Called the
“Wattway”, the roads will be built through joint
efforts with the French
road-building company
Colas and the National Institute of Solar Energy.
The company
spent the last five years
developing solar panels that are only about a
quarter of an inch
thick and are strong enough
to stand up to heavy highway traffic without
breaking or
making the roads more slippery.
【4】 The panels are also designed so that they can
be
installed directly on top of existing
roadways, making them relatively cheap and easy
to install.
France isn’t the first country
to kick around the idea of paving its roads with
solar panels.
In November 2015, the
Netherlands completed a 229-foot-long bike path
paved with solar
panels as a test for future
projects. However, this is the first time a panel
has been designed
to be laid directly on top
of existing roads and the first project to install
the panels on
public highways.
【杀掉拦路虎】
[peiv]
vt. 铺设;为…铺平道路;安排n.
(用砖石)铺
(地);
adj. (宝石)密镶的
2.
renewable [r??nju:?bl]
adj.可继续的,可续订的;可更新的;可再生的;
可翻新的
3.
Institute [ ?institju:t]
vt. 建立;制定;开始;着手;
n. 协会;学会;学院;(教育、专业等)机构
4. Solar
Energy [?s?ul? ?en?d?i]
太阳能
5. inch
[int?]
n. 英寸(相当于 2。54
厘米,一英尺有12英
寸);少量,少许;身高;
vt. 使缓慢地移动;
vi.
缓慢移动;渐进
6. slippery [?slip?ri]
adj.
狡猾的;滑溜的;不可靠的
7. kick around [kik ??raund]
第
4
页 共 56 页
口 谈论;口 存在;漫不经心地踢;漫不经心
地游荡
8. the Netherlands [?? ?ne??l?ndz]
n.荷兰
9. stand wear and tear [st?nd w?? ?nd
ti?]
耐穿耐用;耐磨损
10. elements
['el?m?nts]
n.原理,基础;要素(旧时认为土、空气、火和
水是构成一切物质的四大要素)(
element的名
词复数 );(化学)元素;基础;成分
Questions 3 to
4 are based on the new report you have just heard.
was France’s purpose of constructing the
Wattway?
3. A) Testing the efficiency of
the new solar panel.
B) Providing clean
energy to five million people.
C)
Generating electric power for passing vehicles.
D) Finding cheaper ways of highway
construction.
【答案】B
【解析】本题为细节题, 由
【3】
Last week, France announced that the country will
pave
621 miles of road with solar panels over
the next five years, with the goal of providing
cheap, renewable energy to five million people
.
可知:新闻开篇就提到上周法国宣称在接下
来的五年里,在公路上要铺设621英里的太阳能
电池板,目标是给500万大众提供便宜可再生的能
源,又有下文可知这项工程被称为
Watt
way,
因此正确答案为B选项。
is special about the
solar panels used in the Wattway?
4. A)
They are made from cheap materials.
B) They
are only about half an inch thick.
C) They
can be laid right on top of existing highways.
D) A) They can stand the wear and tear of
natural elements.
【答案】C
【解析】本题为细节题,
由
【4】 The panels are also designed so that they
can be installed
directly on top of existing
roadways, making them relatively cheap and easy to
install.
可知:这种太阳能电池板,被设计成可以直接在现有的公路上铺设,而且价格便宜,容
易安装,因
第
5
页 共 56 页
此正确答案为C选项。
【听力原文】
News Report Three
Lions
have disappeared from much of Africa, but for the
past few years scientists have
wondered if the
big cats were hanging on in remote parts of Sudan
and
Ethiopia. 【5】 Continuous fighting in the
region has made surveys difficult.
【6】But
scientists released a report Monday documenting,
with hard evidence, the
discovery of “lost
lions”.
A team with Oxford University’s
Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, supported by
a
charity organization, spent two nights in
November camping in the National Park in
northwest Ethiopia, on the Ethiopia-Sudan
border.【7】The researchers set out six camera
traps capturing images of lions, and
identified lion tracks.
The scientists
concluded that lions are also likely to live in
the neighbouring National Park
across the
border in Sudan. The International Union for
Conservation of Nature had
previously
considered the area a “possible range” for the
species, and local people had
reported seeing
lions in the area, but no one presented convincing
evidence.
【杀掉拦路虎】
1. Sudan [s?'dɑ:n]
n.苏丹
2. Ethiopia [?i:θ?'??p??]
n.埃塞俄比亚(非洲东部国家)
3. Oxford ['?ksf?d]
n.牛津(英国城市),牛津大学
4. Wildlife
Conservation [?wa?ld?la?f
?k?ns??vei??n]
野生生物资源保护
5. charity [?t??riti]
n.
慈善(行为);施舍,捐助;慈善机关;仁爱,
第
6
页 共 56 页
宽容
6. traps [tr?ps]
n.随身携带物,随身行李;圈套( trap的名词复
数
);(对付人的)计谋;(练习射击用的)抛
靶器;(捕捉动物的)夹子
v.诱骗(
trap的第三人称单数 );使受限制;困
住;使(水与气体等)分离
7.
convincing [k?n?v?ns??]
adj.令人相信的;有说服力的;令人心悦诚服的
v.使相信(convince的现在分词);使明白;使确
信;说服
8. clue [klu:]
n.
线索;提示;(帮助警方破案的)线索;(纵横
填字谜、游戏或问题的)提示词语;
vt.
<非正>为…提供最新情况(消息等)
9. Inadequate [?n??d?kw?t]
adj. 不充足的;不适当的;不足胜任的;信心不足
的
10. hazard
[?h?z?d]
vt. 冒险;使遭受危险;
n. 危险;冒险的事;机会;双骰子游戏
11. facility [f??siliti]
n. 设备;容易;能力;灵巧
Questions 5 to 7 are based on the new report
you have just heard.
has made it difficult to
survey lions in remote parts of Sudan and
Ethiopia?
5. A) The lack of clues about
the species.
B) Endless fighting in the
region.
C) Inadequate funding for
research.
D) The hazards from the desert.
【答案】B
【解析】本题为细节题, 由
【5】 Continuous
fighting in the region has made surveys
diffic
ult.
可知:在这一地区不断的战争使调查很困难,a选项是缺乏物种的线索,c选项是研究证
据不充分,d选项来自沙漠的危险,本题难点在于对原文理解以及弄懂各个选项的意思。因此正确
答案
为B选项。
was the main purpose of the research?
6. A) To observe the wildlife in the two
national parks.
B) To study the habitat of
lions in Sudan and Ethiopia.
C) To identify
the reasons for the lions’ disappearance.
D)
To find evidence of the existence of the “lost
lions”.
第
7
页 共 56 页
【答案】D
【解析】
本题为主旨题,做该类题需要对整个新闻讲述的内容有全面的了解,能够提炼出文章的主
题,知道发生了
什么事情,或者文章的主题内容,对于英语听力基础不太好的同学,本体容易选错。
由
【6】But scientists released a report
Monday documenting, with hard evidence, the
discovery of “lost lions”.
可知:但是科学家在周一公开报告文
档中指出,发现了消失的狮子
的确切证据,d选项是对红色划线部分的同义转换,c选项说的是找到狮子
消失的原因,不是文章
的主旨,为干扰选项。因此正确答案为D选项。
did the
researchers find in the National Park?
7.
A) Lions’ tracks.
B) Lions walking.
C)
Some camping facilities.
D) Traps set by local
hunters.
【答案】B
【解析】本题为推断题, 由
【7】The
researchers set out six camera traps capturing
images
of lions, and identified lion tracks.可知:研究人员在国家公园中,设置了六台照相机来捕捉狮
子的踪迹,因此正确答案为B选项。
Section B
Directions: In this
section, you will hear two long conversations. At
the end of each conversation,
you will hear
four questions. Both the conversation and the
questions will be spoken only once. After you
hear a question, you must choose the best
answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and
D). Then
mark the corresponding letter on
Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the
centre.
【听力原文】
Conversation One
M: I bet you’re looking forward to the end of
this month, aren’t you?
W: Yes, I am. How did
you know?
M: 【8】David told me you had a
special birthday coming up.
第
8
页 共 56 页
W: Oh, yes.
That’s right. This year will be my golden
birthday.
M: What does that mean? I’ve never
heard of a golden birthday.
W: I’ve actually
just learned this concept myself. Fortunately,
just in time to celebrate. A
golden or lucky
birthday is when one turns the age of their birth
date. So, for example, 【9】
my sister’s birthday
is December 9th and her golden birthday would have
been the
year she turned nine years old. Come
to think of it, my parents did throw her a
surprise party that year.
M: Interesting.
Too bad I missed mine. My golden birthday would’ve
been four years ago.
I assume you got big
plans then.
W: Actually yes. My husband is
planning a surprise holiday for the two of us next
week. I
have no idea what he’s got in mind,
but I’m excited to find out. Has he mentioned
anything to you?
M: He might have.
W:
Anything you’d like to share? 【10】 I’m dying to
know what kind of trip he has
planned or where
we’re going.
M: You know nothing at all?
W: Not a clue. Hard to imagine, isn’t it?
Though I must say, I think he’s been having even
more fun keeping the secret from me in the
past few weeks.
M: 【11】 I’m sure both of you
will have a fantastic time. Happy golden birthday!
I
can’t wait to hear all about it when you get
back.
【杀掉拦路虎】
1. assume [??sju:m]
vt. 取得(权力);承担,担任;假设,假定;呈现
2. wedding
anniversary [?wedi? ??ni?v?:s?ri]
结婚纪念
第
9
页 共 56 页
3. necklace [?neklis]
n. 项链
Questions 8 to 11 are based on the
conversation you have just heard.
is the
woman looking forward to?
8. A) A
special gift from the man.
B) A call from her
dad.
C) Her wedding anniversary.
D) Her
‘lucky birthday’.
【答案】D
【解析】本题为推断题,听完全文,不难推断出文中讨论的主题是生日, 由
【8】David told me
you had a special birthday
coming up. W: Oh, yes. That’s right. This year
will be my
golden birthday.
可知:男士说,大卫告诉我你的一
个很特别的生日要到了,女士回答道,是的,
今年的生日是我的黄金生日,因此正确答案为D选项。
did the woman’s parents do on her sister’s
lucky birthday?
9. A) Threw her a
surprise party.
B) Bought her a good necklace.
C) With a traveler’s check
D) With his
smart phone
【答案】A
【解析】本题为细节题,关键词为
sister,a surprise party
由
【9】my sister’s birthday is
December 9th
and her golden birthday would have been the year
she turned nine
years old. Come to think of
it, my parents did throw her a surprise party that
year.
可
知:这位女士的父母,在她妹妹生日的那天,给她举办了一个令人吃惊的生日聚会
,因此正确答案
为A选项。
is the woman eager to find
out about?
10. A) What her husband and
the man are up to.
B) What has been troubling
her husband.
C) The trip her husband has
planned.
第
10
页 共 56 页
D) The gift
her husband has bought.
【答案】C
【解析】本题为细节题,关键词为
dying , trip
由
【10】
I’m dying to know what kind
of trip he has
planned or where we’re going.
可知:文中女士很期待她丈夫制定的是
哪种旅
行,或者是去哪里,因此正确答案为C选项。
does the man say
at the end of the conversation?
11 . A)
He wants to find out about the couple’s holiday
plan.
B) He is eager to learn how the couple’s
holiday turns out.
C) He will tell the women
the secret if her husband agrees.
D) He will
be glad to be a guide for the couple’s holiday
trip.
【答案】B
【解析】本题为推断题, 由
【11】 I’m sure
both of you will have a fantastic time. Happy
golden birthday! I can’t wait to hear all
about it when you get back.
可知:男士先是祝
福他们玩的开心
,最后又说,我迫不及待的想知道当你们回来时候的结果,选项b,说的是这位男
士想知道这对夫妇的度
假怎么样,是对红色划线部分的同义转换,a选项是他想知道这对夫妇的计
划,此选项为干扰选项。因此
正确答案为B选项。
【听力原文】
Conversation Two
W: Mr. Green, what do you think makes a
successful negotiator?
M: Well, that’s hard to
define. But I think successful negotiators have
several things in
common. They are always
polite and rational people. They are firm but
flexible. They can
recognize power and know
how to use it. 【12】 They are sensitive to the
dynamics
of a negotiation, the way it rises
and falls and how it may change direction. They
project
the image of confidence,【13】 and
perhaps most importantly, they know when to stop.
W: And what about an unsuccessful negotiator?
M: Well, this is probably all of us when we
start out. We are probably immature and
第
11
页 共 56 页
over-
trusting, too emotional or aggressive. We are
unsure of ourselves and we want to be
liked by
everyone. 【14】 Good negotiators learn fast. Poor
negotiators remain like that
and go on losing
negotiations.
W: In your opinion, can the
skills of negotiation be taught?
M: Well, you
can teach someone how to prepare for a
negotiation. 【15】There are
perhaps six stages
in every negotiation: get to know the other side,
state your goals,
start the process, clarify
areas of disagreement or conflict, reassess your
position,
making acceptable compromises, and
finally, reach some agreement in principle.
These stages can be studied, and strategies to
be used in each can be planned beforehand.
But
I think, the really successful negotiator is
probably born with the six sense about
responding appropriately to the situation at
hand.
W: The artistic sense you’ve just
described?
M: Yes. That’s right.
【杀掉拦路虎】
1. negotiator [n??g???ie?t?(r)]
n.磋商者;交涉者;出售者;交易者
2. rational
[?r???nl]
adj. 神智清楚的;理性的;理智的;合理的;
n.
合理的事物;[数]有理数;懂道理的人,人类;
〈英〉合理的服装
3. firm
[f?:m]
adj. 坚固的,坚牢的;坚定的,坚决的;严格的;
确定的;
vt.& vi. 使坚固;使坚实;
n. 商号,商行;公司;企业;工作集体;
adv. 坚定地,稳固地;
vt. 使坚定,使牢固;
vi. 变坚实,变稳固
4. flexible [?fleks?bl]
adj.
灵活的;易弯曲的;柔韧的;易被说服的
5. dynamics [da?'n?m?ks]
n.动力学、力学;(音乐中的)力度变化;力度
强弱法;动态;动力(
dynamic的名词复数 );
力学;力度;活力
6. immature
[??m??tj??(r)]
adj.不成熟的;未完成的;粗糙的;幼小
7. emotional [i?m?u??nl]
第
12
页 共
56 页
adj. 表现强烈情感的;令人动情的;易动感情的;
感情脆弱的
8. aggressive [??ɡresiv]
adj. 侵略的,侵犯的,攻势的;
(美)有进取心
的,积极行动的;有进取心的,有闯劲的;好争斗
的,借故生端的,爱打架的,
要打架的
9. clarify [?kl?rifai]
vt.& vi.
使清楚,澄清;
vt. (尤指通过加热使黄油)纯净;说明;使(头
脑、神智等)清醒;
vi. (液体)变得澄清;净化;变得清楚
10. reassess
[?ri:??ses]
v.再估价;再评价;再课税;再摊派
11.
compromise [?k?mpr?maiz]
n.
妥协;(名誉等的)损害;妥协(或折中)方案;
折中物;
vi. 折中解决;妥协,退让;
vt. 违背(原则);连累;(尤指因行为不很明智)
使陷入危险
12. in
principle [in ?prins?pl]
原则上,基本上
13.
strategy [?str?tid?i]
n. 策略,战略;战略学
14. beforehand [bi?f?:h?nd]
adv. 事先,预先;提前;
adj. 提前的;预先准备好的
15. rival [?raiv?l,?ra?vl]
n. 对手;竞争者;
vt. 与…竞争;比得上某人;
vi. 竞争;
adj. 竞争的
16. attitude [??titju:d]
n.
态度,看法;[戏剧](表演时的)姿势
17. tough [t?f]
adj.
坚强的,坚韧的,不屈不挠的;艰苦的,困
难的,难办的;牢固的,强壮的;粗暴的;
n.
粗暴的人;暴徒,恶棍;
vt. <口>忍耐,忍受(常与out连用);
adv.
强硬地,顽强地;以强硬的态度
18. uphold [?p?h?uld]
vt.
支持;维持;赞成;支撑
19. intention [in?ten??n]
n.
意图,目的;意向;意义,意旨;[医]愈合
20. Formulate
[?f?:mjuleit]
vt. 构想出,规划;确切地阐述;用公式表示
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the
conversation you have just heard.
does the
man say about good negotiators?
12. A)
They take the rival’s attitude into account.
B) They know when to adopt a tough attitude.
C) They are sensitive to the dynamics of a
negotiation.
D) They see the importance of
making compromises.
第
13
页 共 56 页
【答案】C
【解析
】本题为细节题,全文是关于协商的对话,内容稍微专业化,对听力水平要求较高,好在本
题的难度相对
简单, 由
【12】 They are sensitive to the dynamics
of a negotiation,
可知:
他们对动态协商相对敏感,选项c是文中的原话。因此正确答案为C选项。
does the man say may be the most important thing
to a successful negotiator?
13. A) They
know when to stop.
B) They know how to adapt.
C) They know when to make compromises.
D)
They know how to control their emotion.
【答案】D
【解析】本题为细节题,关键词
most
importantly,stop
由
【13】 and perhaps most
importantly, they know when to stop.
可知:也许最
重要的就是他们知道什么时候停止,其他
三个选项文中没有出现,因此正确答案为D选项。
is a good negotiator different from a poor
one?
14. A) They are patient.
B) They
learn quickly.
C) They are good at expression.
D) They uphold their principles.
【答案】B
【解析】本题为细节题, 由
【14】 Good negotiators learn
fast. Poor negotiators remain
like that and go
on losing negotiations.
可知:好的谈判者学习很快,但是差的谈判者一直保
持原来的状态,以至于失掉谈判,选项b是对红色划线部分的总结,选项d他们坚持他们的原则,
文中出现 principle,是协商的步骤里面的,为干扰选项。因此正确答案为B选项。
is the first stage of negotiation according to the
man?
15. A) Clarify items of negotiation.
B) Make clear one's intentions.
C) Get to
know the other side.
D) Formulate one's
strategy.
【答案】C
第
14
页 共 56 页
【解析】本题为细节题,
由
【15】There are perhaps six stages in every
negotiation: get to
know the other side, state
your goals, start the process, clarify areas of
disagreement
or conflict, reassess your
position, making acceptable compromises, and
finally, reach
some agreement in
principle.
可知:协商的第一步就是要了解对方,因此正确答案为C选项。
Section C
Directions: In this section, you
will hear three passages. At the end of each
passage, you will hear
four questions. Both
the passage and the questions will be spoken only
once. After you hear a question,
you must
choose the best answer from the four choices
marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the
corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a
single line through the centre.
【听力原文】
Passage One
Some people wonder why
countries spend millions of dollars on space
projects. 【16】 They want to know how space
research helps people on
Earth. Actually,
space technology helps people on Earth every day.
This is called
“spin-off technology”.
Spin-off technology is space technology that
is now used on Earth. In early space
programs,
such as the Apollo missions of the 1960s and
1970s, 【17】and in
the space shuttle missions
today, scientists developed objects for the
astronauts to use
on the moon and in space. We
now use some of these objects every day. 【18】For
example, we have quartz crystal clocks and
watches accurate to within one minute a
year.
We purify the water we drink with a water filter
designed for the astronauts’ use in
space. The
cordless, hand-held tools we use in our homes,
such as vacuum cleaners,
flashlights, drills
and saws came from the technology of these early
space programs. On
cold winter days, we can
stay warm with battery-operated gloves and socks,
and specially
第
15
页 共 56 页
made coats
and jackets. All of these clothes are similar to
the spacesuit designs that kept
astronauts
comfortable in the temperatures of the moon, and
are spin-offs from space
technology.
These
products are only a few examples of the many ways
space technology helps us in
our everyday
lives. No one knows how new spin-off technology
from the International
Space Station will help
us in the future.
【杀掉拦路虎】
off [spin
?f]
创造新的事物而不影响原物的大小[稳定性]
2. Apollo
[?'p?l??]
n.阿波罗;太阳神;诗 太阳;美男子
3. mission
[?mi??n]
n. 代表团;使命;官方使命;布道所;
v.
给…交代任务;派遣;把任务交给;向…传教
4. shuttle [???tl]
n.
(织机的)梭子;航天飞机;(缝纫机的)滑梭;
短程穿梭运行的飞机(或火车,汽车);
vt.& vi. 穿梭般来回移动;
vt. 以短程往复方式运送(货物等);
vi. 以短程往复式运行
5. astronaut [??str?n?:t]
n. 宇航员;太空人;航天员
6. quartz crystal [kw?:ts
?krist?l]
石英晶体,水晶,水晶振子
7. accurate
[??kjurit]
adj. 精确的,准确的;正确无误的
8. purify
[?pju?rifai]
vt. 使纯净,净化;精炼;使(语言)纯正;给…赎
罪,使纯洁
9.
cordless [?k?:dl?s]
adj.(电话或电动工具)不用电线与电源相连的,
无电线的,无塞绳式的
10. hand-held [?h?nd?held]
adj.手提式的,便携式的;掌上型的
n.手提式的报话机;手提的
11. vacuum [?v?kju?m]
n.
真空,空白;<口>真空吸尘器;空间;空虚;
vt. 用真空吸尘器清扫;用真空干燥剂干燥;
adj. 真空的;用以产生真空的;利用真空的
12. flashlight
[?fl??la?t]
n.手电筒;闪光信号灯
13. saw [s?:]
n. 锯;谚语,格言;
vt.& vi. 往复移动;锯成;用锯;拉锯;
v.
看见( see的过去式);观看;领会;考虑
第
16
页 共
56 页
14. glove [ɡl?v]
n.
手套;棒球手套;拳击手套;
vt. 给…戴手套;用…的手套
15. sock
[s?k]
n. 短袜;(尤指用拳头)猛击,重击;
vt. 重击;给…穿袜
16. accurately ['?kj?r?tl?]
adv.正确无误地,准确地;精确地;如实
17. orbiting
['?:b?t??]
v.在…轨道上运行,环绕轨道运行( orbit的现在
分词
);沿轨道运行;绕转
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the
passage you have just heard.
do some people
want to know about space exploration?
16.
A) How space research benefits people on Earth.
B) When the International Space Station was
built.
C) How many space shuttle missions
there will be.
D) When America's earliest
space program started.
【答案】A
【解析】本题为推断题,
由
【 16】 They want to know how space research
helps people on
Earth. Actually, space
technology helps people on Earth every day.
可知
:他们想知道太
空研究怎样能够帮助地球上的人类,a选项是被红色划线部分的同义转换,即太空研究怎
样使地球
上的人类受益。因此正确答案为A选项。
did scientists do
for the space shuttle missions?
17. A)
They tried to make best use of the latest
technology.
B) They tried to meet
astronauts' specific requirements.
C) They
developed objects for astronauts to use in outer
space.
D) They accurately calculated the speed
of the orbiting shuttles.
【答案】C
【解析】本题为细节题, 由
【17】and in the space shuttle
missions today, scientists
developed objects
for the astronauts to use on the moon and in space
.
可知:在当今的航
天飞行任务中,科学家制造了让航天员在月球或者是在太空中使用的物品,
其他选项文中未提及。
因此正确答案为C选项。
does the speaker
say about quartz crystal clocks and watches?
第
17
页 共 56 页
18. A) They
are expensive to make.
B) They are
extremely accurate.
C) They were first
made in space.
D) They were invented in the
1970s.
【答案】B
【解析】本题为细节推断题, 由
【18】For
example, we have quartz crystal clocks and
watches accurate to within one minute a year.
可知:例如我们将石英钟在一年内的误差在一
分钟之内,言外之意就是设计的石英钟是相当准确
的,因此正确答案为B选项。
【听力原文】
Passage Two
【19】Well, if I could go back in history and
live, I’d like to go back to the 18th
century
and perhaps in colonial America in Yankee, New
England, where one of my
ancestors lived,
because it was the beginning of something.
By
the 18th century, there was a feeling of community
that had grown. My ancestor was a
preacher,
traveling around the countryside. People lived in
small communities. There were
fishermen and
farmers who provided fresh food that tasted and
looked like food, unlike
that in today’s
supermarkets, and there were small towns, and New
York wasn’t that far
away. 【20】 I’m deeply
attached to the Puritan tradition, not in a
religious sense, but
they believed in working
for something, working for goals, and I like that.
They worked hard at whatever they did, but
they had a sense of achievement. They
believed
in goodness in community and helping one another.
I love the colonial fabrics, all
the silver
work, the furnishings, the combination of elegance
and simplicity. I love it. The
printing, the
books, I’m very attached to all that kind of
thing. That may not all be very
entertaining
in the modern sense of the world, 【21】but I would
have enjoyed spending
第
18
页 共 56 页
my evenings
in that environment, discussing new ideas,
building a new world, and I
can see myself
sitting on a small chair by the fire doing
needlework.
【杀掉拦路虎】
1. colonial
[k??l?unj?l]
adj.
殖民地的;殖民地化的;[生]群体的,集群的;
英领殖民地时期的;
n.
殖民地居民;殖民时代建筑
2. Yankee [?j??ki]
n.美国佬,美国人;北部人,北方佬;(南北战
争时的)北军
adj.美国北方人的;美国佬式的
3. ancestor [??nsist?]
n. 祖先,祖宗;被继承人;原型;(动物的)原种,
先祖
4.
preacher [?pri:t??(r)]
n.传道者;牧师
5. Puritan
['pj??r?t?n]
n.清教徒,严格的人
adj.严格的,严肃的,清教徒的
6. religious [ri?lid??s]
adj.
虔诚的;笃信宗教的;宗教的;谨慎的;
n. 修士,修女,出家人
7. fabric
[?f?br?k]
n.织物;布;构造;(建筑物的)结构(如墙、
地面、屋顶):质地
8. silver [?silv?]
n. 银;银币;银制品;银色;
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage
you have just heard.
第
19
页 共 56 页
adj.
银制的;像银的;银色的;银白色的;
vt.
(在某物上)镀银;使具有银色光泽,使变成
银色
9. furnishings
[?f?:n????z]
穿戴用品;摆设儿;陈设
10. elegance
['el?ɡ?ns]
n.高雅;(举止、服饰、风格等的)优雅;精致
物品;(思考等的)简洁
11.
simplicity [sim?plisiti]
n. 简单,朴素;质朴,天真;卑贱;无知
12. entertaining [?ent??te?n??]
adj.有趣的,娱乐的,使人愉快的
v.款待,招待( entertain的现在分词
);使欢乐;
使娱乐;抱有
13. needlework [?ni:dlw?:k]
n.缝纫,刺绣,针线活
14. cultivate [?k?ltiveit]
vt. 耕作,种植;教养,栽培;改善;交朋友
15. Polishing
['p?l????]
n.(大理石雕像,铜版等)磨[抛,擦,打]光,
磨料
v.(使)光滑,擦亮( polish的现在分词 );修正;
文饰;(涂蜡等)打光滑
does the speaker say she would
like to go back and live in the 18th century
America?
19. A) Everything was
natural and genuine then.
B) People had
plenty of land to cultivate then.
C) It
marked the beginning of something new.
D)
It was when her ancestors came to America.
【答案】C
【解析】本题为细节题, 由
【19】Well, if I
could go back in history and live, I’d like to
go back to the 18th century and perhaps in
colonial America in Yankee, New England,
where
one of my ancestors lived, because it was the
beginning of something.
可知:如果
作者能够回到18世纪的美洲,
红色划线部分最后一句说出了原因,即一些新事物出现的开端,选
项c是对红色划线部分最后一句的同义
转换。因此正确答案为C选项。
does the speaker say about the
Puritans?
20. A) They were known to be
creative.
B) They enjoyed living a living a
life of ease.
C) They had all kinds of
entertainment.
D) They believed in working
for goals.
【答案】D
【解析】本题为细节题, 由
【20】 I’m
deeply attached to the Puritan tradition, not in a
religious sense, but they believed in working
for something, working for goals, and I
like t
hat.
可知:清教徒相信工作是是有目标的,这一点作者比较喜欢,选项D是对文中的同义转
换,因此正确答案为D选项。
would the speaker like doing if
she could go back to the past?
21. A)
Chatting with her ancestors.
B) Doing
needlework by the fire.
C) Furnishing her
country house.
D) Polishing all the silver
work.
【答案】D
第
20
页 共 56 页
【解析】本题为细节题,
由
【21】but I would have enjoyed spending my
evenings in that
environment, discussing new
ideas, building a new world, and I can see myself
sitting
on a small chair by the fire doing nee
dlework.
可知:作者更喜欢在那种环境下度过夜晚,谈
论一些新的想法,建立一个新的
世界坐着还能想象出自己坐在火炉旁做着针线活,选项b是对文中
的同义转换,因此正确答案为C选项。
【听力原文】
Passage Three
If you are
lost in the woods, a little knowledge can turn
what some people call a hardship
into an
enjoyable stay away from the troubles of modern
society. 【22】When you think
you are lost, sit
down on a log, or a rock, or lean against a tree,
and recite something
that you have memorized,
to bring your mind to a point where it’s under
control. Don’t run blindly. If you must move,
don’t follow a stream unless you know it,
and
in that case, you are not lost. Streams normally
flow through wetland before they
reach a lake
or a river.【23】 Though there are more eatable
plants, there may also be
wild animals,
poisonous snakes, and other hazards. 【24】 Many
experts feel that it’
s wisest to walk uphill.
At the top of most hills and mountains are trails
leading back to
civilization. If there are no
trails, you are much easier to be seen on top of a
hill, and you
may even spot a highway, or a
railroad from this point. Nowadays, the first way
someone
will search for you is by air. In a
wetland, or in dense growth, you are very hard to
spot. 【25】 Anytime you are going to the woods,
somebody should know where you are
going, and
when you are expected to return. Also, when
someone comes looking, you
should be able to
signal to them.
【杀掉拦路虎】
第
21
页 共 56 页
1. hardship
[?hɑ:d?ip]
n. 艰难;困苦;艰难情况;造成困苦与苦难的原因
2. log
[l?ɡ]
n.
记录;航海[飞行]日志;原木,木材;补给品的发
放,补给品发放的日子;
vt.&
vi. 砍伐,伐木;
vt.
把…记入航海日志;航行(…距离),飞行(…
小时);向…提供补给品
3. recite
[ri?sait]
vt.& vi. 背诵;叙述;列举;
vt. 详述,列举;吟诵;
vi. 背诵;叙述
4. blindly [?bla?ndli]
adv.盲目地;无目的地;摸索地;不继续地
5. wetland
[?wetl?nd]
n.潮湿的土壤,沼泽地;湿地;沼泽地;〈美〉
野兽保护沼地
6. eatable [?i:t?bl]
adj.可以吃的
n.食物,食品
7. poisonous [?p?iz?n?s]
adj.
有毒的;有害的;恶意的;<口>讨厌的
8. hazard [?h?z?d]
vt.
冒险;使遭受危险;
n. 危险;冒险的事;机会;双骰子游戏
9. trail
[treil]
vt. 跟踪,追踪;拖曳:让…拖或飘扬在后面;拖
沓而行;跟在…后面;
vi. (在比赛等中)输;(尤指跟在他人后面)疲
惫地走;(在比赛或其他竞赛中)落后;蔓生;
n. 足迹;臭迹;小径;一缕
10. spot [sp?t]
n.
地点,场所;斑点,污点;[股票]现货;职位,职
务;
v.
弄上污渍,弄上斑点;污辱,玷污;认出,发现;
散步;
adj.
现场的;现货的;插播的;
abbr. satellite positioning and
tracking 卫星定位
和跟踪
11. railroad [?reilr?ud]
n. 铁路,铁道;铁路系统,铁路公司;
vt.
由铁道运输;铺设铁路;以捏造不实之罪使入
狱;
vi. 在铁路工作;乘火车旅行;筑铁路
12. dense [dens]
adj. 密集的,稠密的;浓密的,浓厚的;愚钝的
13. signal [?siɡn?l]
n.
信号,暗号;预兆,征象;动机;导火线;
vt.
向…发信号;用动作(手势)示意;以信号告
知;
vi. 发信号;
adj.
显著的,优越的;暗号的,作信号用的
14. wonderland [?w?nd?l?nd]
n.仙境,奇境;奇特的地方
15. drown in [draun in]
陷于;(使)淹死于(某处);使忙于…;(声
音)压过(另一声音)
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage
you have just heard.
第
22
页 共 56 页
does the
speaker advise you to do first if you are lost in
the woods?
22. A) Sit down and try to
calm yourself.
B) Call your family or friends
for help.
C) Use a map to identify your
location.
D) Try to follow your footprints
back.
【答案】A
【解析】本题为细节题,关键词:
sit down
由
【 22】When you think you are lost, sit
down
on a log, or a rock, or lean against a
tree, and recite something that you have
memorized, to bring your mind to a point where
it’s under control.
可知:当你在森林里
认为你迷路的时候,坐在一个圆
木上,或者石头上,或者靠在树上,尝试背诵一些你记忆的东西,
让自己冷静下来,选项a是对红色划线
部分的同义转换。因此正确答案为A选项。
will happen if you follow
an unknown stream in the woods?
23. A)
You may end up entering a wonderland.
B) You
may get drowned in a sudden flood.
C) You may
expose yourself to unexpected dangers.
D) You
may find a way out without your knowing it.
【答案】C
【解析】本题为推断题, 由
【23】 Though there
are more eatable plants, there may also
be
wild animals, poisonous snakes, and other hazards.
可知:尽管那里有很多可以吃的食
物,但是那里也有野生动物,毒蛇和其他危险的事物,选项c
说的是你可能遭遇到一些未知的危险,
此选项是对红色划线部分的同义转换。因此正确答案为C选项。
do many experts think is the wisest thing to
do if you are lost in the woods?
24. A)
Walk uphill.
B) Look for food.
C) Start
a fire.
D) Wait patiently.
【答案】A
【解析】本题为细节题, 由
【24】 Many experts feel that
it’s wisest to walk uphill.
可
第
23
页 共 56 页
知:许多专家都指出,最明智的选择是往山丘上走,因此正确答案为A选项。
should you do before you go into the woods?
25. A) Check the local weather.
B) Find
a map and a compass.
C) Prepare enough food
and drink.
D) Inform somebody of your plan.
【答案】D
【解析】本题为细节题, 由
【25】 Anytime you
are going to the woods, somebody should
know
where you are going, and when you are expected to
return. Also, when someone
comes looking, you
should be able to signal to them.
可知:任何时候你要进入森林
的时候,
有人应该知道你去了哪儿和你什么时候能够回来,并且当有人来找你的时候,你应该能够及时联
系
到他们,d选项是告知其他人你的计划。因此正确答案为D选项。
Part Ⅲ
Section A
Reading
Comprehension (40 minutes)
Directions: In this section, there is a
passage with ten blanks. You are required to
select one word
for each blank from a list of
choices given in a word bank following the
passage. Read the passage
through carefully
before making your choices, Each choice in the
bank is identified by a letter. Please
mark
the corresponding letter for each item on Answer
Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You
may not use any of the words in the bank more
than once.
Questions 26 to 35 are based
on the following passage.
We all know there
exists great void(空白)in the public educational
system when it comes to
(26)_______ to
STEM(Science,Technology,Engineering
Mathematics),One educator named Dori
Roberts
decided to do something to change this system.
Dori taught high school engineering for 11
noticed there was a real void in quality STEM
education at all (27)_______ of the public
第
24
页 共 56 页
educational
system. she said,“I started Engineering for kids
(EFK)after noticing a real lack of math,
science and engineering programs to
(28)_______ my own kids in.”
She decided to
start an after school program where children
(29)_______ in STEM-based
club grew quickly
and when it reached 180 members and the kids in
the program won
several state (30)_______ .
she decided to devote all her time to cultivating
and (31)_______ it The
global business EFK was
born.
Dori began operating EFK out of her
Virginia home, which she then expanded to
(32)_______
recreation centers. Today, the EFK
program (33)_______ over 144 branches in 32 states
within the United
States and in 21 countries.
Sales have doubled from $$5 million in 2014 to $$10
million in 2015,with 25
new branches planned
for 2016. the EFK website states, “Our nation is
not (34)_______ enough
engineers. Our
philosophy is to inspire kids at a young age to
understand that engineering is a great
(35)_______ .”
注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
解析:
做选词填空题
第一步:将所选词进行动词,名词,形容词,副词分类
第二步:通读全文,了解大意,并根据空缺确定词性,从相应的词中寻找,不确定的空可以先不填
第三步:完成第二步后将剩余的空填完
第四步:检测,快速通读全文,检查错误
A) attracted
E) developing
I)
feeding
M) local
26.【答案】G
【解析】when it comes to (26)_______ to
STEM,第一个to为介词,第二个to为介词,固定用
法:when it comes to
sthto doing sth意思为当提到或涉及到某事,本空应填名词,从列表的选项中只有
B,
C,D,G,K,L选项,根据句意,当涉及到_______STEM。G选项exposure为暴露的意思
,
放在此
处可以翻译成:把这些课程摊开来说。故正确答案为G选项。
27.【答案】L
第
25
页 共 56 页
B) career
F)
enroll
J) graduating
N)
operates
C) championships
G)
exposure
K) interest
O)
participated
D) degrees
H)
feasible
L) levels
【解析】空前为介词 at ,空后介词of ,因此本空应填一个名词,又有all可知,本空应填一
个可数名词复数的形式,根据句意,她指出在所有_______公共教育体系中的STEM质量教育确实
存在一个真正的空白。再结合给出的选项,C) championships,D) degrees,L)
levels,根据上下
文内容,C,D选项排除,即她指出在所有等级公共教育体系中的STEM质量
教育确实存在一个真
正的空白。故正确答案为L选项。
28.【答案】F
【解析】I started Engineering for kids (EFK)after
noticing a real lack of math, science and
engineering programs to (28)_______ my own
kids in.可知:空前中心词是lack
名词,后面又有to,
空后为名词和介词,因此本空应填一个动词原型,再结合选项只有F)
enroll和K) interest两个
选项,K) interest固定用法be
interest in结合本空,不符合使用条件,故只有F选项,结合句意
可知,缺乏让自己的孩子
们加入的数学,科学工程课程,故正确答案为F选项。
29.【答案】O
【解析】She decided to start an after school program
where children (29)_______ in STEM-based
competitions.其中She decided to start an after
school program 为一个完整的句子, where children
(29)_______ in STEM-based
competitions.为宾语补足语,修饰an after school program本空前是名
词,
空后是介词,因此本空应为动词,又因为主句中的时态是过去时,因此需要填写一个动词过时,结<
br>合文中给出的选项,只有A) attracted ,O)
participated符合条件。根据句意,这个项目,孩子
们______ STEM-
based竞争。此处填写O) participated参与,最为合适,故正确答案为O选项。
30.【答案】O
【解析】To (30)_______ that
theory,to后面跟动词原形,再根据句意不难选出O) test
n.测试,v.测试
,
即为了测试这个理论。故正确答案为O选项。
31.【答案】J
【解析】 dried (31)_______ inside,
本空介于形容词和介词之间,应填一个名词,根据句意可
知,容器中黄色干燥的残留物,最为恰当。故正
确答案为J选项。
32.【答案】E
【解析】本空应填形容词或介词,修饰后面的名
词,32)_______lily,lily是百合花,前文列举了
一系列残留物,像大麦,本空后面
有是百合花,不能推断出百合花也是残留物中的一部分,结合文
中给出的选项,本空,应填写一个介词,
E) including
prep.包含,包括,
故正确答案为E选项。
33.【答案】L
【解析】become a (33)_______food本空
应填形容词,修饰后面的名词,再根据句意,直到2000
年前,才成为中国中部地区的_______
食物。此处填写L) staple
adj.主要的,最为通顺。
故正确答案为L
第
26
页 共 56 页
选项。
34.【答案】A
【解析】由 they indicate barley may
have (34)_______ in the region not as food,可知后面应填写
一个动词过去分词,根据句意可知,大麦进入该地区可能不是作为食物。故正确答案为A选项。
35.【答案】G
【解析】 but as
(35)_______material for beer brewing.,此处应填写形容词修饰后面
的名词,作
为啤酒酿造的_______材料。通过句意不难选出G) raw
adj.生的,未加工的,
故正确答案为G选项。
Section B
Directions: In this section, you are going to
read a passage with ten statements attached to it.
Each
statement contains information given in
one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from
which the
information is derived. You may
choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph
is marked with a
letter. Answer the questions
by marking the corresponding letter on Answer
Sheet 2.
Why aren’t you curious about
what happened?
[A] “You suspended Ray
Rice after our video,” a reporter from TMZ
challenged National Football
League
Commissioner Roger Goodell the other day. “Why
didn’t you have the curiosity to go to the
casino (赌场)yourself ?” The implication of the
question is that a more curious commissioner would
have found a way to get the tape.
[B]
【40】The accusation of incuriosity is one that we
hear often, carrying the suggestion that there is
something wrong with not wanting to search out
the truth,” have been bothered for a long time
about the
curious lack of curiosity,” said a
Democratic member of the New Jersey legislature
back in July, referring
to an insufficiently
inquiring attitude on the part of an assistant to
New Jersey Governor Chris Christie
who chose
not to ask hard questions about the George
Washington Bridge traffic scandal. “Isn’t the
mainstream media the least bit curious about
what happened?” wrote conservative writer Jennifer
Rubin
earlier this year, referring to the
attack on Americans in Benghazi, Libya.
[C] The implication, in each case, is that
curiosity is a good thing,and a lack of curiosity
is a
problem. Are such accusations simply
efforts to score political points for one’s party?
Or is there
something of particular value
about curiosity in and of itself?
第
27
页 共 56 页
[D] The
journalist Ian Leslie, in his new and enjoyable
book Curious: The Desire to Know and Why
Your
Future Depends on It, insists that the answer to
that last question is ‘Yes’.【37】Leslie argues that
curiosity is a much-overlooked human virtue,
crucial to our success, and that we are losing it.
[E] We are suffering, he writes, from a
“serendipity deficit.” The word “serendipity” was
coined by
Horace Walpole in an 1854 letter,
from a tale of three princes who “were always
making discoveries, by
accident, of things
they were not in search of.” Leslie worries that
the rise of the Internet, among other
social
and technological changes, has reduced our
appetite for aimless adventures. No longer have we
the
inclination to let ourselves wander
through fields of knowledge, ready to be
surprised. Instead, we seek
only the
information we want.
[F] Why is this a
problem?,【45】Because without curiosity we will
lose the spirit of innovation and
entrepreneurship. We will see unimaginative
governments and dying corporations make disastrous
decisions. We will lose a vital part of what
has made humanity as a whole so successful as a
species.
[G]Leslie presents considerable
evidence for the proposition that the society as a
whole is growing
less curious. In the U.S. and
Europe,【44】 for example, the rise of the Internet
has led to a declining
consumption of news
from outside the reader’s borders. But not
everything is to be blamed on
technology. The
decline in interest in literary fiction is also
one of the causes identified by Leslie.
Reading literary fiction, he says, makes us
more curious.
[H]【36】Moreover, in order
to be curious, ‘
first place.'' Although Leslie
perhaps paints a bit broadly in contending that
most of us are unaware of
how much we don’t
know, he’s surely right to point out that the
problem is growing: “Google can give us
the
powerful illusion that all questions have definite
answers.”
[I] Indeed, Google, for which
Leslie expresses admiration, is also his frequent
whipping boy (替 罪
羊)? He quotes Google co-
founder Larry Page to the effect that the “perfect
search engine” will
“understand exactly what I
mean and give me back exactly what I want.”
Elsewhere in the book, Leslie
writes: “Google
aims to save you from the thirst of curiosity
altogether.”
第
28
页 共 56 页
[J]Somewhat nostalgically (怀旧地),he quotes John
Maynard Keynes's justly famous words of
praise
to the bookstore:【43】 “One should enter it
vaguely, almost in a dream, and allow what is
there
freely to attract and influence the eye.
To walk the rounds of the bookshops, dipping in as
curiosity
dictates, should be an afternoon’s
entertainment.” If only!
[K].【42】 Citing
the work of psychologists and cognitive
(认知的)scientists,Leslie criticizes the
received
wisdom that academic success is the result of a
combination of intellectual talent and hard work.
Curiosity, he argues, is the third key
factor—and a difficult one to preserve. If not
cultivated, it will not
survive: “Childhood
curiosity is a collaboration between child and
adult. The surest way to kill it is to
leave
it alone.”
[L] School education, he warns, is
often conducted in a way that makes children
incurious. Children
of educated and upper-
middle-class parents turn out to be far more
curious, even at early ages, than
children of
working class and lower class families. .【41】That
lack of curiosity produces a relative lack of
knowledge, and the lack of knowledge is
difficult if not impossible to compensate for
later on.
[M] Although Leslie’s book
isn't about politics, he doesn't entirely shy away
from the problem.【39】
Political leaders, like
leaders of other organizations, should be curious.
They should ask questions at
crucial moments.
There are serious consequences, he warns, in not
wanting to know.
[N] He presents as an
example the failure of the George W. Bush
administration to prepare properly
for the
after-effects of the invasion of Iraq. According
to Leslie, those who ridiculed former Defense
Secretary Donald Rumsfeld for his 2002 remark
that we have to be wary of the “unknown unknowns”
were mistaken. Rumsfeld’s idea, Leslie writes,
“wasn’t absurd一it was smart.” He adds, “The
tragedy is
that he didn’t follow his own
advice.”
[O] All of which brings us back
to Goodell and the Christie case and Benghazi.
Each critic in those
examples is charging, in
a different way, that someone in authority is
intentionally being incurious. I leave
it to
the reader’s political preference to decide which,
if any, charges should stick. But let’s be careful
about demanding curiosity about the other
side’s weaknesses and remaining determinedly
incurious about
our own. 【38】We should be
delighted to pursue knowledge for its own
sake—even when what we find
第
29
页 共 56 页
out is
something we didn't particularly want to know.
注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
解析:
做段落匹配题,由于时间限制,需要快速阅读,大眼一看,就得得出答案,否则将影响后后
面的写作。
第一步:仔细阅读给出的选项36-45,
第二步:带着问题读一段文章,结合给出的选项做出选择,找不到的先放到一边,接着读下一段。
第三步:完成第二步后将剩余的没有匹配的题目
第四步:如果有时间的话可以检测一下,看有没有错误
【杀掉拦路虎】
1.
suspend [s??spend]
vt. 暂停;延缓;悬浮;
vi.
暂缓;悬浮;无力支付
2. Commission [k??mi??n]
n. 委员会,委员;[商]佣金,手续费;任命,委任;
委任状;
vt.
委任,授予;使服役;使(船)服役
3. implication
[??mpli?kei??n]
n.
含义;含蓄,含意,言外之意;卷入,牵连,牵
涉,纠缠;[逻辑学]蕴涵,蕴含
4. accusation [??kju?ze??n]
n.指责,谴责;指控,控告;(被告发、控告的)
罪名
5.
incuriosity [?n'kj??r?'?s?t?]
n.无好奇心,无关心
6. legislature [?led??sle?t??(r)]
n.立法机关;立法机构;立法部;(特指)州议
会
7.
insufficiently [??ns?'f??ntl?]
adv.不够地,不能胜任地
8. mainstream [?me?nstri:m]
n.(思想或行为的)主流;主要倾向,主要趋势
9.
conservative [k?n?s?:v?tiv]
n.
保守的人;(英国)保守党党员,保守党支持
者;
adj.
保守的;(英国)保守党的;(式样等)不时
新的
10. point for
[p?int f?:]
准备
11. virtue
[?v?:tju:]
n. 美德;德行;价值;长处
12. crucial
[?kru:?l]
adj.关键性的,极其显要的;决定性的;十字形
的
13. serendipity [?ser?n?d?p?ti]
n.意外发现珍奇事物的才能;意外新发现;巧事;
机缘凑巧
14. deficit [?defisit]
n. 不足额;赤字;亏空;亏损
15. coin [k?in]
n.
硬币;金属钱币;[建筑]拐角,墙角石;
vt. 制造硬币;杜撰;创造
16. appetite [??pitait]
第
30
页 共
56 页
n. 欲望;胃口,食欲;嗜好,爱好
17. incline
to [in?klain tu:]
向…方向弯, 倾斜;(使)具有…倾向;趋向;
归向
18. innovation [??n?u?vei??n]
n.
改革,创新;新观念;新发明;新设施
19. entrepreneurship
[,ɑntr?pr?'n???p]
企业家能力职能;企业家[主办人等]的身份[地
位、职权、能力]
20. disastrous [di?zɑ:str?s]
adj.
灾难性的;损失惨重的;极坏的;悲惨的
21. humanity
[hju:?m?niti]
n. 人类;人性;人道;人文学科
22.
proposition [?pr?p??zi??n]
n. 命题;建议;主张;
v.
提议;建议
23. identify by [ai?dentifai bai]
根据[凭借]…辨认出
24. contend
[k?n?tend]
vi. 争夺;竞争;奋斗;争斗;
vt.
声称,主张;争论,争辩;斗争,战斗
25. illusion
[i?lju:??n]
n. 错觉;幻想;错误观念;假象
26.
Indeed [in?di:d]
adv.
的确,确实,实在;实际上,真正地;真的,
真是;甚至
27. vaguely
[?ve?gli]
adv.含糊地;茫然地;暧昧的
28.
dictate [dik?teit]
vt. 口述;命令,指示;使听写;控制,支配;
vi. 口述;命令n. 命令;指示;指导原则
29. criticize [?kritisaiz]
vt.& vi.
分析,评估;批评;挑剔
30. intellectual
[??nti?lektju?l]
adj. 智力的;有才智的;需用智力的;智力发达的;
n. 知识分子;脑力劳动者;有极高智力的人;凭理
智(而非感情)办事的人
31. compensate for [?k?mpenseit f?:]
赔偿,补偿损失;取偿;抵补
32. administration
[ ?d?minis?trei??n]
n.
管理;实行;(政府)行政机关;(法律、处罚
等的)施行
33.
invasion [in?vei??n]
n. 入侵,侵略;侵害,侵犯;侵袭;[医]发病
34. ridicule [?r?d??kju:l]
n.
嘲笑;奚落;嘲弄;戏弄;
vt. 嘲笑,嘲弄,奚落;使…受嘲笑;取笑
35. remark [ri?mɑ:k]
n. 注意,观察;话语;评论,谈论,;
vt.& vi. 评论;觉察
36. absurd [?b?s?:d]
adj. 荒谬的;荒唐的;无理性的,杂乱无章的;荒诞
主义的,荒诞的;
n.
无价值,无意义
37. tragedy [?tr?d?idi]
n.
悲剧,惨剧;悲剧文学;悲剧理论,悲剧表演艺
术;悲剧式作品
38. in
authority [in ?:?θ?riti]
持有权力的地位;有权利
39. intentionally [?n'ten??n?l?]
adv.有意地,故意地
40. pursue [p??sju:]
vt. 继续;追求;进行;追捕;
第
31
页 共 56
页
vi. 追,追赶;继续进行
41.
diligence [?d?l?d??ns]
n.勤勉,勤奋
42. innovative [??n?ve?t?v]
adj.革新的;创新的;富有革新精神的;创新立
异
36. To be
curious, we need to realize first of all that
there are many things we don’t know.
【答案】H
【解析】关键词:first of all 根据【36】Moreover, in order
to be curious, ‘
in your knowledge in the first
place,.可定位到H段,因此正确答案为H选项。
37. According
to Leslie,curiosity is essential to one’s
success.
【答案】D
【解析】关键词:Leslie,curiosity, success.根据【37】Leslie
argues that curiosity is a much-overlooked
human virtue, crucial to our success, and that
we are losing it 可定位到D段,.因此正确答案为D选项。
38.
We should feel happy when we pursue knowledge for
knowledge's sake.
【答案】O
【解析】】关键词: happy ,
pursue根据【38】We should be delighted to pursue
knowledge for its own
sake—even when what we
find out is something we didn't particularly want
to know.可定位到O段,
因此正确答案为O选项。
39.
Political leaders' lack of curiosity will result
in bad consequences.
【答案】M
【解析】关键词:lack of curiosity,bad
consequences.根据【39】Political leaders, like leaders
of other
organizations, should be curious.
They should ask questions at crucial moments.
There are serious
consequences, he warns, in
not wanting to know可定位到M段,因此正确答案为M选项。
40.
There are often accusations about politicians’ and
the media’s lack of curiosity to find out the
truth.
【答案】B
【解析】关键词:lack of
curiosity, find out the truth.根据 【40】The
accusation of incuriosity is one that
we hear
often, carrying the suggestion that there is
something wrong with not wanting to search out the
truth,”可定位到B段,因此正确答案为B选项。
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41. The
less curious a child is, the less knowledge the
child may turn out to have.
【答案】L
【解析】关键词: less curious , less
knowledge根据【41】That lack of curiosity produces a
relative lack
of knowledge, and the lack of
knowledge is difficult if not impossible to
compensate for later on.可定位
到L段,因此正确答案为L选项。
42. It is widely accepted that academic
accomplishment lies in both intelligence and
diligence.
【答案】K
【解析】关键词:widely
accepted , academic accomplishment根据【42】 Citing
the work of
psychologists and cognitive
(认知的)scientists,Leslie criticizes the received
wisdom that academic
success is the result of
a combination of intellectual talent and hard
work. 可定位到K段,因此正确答
案为K选项。
43.
Visiting a bookshop as curiosity leads us can be a
good way to entertain ourselves.
【答案】J
【解析】根据【43】 “One should enter it vaguely,
almost in a dream, and allow what is there freely
to
attract and influence the eye. To walk the
rounds of the bookshops, dipping in as curiosity
dictates, should
be an afternoon’s
entertainment.”可定位到J段,因此正确答案为J选项。
44.
Both the rise of the Internet and reduced appetite
for literary fiction contribute to people’s
declining
curiosity.
【答案】G
【解析】关键词:declining curiosity.根据【44】 for
example, the rise of the Internet has led to a
declining consumption of news from outside the
reader’s borders. 可定位到G段,
因此正确答案为G选项。
45. Mankind wouldn't be so innovative without
curiosity.
【答案】F
【解析】关键词: innovative,
without curiosity..根据【45】Because without curiosity
we will lose the
spirit of innovation and
entrepreneurship.可定位到F段,因此正确答案为F选项。
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Section
C
Directions: There are 2 passages in this
section. Each passage is followed by some
questions or
unfinished statements. For each
of them there are four choices marked A), B), C)
and D). You should
decide on the best choice
and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet
2with a single line through
the centre.
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based
on the following passage.
【46】Aging happens to
all of us, and is generally thought of as a
natural part of life. It would seem
silly to
call such a thing a “disease.”
On the other
hand, scientists are increasingly learning that
aging and biological age are two different
things, and that the former is a key risk
factor for conditions such as heart disease,
cancer and many more.
【47】 In that light, aging
itself might be seen as something treatable, the
way you would treat high blood
pressure or a
vitamin deficiency.
【48】Biophysicist Alex
Zhavoronkov believes that aging should be
considered a disease. He said
that describing
aging as a disease creates incentives to develop
treatments.
“It unties the hands of the
pharmaceutical (制药的)industry so that they can
begin treating the
disease and not just the
side effects,” he said.
‘‘Right now, people
think of aging as natural and something you can’t
control:’ he said. “In academic
circles,
people take aging research as just an interest
area where they can try to develop
interventions.
【49】 The medical community also
takes aging for granted, and can do nothing about
it except keep
people within a certain health
range.”
But if aging were recognized as a
disease, he said, “It would attract funding and
change the way we
do health care. What matters
is understanding that aging is curable.”
“It
was always known that the body accumulates
damage,” he added. “The only way to cure aging is
to find ways to repair that damage. I think of
it as preventive medicine for age-related
conditions.''
【50】Leonard Hayflick, a
professor at the University of California, San
Francisco, said the idea that
aging can be
cured implies the human lifespan can be increased,
which some researchers suggest is
possible.
Hay flick is not among them.
“There’re many
people who recover from cancer, stroke, or heart
disease. But they continue to age,
because
aging is separate from their disease,” Hayflick
said. “Even if those causes of death were
第
34
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eliminated,
life expectancy would still not go much beyond 92
years.”
注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
【杀掉拦路虎】
1. Aging ['e?d???]
n.老化;老龄化;(酒等的)陈化;熟化
v.使变老;(使)长大( age的现在分词 );使显
老;使变老;使苍老
2. risk factor [risk ?f?kt?]
危险度,危险因素
3. treatable [?tri:t?b?l]
adj.能治疗的
4. vitamin deficiency
[?vit?min di?fi??nsi]
维生素缺乏
5.
incentive [?n?sent?v]
n.动机;刺激;诱因;鼓励
adj.刺激性的;鼓励性质的
6. intervention
[??nt?'ven?n]
n.介入,干涉,干预;调解,排解
46. What do people generally believe about
aging?
A) It should cause no alarm
whatsoever.
B) They just cannot do
anything about it.
C) It should be
regarded as a kind of disease.
D) They can
delay it with advances in science.
【答案】B
【解析】本题为细节题, 由【46】Aging happens to all of us,
and is generally thought of as a natural part
of life. It would seem silly to call such a
thing a “disease.”可知:衰老发生在我们身上。它通常被认为
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7. funding [?f?nd??]
n.用发行长期债券的方法来收回短期债券;提供
资金
v.提供资金;“fund”的现在分词
8. curable
[?kj??r?bl]
adj.可治愈的
9.
accumulate [??kju:mjuleit]
vt.& vi. 堆积,积累;
vi. (数量)逐渐增加,(质量)渐渐提高
10. cured
['kj??d]
n.治愈的
v.治愈( cure的过去式和过去分词
);矫正;解
决;消除
11. be eliminated
被淘汰
12. life expectancy [laif
?k?spekt?nsi:]
n.平均寿命;预期寿命
是生命中的自然现
象。由此可知,衰老是自然现象,人们对它无能为力。符合B选项。因此正确
答案为B选项。
47. How do many scientists view aging now?
A) It might be prevented and treated.
B) It can be as risky as heart disease.
C) It results from a vitamin deficiency.
D) It is an irreversible biological process.
【答案】A
【解析】本题为细节题, 由【47】 In that light,
aging itself might be seen as something treatable,
the way
you would treat high blood pressure or
a vitamin deficiency.可知:衰老本身是可以治愈的,就像治疗
高血压和维生素
缺乏症一样。由此可知衰老可以被预防和治疗。因此正确答案为A选项。
48.
What does Alex Zhavoronkov think of“describing
aging as a disease”?
A) It will prompt
people to take aging more seriously.
B) It
will greatly help reduce the side effects of
aging.
C) It will free pharmacists from
the conventional beliefs about aging.
D)
It will motivate doctors and pharmacists to find
ways to treat aging.
【答案】D
【解析】本题为推理题,
由【48】Biophysicist Alex Zhavoronkov believes that
aging should be
considered a disease. He said
that describing aging as a disease creates
incentives to develop treatments.
可知: Alex Zha
voronkov认为将衰老描述成一种疾病,会产生发展治疗的动力。与D选项意义符
合。因此正确答
案为D选项。
49. What do we learn about the
medical community?
A) They now have a
strong interest in research on aging.
B)
They differ from the academic circles in their
view on aging.
C) They can contribute to
people’s health only to a limited extent.
D) They have ways to intervene in people's
aging process.
【答案】C
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【解析】本题为细节题,
由【49】 The medical community also takes aging for
granted, and
can do nothing about it except
keep people within a certain health
range.”可知:
医学界认为衰老是理所当然的,他们只能让人们保持在一定的健康范围内,
其他的什么也做不了。与C选
项中的关键词:a limited
extent相对应.。因此正确答案为C选项。
50. What does Professor Leonard Hay flick
believe?
A) The human lifespan cannot be
prolonged.
B) Aging is hardly separable
from disease.
C) Few people can live up to
the age of 92.
D) Heart disease is the
major cause of aging.
【答案】A
【解析】本题为细节题, 由【50】Leonard Hayflick, a professor
at the University of California, San
Francisco, said the idea that aging can be
cured implies the human lifespan can be increased,
which some
researchers suggest is possible.
Hay flick is not among them.可知:Leonard Hayflick, 说
衰老可以治愈
的想法,意味着人的寿命可以延长。一些研究人员认为是可能的,但他却不这样认为。,因
此正确
答案为A选项。
Passage Two
Questions
51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
【51】Female applicants to postdoctoral
positions in geosciences were nearly half as
likely to receive
excellent letters of
recommendation,compared with their male
counterparts. Christopher Intagliata
reports.
As in many other fields, gender bias is
widespread in the sciences. Men score higher
starting salaries,
have more mentoring
(指导),and have better odds of being hired.【52】
Studies show they’re also
perceived as more
competent than women in STEM (Science, Technology,
Engineering, and Mathematics)
fields. And new
research reveals that men are more likely to
receive excellent letters of recommendation,
too.
“Say,you know, this is the best
student I’ve ever had,” says Kuheli Dutt, a social
scientist and
diversity officer at Columbia
University’s Lamont campus. “Compare those
excellent letters with a
merely good letter:
'The candidate was productive, or intelligent, or
a solid scientist or something that’s
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37
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clearly solid
praise,’ 【53】but nothing that singles out the
candidate as exceptional or one of a kind.”
【54】Dutt and her colleagues studied more than
1,200 letters of recommendation for postdoctoral
positions in geoscience. They were all edited
for gender and other identifying information, so
Dutt and
her team could assign them a score
without knowing the gender of the student. They
found that female
applicants were only half as
likely to get outstanding letters, compared with
their male counterparts. That
includes letters
of recommendation from all over the world, and
written by, yes, men and women. The
findings
are in the journal Nature Geoscience.
Dutt
says they were not able to evaluate the actual
scientific qualifications of the applicants using
the
data in the files. But she says the
results still suggest women in geoscience are at a
potential disadvantage
from the very beginning
of their careers starting with those less than
outstanding letters of
recommendation.
“We’re not trying to assign blame or criticize
anyone or call anyone consciously sexist.
【55】Rather,
the point is to use the results of
this study to open up meaningful dialogues on
implicit gender bias, be it
at a departmental
level or an institutional level or even a
discipline level.” Which may lead to some
recommendations for the letter writers
themselves.
注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
【杀掉拦路虎】
1. postdoctoral [?p??st?d?kt?r?l]
adj.博士后的
2. geoscience
[?d?i:??'sa??ns]
n.地球科学;地学
3.
letter of recommendation [?let? ?v
?rek?men?
dei??n]
推荐书,保荐书,介绍书
4. gender [?d?end?(r)]
n.语 性某些语言的(阳性、阴性和中性
,不同
的性有不同的词尾等);性别;某些语言的(名
词、代词和形容词)性的区分
5. bias [?ba??s]
n.偏见;偏爱,爱好;倾向;斜纹
vt.使倾向于;使有偏见;影响;加偏压于
adj.斜纹的;斜的,倾斜的;斜裁的
adv.偏斜地,倾斜地;对角地
6. odds [?dz]
n.希望,可能性;几率,胜算;掣肘的事情;逆
境
7.
perceive [p??si:v]
v. 意识到;察觉,发觉;理解
8.
competent [?k?mpit?nt]
adj.
有能力的,能胜任的;能干的,称职的;足够
的,充足的;有决定权的
9.
reveal [ri?vi:l]
vt. 显露;揭露;泄露;[神]启示;
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38
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n. 揭示,展现;[建]门侧,窗侧
10.
diversity [da??v?:s?ti]
n.多样化,(人在种族、民族、宗教等方面的)
多样性;差异;分歧
11. solid [?s?lid]
adj.
固体的;实心的;结实的,可靠的;可信赖的;
n. 固体;立体图形;立方体
12. exceptional [ik?sep??nl]
adj.
优越的;杰出的;例外的;独特的;
n. 超常的学生
13.
identifying information
辨识信息
14. qualification [?kw?lifi?kei??n]
n.
资格,授权;条件,限制;合格证书n. 资格;
限制;学历
15.
consciously ['k?n??sl?]
adv.有意识地;自觉地
16. dialogue ['da??l?ɡ]
n.对话;(文学、戏剧、电影等中的)对话;对
白;意见分歧者之间的意见交换
vt.用对话表达
vi.对话;进行非正式的意见交换
17. implicit [?m?pl?s?t]
adj.不言明[含蓄]的;无疑问的,绝对的;成为
一部份的;内含的
51.
What do we learn about applicants to postdoctoral
positions in geosciences?
A) There are many
more men applying than women.
B) Chances for
women to get the positions are scarce.
C) More
males than females are likely to get outstanding
letters of recommendation.
D) Male applicants
have more interest in these positions than their
female counterparts.
【答案】C
【解析】本题为细节题,
由【51】Female applicants to postdoctoral positions
in geosciences were nearly
half as likely to
receive excellent letters of
recommendation,compared with their male
counterparts.
Christopher Intagliata reports.可
知:与男性相比,地球学科博士后的女性申请者获得优秀推荐信的
可能几乎是男性的一半。所以男性获得
优秀推荐信的可能更高。因此正确答案为C选项。
52. What do
studies about men and women in scientific research
show?
A) Women engaged in postdoctoral work
are quickly catching up.
B) Fewer women are
applying for postdoctoral positions due to gender
bias.
C) Men are believed to be better able to
excel in STEM disciplines.
D) Women who are
keenly interested in STEM fields are often
exceptional.
【答案】C
【解析】本题为细节题, 由【52】
Studies show they’re also perceived as more
competent than women
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39
页 共 56 页
in STEM
(Science, Technology, Engineering, and
Mathematics) fields.
可知:研究表明,他们在科学领
域比女性更有能力。与C选项相照应。因此正确答案为C选项。
53. What do the studies find about the
recommendation letters for women applicants?
A) They are hardly ever supported by concrete
examples.
B) They contain nothing that
distinguishes the applicants.
C) They provide
objective information without exaggeration.
D)
They are often filled with praise for exceptional
applicants.
【答案】B
【解析】本题为细节题, 由【53】but
nothing that singles out the candidate as
exceptional or one of a
kind.”可知:但是这些不能让申请者作为例外被挑选出来。因此正确答案为B选项。
54. What did Dutt and her colleagues do with
the more than 1,200 letters of recommendation?
A) They asked unbiased scholars to evaluate
them.
B) They invited women professionals to
edit them.
C) They assigned them randomly to
reviewers.
D) They deleted all information
about gender.
【答案】D
【解析】本题为细节题, 由【54】Dutt
and her colleagues studied more than 1,200 letters
of
recommendation for postdoctoral positions
in geoscience. They were all edited for gender and
other
identifying information, so Dutt and her
team could assign them a score without knowing the
gender of
the student. 可知:她和她的同事隐去了关于申请者的性别和信息
。所以她和她的同事并不知道申
请者的性别。所以他们删除了申请者的性别信息。因此正确答案为D选项
。
55. What does Dutt aim to do with her
study?
A) Raise recommendation writers’
awareness of gender bias in their letters.
B) Open up fresh avenues for women post-
doctors to join in research work.
C) Alert
women researchers to all types of gender bias in
the STEM disciplines.
D) Start a public
discussion on how to raise women's status in
academic circles.
【答案】A
【解析】本题为细节题, 由
【55】Rather, the point is to use the results of
this study to open up
第
40
页 共 56 页
meaningful
dialogues on implicit gender bias, be it at a
departmental level or an institutional level or
even
a discipline level.” Which may lead to
some recommendations for the letter writers themse
lves.可知:他
们要利用这项实验结果,对暗含的性别偏见展开对话。因此正确答案为A选项。
P
art IV
Translation (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30
minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into
English. You should write your answer on
Answer Sheet 2.
黄山位于安徽省南部。它风景独特,尤以其日出和云海著
称。要欣赏大山的宏伟壮丽,通常得
向上看。但要欣赏黄山美景,就得向下看。黄山的湿润气候有利于茶
树生长,是中国主要产茶地之
一。这里还有许多温泉,其泉水有助于防治皮肤病。黄山是中国主要旅游目
的地之一,也是摄影和
传统国画最受欢迎的主题。
注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
【参考答案】
Huangshan is located in the south of Anhui
Province. Its scenery is unique, especially
for its sunrise and the sea of clouds. To
appreciate the grandeur of the mountains, you
usually have to look up. But to enjoy the
beautiful scenery of Huangshan, you have to look
down. The humid climate of Huangshan is
favorable to the growth of tea trees and is one
of the main tea producing areas in China.
There are also many hot springs whose springs
help prevent and cure skin diseases. Huangshan
is one of the major tourist destinations in
China, as well as the most popular subject of
photography and traditional Chinese
painting.
第
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2017年12月大学英语四级真题试题一(完整版)
Part I
Writing (25 minutes)
(请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分,之后将进行听力考试)
Directions:
For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write
an a short easy on how to best handle the
relationship between doctors and patients. You
should write at least 120 words but no more than
180
words.
Part II
Listening Comprehension (30
minutes)
Section A
Directions:
In
this section, you will hear three news reports. At
the end of each news report, you will
hear two
or three questions. Both the news report and
questions will be spoken only once. After you hear
questions, you must choose the best answer
from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D).
Then mark
the corresponding letter on Answer
Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
注意:此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
Questions 1 to 2 are
based on the new report you have just heard.
2. A) Her grandfather.
B) Her
grandfather.
C) Her friend Erika.
D)
Her little brother.
2. A) By taking
pictures for passers-by.
B) By selling
lemonade and pictures.
C) By working part time
at a hospital.
D) By asking for help on social
media.
Questions 3 to 4 are based on the
new report you have just heard.
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3. A)
Testing the efficiency of the new solar panel.
B) Providing clean energy to five million
people.
C) Generating electric power for
passing vehicles.
D) Finding cheaper ways
of highway construction.
4. A) They are
made from cheap materials.
B) They are only
about half an inch thick.
C) They can be
laid right on top of existing highways.
D)
A) They can stand the wear and tear of natural
elements.
Questions 5 to 7 are based on
the new report you have just heard.
5. A)
The lack of clues about the species.
B)
Endless fighting in the region.
C)
Inadequate funding for research.
D) The
hazards from the desert.
6. A) To
observe the wildlife in the two national parks.
B) To study the habitat of lions in Sudan and
Ethiopia.
C) To identify the reasons for the
lions’ disappearance.
D) To find evidence of
the existence of the “lost lions”.
7.
A) Lions’ tracks.
B) Lions walking.
C)
Some camping facilities.
D) Traps set by local
hunters.
Section B
Directions: In this
section, you will hear two long conversations. At
the end of each conversation,
you will hear
four questions. Both the conversation and the
questions will be spoken only once. After you
hear a question, you must choose the best
answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and
D). Then
mark the corresponding letter on
Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the
centre.
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Questions 8 to 11 are based on the
conversation you have just heard.
8. A)
A special gift from the man.
B) A call from
her dad.
C) Her wedding anniversary.
D)
Her ‘lucky birthday’.
9. A) Threw her a
surprise party.
B) Bought her a good necklace.
C) With a traveler’s check
D) With his
smart phone
10. A) What her husband and
the man are up to.
B) What has been troubling
her husband.
C) The trip her husband has
planned.
D) The gift her husband has bought.
11 . A) He wants to find out about the
couple’s holiday plan.
B) He is eager to learn
how the couple’s holiday turns out.
C) He will
tell the women the secret if her husband agrees.
D) He will be glad to be a guide for the
couple’s holiday trip.
Questions 12 to 15
are based on the conversation you have just heard.
12. A) They take the rival’s attitude into
account.
B) They know when to adopt a tough
attitude.
C) They are sensitive to the
dynamics of a negotiation.
D) They see the
importance of making compromises.
13. A)
They know when to stop.
B) They know how to
adapt.
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C) They know
when to make compromises.
D) They know how to
control their emotion.
14. A) They are
patient.
B) They learn quickly.
C) They
are good at expression.
D) They uphold their
principles.
15. A) Clarify items of
negotiation.
B) Make clear one's intentions.
C) Get to know the other side.
D)
Formulate one's strategy.
Section C
Directions: In this section, you will hear
three passages. At the end of each passage, you
will hear
four questions. Both the passage and
the questions will be spoken only once. After you
hear a question,
you must choose the best
answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and
D). Then mark the
corresponding letter on
Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the
centre.
Questions 16 to 18 are based on
the passage you have just heard.
16. A) How
space research benefits people on Earth.
B)
When the International Space Station was built.
C) How many space shuttle missions there will
be.
D) When America's earliest space program
started.
17. A) They tried to make best
use of the latest technology.
B) They
tried to meet astronauts' specific requirements.
C) They developed objects for astronauts to
use in outer space.
D) They accurately
calculated the speed of the orbiting shuttles.
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20. A) They
are expensive to make.
B) They are
extremely accurate.
C) They were first
made in space.
D) They were invented in the
1970s.
Questions 19 to 21 are based on
the passage you have just heard.
21. A)
Everything was natural and genuine then.
B) People had plenty of land to cultivate then.
C) It marked the beginning of something
new.
D) It was when her ancestors came to
America.
20. A) They were known to be
creative.
B) They enjoyed living a living a
life of ease.
C) They had all kinds of
entertainment.
D) They believed in working
for goals.
21. A) Chatting with her
ancestors.
B) Doing needlework by the fire.
C) Furnishing her country house.
D)
Polishing all the silver work.
Questions
22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just
heard.
22. A) Sit down and try to calm
yourself.
B) Call your family or friends for
help.
C) Use a map to identify your location.
D) Try to follow your footprints back.
23. A) You may end up entering a wonderland.
B) You may get drowned in a sudden flood.
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C) You may
expose yourself to unexpected dangers.
D) You
may find a way out without your knowing it.
24. A) Walk uphill.
B) Look for food.
C) Start a fire.
D) Wait patiently.
25. A) Check the local weather.
B) Find
a map and a compass.
C) Prepare enough food
and drink.
D) Inform somebody of your plan.
Part Ⅲ
Section A
Reading
Comprehension (40 minutes)
Directions: In this section, there is a
passage with ten blanks. You are required to
select one word
for each blank from a list of
choices given in a word bank following the
passage. Read the passage
through carefully
before making your choices, Each choice in the
bank is identified by a letter. Please
mark
the corresponding letter for each item on Answer
Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You
may not use any of the words in the bank more
than once.
Questions 26 to 35 are based
on the following passage.
We all know there
exists great void(空白)in the public educational
system when it comes to
(26)_______ to
STEM(Science,Technology,Engineering
Mathematics),One educator named Dori
Roberts
decided to do something to change this system.
Dori taught high school engineering for 11
noticed there was a real void in quality stem
education at all (27)_______ of the public
educational system. she said,“I started
Engineering for kids (EFK)after noticing a real
lack of math,
science and engineering programs
to (28)_______ my own kids in.”
She decided to
start an after school program where children
(29)_______ in STEM-based
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club grew
quickly and when it reached 180 members and the
kids in the program won
several state
(30)_______ . she decided to devote all her time
to cultivating and (31)_______ it The
global
business EFK was born.
Dori began operating
EFK out of her Virginia home, which she then
expanded to (32)_______
recreation centers.
Today, the EFK program (33)_______ over 144
branches in 32 states within the United
States
and in 21 countries. Sales have doubled from $$5
million in 2014 to $$10 million in 2015,with 25
new branches planned for 2016. the EFK website
states, “Our nation is not (34)_______ enough
engineers. Our philosophy is to inspire kids
at a young age to understand that engineering is a
great
(35)_______ .”
注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
A) attracted
E) developing
I) feeding
M) local
B)
career
F) enroll
J) graduating
N) operates
C) championships
G) exposure
K) interest
O)
participated
D) degrees
H)
feasible
L) levels
Section B
Directions: In this section, you are going to
read a passage with ten statements attached to it.
Each
statement contains information given in
one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from
which the
information is derived. You may
choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph
is marked with a
letter. Answer the questions
by marking the corresponding letter on Answer
Sheet 2.
Why aren’t you curious about
what happened?
[A] “You suspended Ray
Rice after our video,” a reporter from TMZ
challenged National Football
League
Commissioner Roger Goodell the other day. “Why
didn’t you have the curiosity to go to the
casino (赌场)yourself ?” The implication of the
question is that a more curious commissioner would
have found a way to get the tape.
[B]
The accusation of incuriosity is one that we hear
often, carrying the suggestion that there is
something wrong with not wanting to search out
the truth,” have been bothered for a long time
about the
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curious lack
of curiosity,” said a Democratic member of the New
Jersey legislature back in July, referring
to
an insufficiently inquiring attitude on the part
of an assistant to New Jersey Governor Chris
Christie
who chose not to ask hard questions
about the George Washington Bridge traffic
scandal. “Isn’t the
mainstream media the least
bit curious about what happened?” wrote
conservative writer Jennifer Rubin
earlier
this year, referring to the attack on Americans in
Benghazi, Libya.
[C] The implication, in
each case, is that curiosity is a good thing,and a
lack of curiosity is a
problem. Are such
accusations simply efforts to score political
points for one’s party? Or is there
something
of particular value about curiosity in and of
itself?
[D] The journalist Ian Leslie, in
his new and enjoyable book Curious: The Desire to
Know and Why
Your Future Depends on It,
insists that the answer to that last question is
‘Yes’. Leslie argues that
curiosity is a much-
overlooked human virtue, crucial to our success,
and that we are losing it.
[E] We are
suffering, he writes, from a “serendipity
deficit.” The word “serendipity” was coined by
Horace Walpole in an 1854 letter, from a tale
of three princes who “were always making
discoveries, by
accident, of things they were
not in search of.” Leslie worries that the rise of
the Internet, among other
social and
technological changes, has reduced our appetite
for aimless adventures. No longer have we the
inclination to let ourselves wander through
fields of knowledge, ready to be surprised.
Instead, we seek
only the information we want.
[F] Why is this a problem? Because
without curiosity we will lose the spirit of
innovation and
entrepreneurship. We will see
unimaginative governments and dying corporations
make disastrous
decisions. We will lose a
vital part of what has made humanity as a whole so
successful as a species.
[G]Leslie
presents considerable evidence for the proposition
that the society as a whole is growing
less
curious. In the U.S. and Europe, for example, the
rise of the Internet has led to a declining
consumption of news from outside the reader’s
borders. But not everything is to be blamed on
technology. The decline in interest in
literary fiction is also one of the causes
identified by Leslie.
Reading literary
fiction, he says, makes us more curious.
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[H] Moreover,
in order to be curious, ‘
place.'' Although
Leslie perhaps paints a bit broadly in contending
that most of us are unaware of how
much we
don’t know, he’s surely right to point out that
the problem is growing: “Google can give us the
powerful illusion that all questions have
definite answers.”
[I] Indeed, Google,
for which Leslie expresses admiration, is also his
frequent whipping boy (替 罪
羊)? He quotes Google
co-founder Larry Page to the effect that the
“perfect search engine” will
“understand
exactly what I mean and give me back exactly what
I want.” Elsewhere in the book, Leslie
writes:
“Google aims to save you from the thirst of
curiosity altogether.”
[J]Somewhat
nostalgically (怀旧地),he quotes John Maynard
Keynes's justly famous words of
praise to the
bookstore: “One should enter it vaguely, almost in
a dream, and allow what is there freely
to
attract and influence the eye. To walk the rounds
of the bookshops, dipping in as curiosity
dictates,
should be an afternoon’s
entertainment.” If only!
[K] Citing the
work of psychologists and cognitive
(认知的)scientists,Leslie criticizes the
re-
ceived wisdom that academic success is the
result of a combination of intellectual talent and
hard work.
Curiosity, he argues, is the third
key factor—and a difficult one to preserve. If not
cultivated, it will not
survive: “Childhood
curiosity is a collaboration between child and
adult. The surest way to kill it is to
leave
it alone.”
[L] School education, he warns, is
often conducted in a way that makes children
incurious. Children
of educated and upper-
middle-class parents turn out to be far more
curious, even at early ages, than
children of
working class and lower class families. That lack
of curiosity produces a relative lack of
knowledge, and the lack of knowledge is
difficult if not impossible to compensate for
later on.
[M] Although Leslie’s book
isn't about politics, he doesn't entirely shy away
from the problem.
Political leaders, like
leaders of other organizations, should be curious.
They should ask questions at
crucial moments.
There are serious consequences, he warns, in not
wanting to know.
[N] He presents as an
example the failure of the George W. Bush
administration to prepare properly
for the
after-effects of the invasion of Iraq. According
to Leslie, those who ridiculed former Defense
第
50
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Secretary
Donald Rumsfeld for his 2002 remark that we have
to be wary of the “unknown unknowns”
were
mistaken. Rumsfeld’s idea, Leslie writes, “wasn’t
absurd一it was smart.” He adds, “The tragedy is
that he didn’t follow his own advice.”
[O] All of which brings us back to Goodell and
the Christie case and Benghazi. Each critic in
those
examples is charging, in a different
way, that someone in authority is intentionally
being incurious. I leave
it to the reader’s
political preference to decide which, if any,
charges should stick. But let’s be careful
about demanding curiosity about the other
side’s weaknesses and remaining determinedly
incurious about
our own. We should be
delighted to pursue knowledge for its own
sake—even when what we find out is
something
we didn't particularly want to know.
注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
46. To be curious,
we need to realize first of all that there are
many things we don’t know.
47. According
to Leslie, curiosity is essential to one’s
success.
48. We should feel happy when we
pursue knowledge for knowledge's sake.
49. Political leaders' lack of curiosity will
result in bad consequences.
50. There are
often accusations about politicians’ and the
media’s lack of curiosity to find out the
truth.
51. The less curious a child is,
the less knowledge the child may turn out to
have.
52. It is widely accepted that
academic accomplishment lies in both intelligence
and diligence.
53. Visiting a bookshop as
curiosity leads us can be a good way to entertain
ourselves.
54. Both the rise of the
Internet and reduced appetite for literary fiction
contribute to people’s declining
curiosity.
55. Mankind wouldn't be so
innovative without curiosity.
Section C
Directions: There are 2 passages in this
section. Each passage is followed by some
questions or
unfinished statements. For each
of them there are four choices marked A), B), C)
and D). You should
decide on the best choice
and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet
2with a single line through
the centre.
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based
on the following passage.
第
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Aging happens
to all of us, and is generally thought of as a
natural part of life. It would seem silly to
call such a thing a “disease.”
On the
other hand, scientists are increasingly learning
that aging and biological age are two different
things, and that the former is a key risk
factor for conditions such as heart disease,
cancer and many more.
In that light, aging
itself might be seen as something treatable, the
way you would treat high blood
pressure or a
vitamin deficiency.
Biophysicist Alex
Zhavoronkov believes that aging should be
considered a disease. He said that
describing
aging as a disease creates incentives to develop
treatments.
“It unties the hands of the
pharmaceutical (制药的)industry so that they can
begin treating the
disease and not just the
side effects,” he said.
‘‘Right now, people
think of aging as natural and something you can’t
control:’ he said. “In academic
circles,
people take aging research as just an interest
area where they can try to develop interventions.
The
medical community also takes aging for
granted, and can do nothing about it except keep
people within a
certain health range.”
But
if aging were recognized as a disease, he said,
“It would attract funding and change the way we
do health care. What matters is understanding
that aging is curable.”
“It was always known
that the body accumulates damage,” he added. “The
only way to cure aging is
to find ways to
repair that damage. I think of it as preventive
medicine for age-related conditions.''
Leonard
Hayflick, a professor at the University of
California, San Francisco, said the idea that
aging
can be cured implies the human lifespan
can be increased, which some researchers suggest
is possible.
Hay flick is not among them.
“There’re many people who recover from cancer,
stroke, or heart disease. But they continue to
age,
because aging is separate from their
disease,” Hayflick said. “Even if those causes of
death were
eliminated, life expectancy would
still not go much beyond 92 years.”
注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
48. What do people
generally believe about aging?
E) It
should cause no alarm whatsoever.
F) They
just cannot do anything about it.
G) It
should be regarded as a kind of disease.
H) They can delay it with advances in
science.
第
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49. How
do many scientists view aging now?
A) It
might be prevented and treated.
B) It can
be as risky as heart disease.
C) It
results from a vitamin deficiency.
D) It
is an irreversible biological process.
55. What does Alex Zhavoronkov think
of“describing aging as a disease”?
E) It
will prompt people to take aging more
seriously.
F) It will greatly help reduce
the side effects of aging.
G) It will free
pharmacists from the conventional beliefs about
aging.
H) It will motivate doctors and
pharmacists to find ways to treat aging.
56. What do we learn about the medical
community?
E) They now have a strong
interest in research on aging.
F) They
differ from the academic circles in their view on
aging.
G) They can contribute to people’s
health only to a limited extent.
H) They
have ways to intervene in people's aging
process.
57. What does Professor
Leonard Hay flick believe?
E) The human
lifespan cannot be prolonged.
F) Aging is
hardly separable from disease.
G) Few
people can live up to the age of 92.
H)
Heart disease is the major cause of aging.
Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are
based on the following passage.
Female
applicants to postdoctoral positions in
geosciences were nearly half as likely to receive
excellent letters of recommendation,compared
with their male counterparts. Christopher
Intagliata
reports.
As in many other
fields, gender bias is widespread in the sciences.
Men score higher starting salaries,
第
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have more
mentoring (指导),and have better odds of being
hired. Studies show they’re also perceived
as
more competent than women in STEM (Science,
Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) fields.
And new research reveals that men are more
likely to receive excellent letters of
recommendation, too.
“Say,you know, this is
the best student I’ve ever had,” says Kuheli Dutt,
a social scientist and
diversity officer at
Columbia University’s Lamont campus. “Compare
those excellent letters with a
merely good
letter: 'The candidate was productive, or
intelligent, or a solid scientist or something
that’s
clearly solid praise,’ but nothing that
singles out the candidate as exceptional or one of
a kind.”
Dutt and her colleagues studied more
than 1,200 letters of recommendation for
postdoctoral
positions in geoscience. They
were all edited for gender and other identifying
information, so Dutt and
her team could assign
them a score without knowing the gender of the
student. They found that female
applicants
were only half as likely to get outstanding
letters, compared with their male counterparts.
That
includes letters of recommendation from
all over the world, and written by, yes, men and
women. The
findings are in the journal Nature
Geoscience.
Dutt says they were not able to
evaluate the actual scientific qualifications of
the applicants using the
data in the files.
But she says the results still suggest women in
geoscience are at a potential disadvantage
from the very beginning of their careers
starting with those less than outstanding letters
of
recommendation.
“We’re not trying to
assign blame or criticize anyone or call anyone
consciously sexist. Rather, the
point is to
use the results of this study to open up
meaningful dialogues on implicit gender bias, be
it at a
departmental level or an institutional
level or even a discipline level.” Which may lead
to some
recommendations for the letter writers
themselves.
注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
58.
What do we learn about applicants to postdoctoral
positions in geosciences?
E) There are many
more men applying than women.
F) Chances for
women to get the positions are scarce.
G) More
males than females are likely to get outstanding
letters of recommendation.
H) Male applicants
have more interest in these positions than their
female counterparts.
59. What do studies
about men and women in scientific research show?
E) Women engaged in postdoctoral work are
quickly catching up.
第
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F) Fewer
women are applying for postdoctoral positions due
to gender bias.
G) Men are believed to be
better able to excel in STEM disciplines.
H)
Women who are keenly interested in STEM fields are
often exceptional.
60. What do the
studies find about the recommendation letters for
women applicants?
E) They are hardly ever
supported by concrete examples.
F) They
contain nothing that distinguishes the applicants.
G) They provide objective information without
exaggeration.
H) They are often filled with
praise for exceptional applicants.
61.
What did Dutt and her colleagues do with the more
than 1,200 letters of recommendation?
E) They
asked unbiased scholars to evaluate them.
F)
They invited women professionals to edit them.
G) They assigned them randomly to reviewers.
H) They deleted all information about gender.
55. What does Dutt aim to do with her
study?
E) Raise recommendation writers’
awareness of gender bias in their letters.
F) Open up fresh avenues for women post-
doctors to join in research work.
G) Alert
women researchers to all types of gender bias in
the STEM disciplines.
H) Start a public
discussion on how to raise women's status in
academic circles.
P
art IV
Translation (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30
minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into
English. You should write your answer on
Answer Sheet 2.
黄山位于安徽省南部。它风景独特,尤以其日出和云海著
称。要欣赏大山的宏伟壮丽,通常得
向上看。但要欣赏黄山美景,就得向下看。黄山的湿润气候有利于茶
树生长,是中国主要产茶地之
一。这里还有许多温泉,其泉水有助于防治皮肤病。黄山是中国主要旅游目
的地之一,也是摄影和
传统国画最受欢迎的主题。
第
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注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
快速对答案
1
D
26
G
51
C
2
B
27
L
52
C
3
B
28
F
53
B
4
C
29
O
54
D
5
B
30
C
55
D
6
D
31
E
7
A
32
M
8
D
33
N
9
A
34
J
10
C
35
B
11
B
36
H
12
C
37
D
13
A
38
O
14
B
39
M
15
C
40
B
16
A
41
L
17
C
42
K
18
B
43
J
19
C
44
G
20
D
45
F
21
B
46
B
22
A
47
A
23
C
48
D
24
A
49
C
25
D
50
A
第
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