前赴后继读音-优美的英文
2016年6月大学英语四级真题(第1套)
Part I
Writing
Directions:For this part, you are
allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to express
your thanks to your parents or any family
members upon making memorable achievement. You
should write at least 120 words but no more than
180 words.
PartIII
Reading Comprehension
标准时间
自测用时
25 minutes
minutes
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a
passage with ten blanks. You are required to
select one word for each blank from a list of
choices given in a word bank following the
passage. Read the passage through carefully before
making your choices. Each
choice in the bank
is identified by a letter. Please mark the
corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet
2 with a single
line through the centre. You
may not use any of the words in the bank more than
once.
Physical activity does the body good,
and there’s growing evidence that it helps the
brain too. Researchers in the
Netherlands
report that children who get more exercise,
whether at school or on their own,26to have higher
GPAs and better
scores on standardized tests.
In a 27of 14 studies that looked at physical
activity and academic28 investigators found that
the
more children moved, the better their
grades were in school, 29 in the basic subjects
of math, English and reading.
The data will
certainly fuel the ongoing debate over whether
physical education classes should be cut as
schools struggle to
30 on smaller budgets.
The arguments against physical education have
included concerns that gym time may be taking away
from study time. With standardized test scores
in the U.S.31 in recent years, some administrators
believe students need to spend
more time in
the classroom instead of on the playground. But as
these findings show, exercise and academics may
not be 32
exclusive. Physical activity can
improve blood 33 to the brain, fueling memory,
attention and creativity, which are 34 to
learning. And exercise releases hormones that
can improve 35and relieve stress, which can also
help learning. So while it may
seem as if kids
are just exercising their bodies when they’re
running around, they may actually be exercising
their brains as
well.
A) attendance
E)droppingI)mood M)review
B)consequentlyF)essentialJ)mutually
N)survive
C)current
G)feasibleK)particularlyO)tend
D)depressing
H)flowL)performance
Section B
Directions: In this section, you are going to
read a passage with ten statements attached to it.
Each statement contains
information given in
one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from
which the information is derived. You may choose a
paragraph more than once. Each paragraph
ismarked with a letter. Answer the questions by
marking the corresponding letter on
Answer
Sheet 2.
Finding the Right Home—and
Contentment, Too
[A] When your elderly
relative needs to enter some sort of long-term
care facility—a moment few parents or children
approach
without fear—what you would like is
to have everything made clear.
[B] Does
assisted living really mark a great improvement
over a nursing home, or has the industry simply
hired better interior
designers? Are nursing
homes as bad as people fear, or is that an out-
moded stereotype (固定看法)? Can doing one’s
homework really steer families to the best
places? It is genuinely hard to know.
[C] I am
about to make things more complicated by
suggesting that what kind of facility an older
person lives in may matter
less than we have
assumed. And that the characteristics adult
children look for when they begin the search are
not
necessarily the things that make a
difference to the people who are going to move in.
I am not talking about the quality of
care,
let me hastily add. Nobody flourishes in a gloomy
environment with irresponsible staff and a poor
safety record. But
an accumulating body
of research indicates that some distinctions
between one type of elder care and another have
little
real bearing on how well residents do.
[D] The most recent of these studies,
published in The journal of Applied Gerontology,
surveyed 150 Connecticut residents of
assisted
living, nursing homes and smaller residential care
homes (known in some states as board and care
homes or adult
care homes). Researchers from
the University of Connecticut Health Center asked
the residents a large number of
questions
about their quality of life, emotional well-being
and social interaction, as well as about the
quality of the
facilities.
[E] “We thought
we would see differences based on the housing
types,” said the lead author of the study, Julie
Robison, an
associate professor of medicine at
the university. A reasonable assumption—don’t
families struggle to avoid nursing
homes and
suffer real guilt if they can’t?
[F] In the
initial results, assisted living residents did
paint the most positive picture. They were less
likely to report symptoms of
depression than
those in the other facilities, for instance, and
less likely to be bored or lonely. They scored
higher on social
interaction.
[G] But when
the researchers plugged in a number of other
variables, such differences disappeared. It is not
the housing type,
they found, that creates
differences in residents’ responses.“It is the
characteristics of the specific environment they
are in,
combined with their own personal
characteristics—how healthy they feel they are,
their age and marital status,” Dr.
Robison
explained. Whether residents felt involved in the
decision to move and how long they had lived there
also proved
significant.
[H] An elderly
person who describes herself as in poor health,
therefore, might be no less depressed in assisted
living (even if
her children preferred it)
than in a nursing home. A person who bad input
into where he would move and has had time to
adapt to it might do as well in a nursing home
as in a small residential care home, other factors
being equal. It is an
interaction between the
person and the place, not the sort of place in
itself, that leads to better or worse
experiences.“You
can’t just say,‘Let’s put
this person in a residential care home instead of
a nursing home—she will be much better off,” Dr.
Robison said. What matters, she added,“is a
combination of what people bring in with them, and
what they find there.”
[I] Such findings,
which run counter to common sense, have surfaced
before. In a multi-state study of assisted living,
for
instance, University of North Carolina
researchers found that a host of variables—the
facility’s type, size or age; whether
a chain
owned it; how attractive the neighborhood was—had
no significant relationship to how the residents
fared in
terms of illness, mental decline,
hospitalizations or mortality. What mattered most
was the residents’ physical health and
mental
status. What people were like when they came in
had greater consequence than what happened one
they were there.
[J] As I was considering all
this, a press release from a respected research
firm crossed my desk, announcing that the five-
star
rating system that Medicare developed in
2008 to help families compare nursing home quality
also has little relationship to
how satisfied
its residents or their family members are. As a
matter of fact, consumers expressed higher
satisfaction with
the one-star facilities, the
lowest rated, than with the five-star ones.(More
on this study and the star ratings will appear in
a
subsequent post.)
[K] Before we
collectively tear our hair out—how are we supposed
to find our way in a landscape this
confusing?—here is a
thought from Dr. Philip
Sloane, a geriatrician(老年病学专家)at the University of
North Carolina:”In a way, that could
be
liberating for families.”
[L] Of course, sons
and daughters want to visit the facilities, talk
to the administrators and residents and other
families, and do
everything possible to
fulfill their duties. But perhaps they don’t have
to turn themselves into private investigators or
Congressional subcommittees.“Families can look
a bit more for where the residents are going to be
happy,” Dr. Sloane
said. And involving the
future resident in the process can be very
important.
[M] We all have our own ideas about
what would bring our parents happiness. They have
their ideas, too. A friend recently
took her
mother to visit an expensive assisted
livingnursing home near my town. I have seen this
place—it is elegant,
inside and out. But
nobody greeted the daughter and mother when they
arrived, though the visit had been planned;
nobody introduced them to the other residents.
When they had lunch in the dining room, they sat
alone at a table.
[N] The daughter feared her
mother would be ignored there, and so she decided
to move her into a more welcoming facility.
Based on what is emerging from some of this
research, that might have been as rational a way
as any to reach a decision.
36. Many people
feel guilty when they cannot find a place other
than a nursing home for their parents.
it
helps for children to investigate care facilities,
involving their parents in the decision-making
process may prove
very important.
is really difficult to tell if assisted living is
better than a nursing home.
39. How a resident
feels depends on an interaction between themselves
and the care facility they live in.
author
thinks her friend made a rational decision in
choosing a more hospitable place over an
apparently elegant assisted
living home.
system Medicare developed to rate nursing home
quality is of little help to finding a
satisfactory place.
first the researchers of
the most recent study found residents in assisted
living facilities gave higher scores on social
interaction.
kind of care facility old
people live in may be less important than we
think.
findings of the latest research were
similar to an earlier multi-state study of
assisted living.
45.A resident’s satisfaction
with a care facility has much to do with whether
they had participated in the decision to move in
and how long they had stayed there.
Section C
Directions: There are 2 passages
in this section. Each passage is followed by some
questions or unfinished statements. For each
of them there are four choices marked A), B),
C) and D). You should decide on the best choice
and mark the corresponding letter
on Answer
Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are
based on the following passage.
As Artificial
Intelligence(AI) becomes increasingly
sophisticated, there are growing concerns that
robots could become
a threat. This danger can
be avoided, according to computer science
professor Stuart Russell, if we figure out how to
turn
human values into a programmable code.
Russell argues that as robots take on more
complicated tasks, it’s necessary to translate our
morals into AI language.
For example, if a
robot does chores around the house, you wouldn’t
want it to put the pet cat in the oven to make
dinner
for the hungry children.“You would want
that robot preloaded with a good set of values,”
said Russell.
Some robots are already
programmed with basic human values. For example,
mobile robots have been programmed to
keep a
comfortable distance from humans. Obviously there
are cultural differences, but if you were talking
to another person
and they came up close in
your personal space, you wouldn’t think that’s the
kind of thing a properly brought-up person would
do.
It will be possible to create more
sophisticated moral machines, if only we can find
a way to set out human values as clear
rules.
Robots could also learn values from drawing
patterns from large sets of data on human
behavior. They are dangerous only
if
programmers are careless.
The biggest concern
with robots going against human values is that
human beings fail to so sufficient testing and
they’ve
produced a system that will break some
kind of taboo(禁忌).
One simple check would be
to program a robot to check the correct course of
action with a human when presented with an
unusual situation.
If the robot is unsure
whether an animal is suitable for the microwave,
it has the opportunity to stop, send out
beeps(嘟嘟
声), and ask for directions from a
human. If we humans aren’t quite sure about a
decision, we go and ask somebody else.
The
most difficult step in programming values will be
deciding exactly what we believe in moral, and how
to create a set
of ethical rules. But if we
come up with an answer, robots could be good for
humanity.
does the author say about the
threat of robots?
A)It may constitute a
challenge to computer progranmers.
B)It
accompanies all machinery involving high
technology.
C)It can be avoided if human
values are translated into their language.
D)It has become an inevitable peril as
technology gets more sophisticated.
would we
think of a person who invades our personal space
according to the author?
A)They are
aggressive.
B)They are outgoing.
C)They
are ignorant.
D)They are ill-bred.
do robots learn human values?
A)By interacting
with humans in everyday life situations.
B)By
following the daily routines of civilized human
beings.
C)By picking up patterns from massive
data on human behavior.
D)By imitating the
behavior of property brought-up human beings.
will a well-programmed robot do when facing an
unusual situation?
A)keep a distance from
possible dangers.
B)Stop to seek advice from a
human being.
C)Trigger its built-in alarm
system at once.
D)Do sufficient testing before
taking action.
is most difficult to do when
we turn human values into a programmable code?
A)Determine what is moral and ethical.
B)Design some large-scale experiments.
C)Set rules for man-machine interaction.
D)Develop a more sophisticated program.
Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based
on the following passage.
Why do some people
live to be older than others? You know the
standard explanations: keeping a moderate diet,
engaging in regular exercise, etc. But what
effect does your personality have on your
longevity(长寿)?Do some kinds of
personalities
lead to longer lives? A new study in the Journal
of the American Geriatrics Society looked at this
question by
examining the personality
characteristics of 246 children of people who had
lived to be at least 100.
The study shows that
those living the longest are more outgoing, more
active and less neurotic (神经质的) than other
people. Long-living women are also more likely
to be sympathetic and cooperative than women with
a normal life span. These
findings are in
agreement with what you would expect from the
evolutionary theory: those who like to make
friends and help
others can gather enough
resources to make it through tough times.
Interestingly, however, other characteristics
that you might consider advantageous had no impact
on whether study
participants were likely to
live longer. Those who were more self-disciplined,
for instance, were no more likely to live to be
very old. Also, being open to new ideas had no
relationship to long life, which might explain all
those bad-tempered old people
who are fixed in
their ways.
Whether you can successfully
change your personality as an adult is the subject
of a longstanding psychological debate.
But
the new paper suggests that if you want long life,
you should strive to be as outgoing as possible.
Unfortunately, another recent study shows that
your mother’s personality may also help determine
your longevity. That
study looked at nearly
28,000 Norwegian mothers and found that those moms
who were more anxious, depressed and angry
were more likely to feed their kids unhealthy
diets. Patterns of childhood eating can be hard to
break when we’re adults, which
may mean that
kids of depressed moms end up dying younger.
Personality isn’t destiny(命运), and everyone
knows that individuals can learn to change. But
both studies show that long
life isn’t just a
matter of your physical health but of your mental
health.
51. The aim of the study in the
Journal of the American Geriatrics Society is____.
A)to see whether people’s personality affects
their life span
B)to find out if one’s
lifestyle has any effect on their health
C)to
investigate the role of exercise in living a long
life
D)to examine all the factors contributing
to longevity
52. What does the author imply
about outgoing and sympathetic people?
A)They
have a good understanding of evolution.
B)They
are better at negotiating an agreement.
C)They
generally appear more resourceful.
D)They are
more likely to get over hardship.
53. What
finding of the study might prove somewhat out of
our expectation?
A)Easy-going people
can also live a relatively long life.
B)Personality characteristics that prove
advantageous actually vary with times.
C)Such
personality characteristics as self-discipline
have no effect on longevity.
D)Readiness to
accept new ideas helps one enjoy longevity.
54. What does the recent study of Norwegian
mothers show?
A)Children’s personality
characteristics are invariably determined by their
mothers.
B)People with unhealthy eating habits
are likely to die sooner.
C)Mothers’ influence
on children may last longer than fathers’.
D)Mothers’ negative personality
characteristics may affect their children’s life
spans.
can we learn from the findings of the
two new studies?
A)Anxiety and depression more
often than not cut short one’s life span.
B)Longevity results from a combination of
mental and physical health.
C)Personality
plays a decisive role in how healthy one is.
D)Health is in large part related to one’s
lifestyle.
Part IV
Translation
标准时间
自测用时
25
minutes
minutes
Directions: For this part,
you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage
from Chinese into English. You should write your
answer on Answer Sheet 2.
功夫(Kong Fu)
是中国武术(martial arts)的俗称。中国武术的起源可以追溯到自卫的需要,狩猎活动以及
古代中国的军士训练。它是中国传统体育运动的一种,年轻人和老年人都练。它已逐渐演变成了中国文化的独特
元素。
作为中国的国宝,武术有上百种不同的风格,是世界上练得最多的武术形式。有些风格模仿了动物
的动作,还有一些
则受到了中国哲学思想,神话和传说的启发。
参考范文
Dear my parents,
This letter is
to tell you my true feelings from the bottom of my
heart. Although we can keep in virtual touch every
day, I
still feel it not enough to let you
know how much I love you and how much I’ve
appreciated what you’ve done for me.
In
the past 20 years, you have done a lot for me.
Firstly, thank you so much for bringing me up. I
know how hard you've
being working in the
past. I can imagine how many difficulties and
obstacles you've conquered. Second,I want to thank
you for
your good education on me. There is an
old saying goes like this “parents are the first
teachers to their children”. Both of you
are
the typical ones.
The most important thing
that I want to say “thank you” is for your great
admiration on my own freedom. You told me to
look over the horizons and to pursuit my own
dreams without hesitation.
I really feel that
my pen fails me when I am writing this thank you
letter. The only thing I hope you can do for me is
to
take good care of yourselves and you will
be always proud of me.
Yours beloved
Son
听力答案CCBAD BCDBA CAACD
ACDBD CBDAC
选词填空 OMLKNEJHFI
长篇阅读
ELBHNJFCIG
仔细阅读 CDCDA ADCDB
参考译文:Kung Fu is commonly known as the
Chinese martial arts. The origins of Chinese
martial arts can be traced back to
the needs
of ancient self-defense, hunting activities and
the military training in ancient china. It is one
of the Chinese traditional
sports, young
people are practicing. It has evolved into a
unique element of Chinese culture. As a national
treasure of China,
there are hundreds of
different styles of martial arts, the most
practiced martial arts in the world. Some styles
imitate the
movements of animals, and some are
inspired by Chinese philosophy, myths and legends.
鸭子英文-stoke
cheap什么意思-精通的英文
什么意思中文翻译-刀头舔蜜
乐不思蜀什么意思-隋的拼音
jokester-cow英语怎么读
好听英文网名-高中政治必修四
中古是什么意思-泛的多音字
黄色书籍-foll
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