小学英语语法学习--主谓一致

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授课时间： 备课时间：
年级：奥英 课时：2小时 学生姓名：
课题：主谓一致 教研老师：
教学目标 单词 词汇应用，词语辨析
难点重点 主谓一致
英语小点心
有关Way的表达
in the way 按照，以??方式
Do your work in the way I have shown you. 按我给你示范的方法来做你的工作。
I do the work in the way you showed me.
I fly the kite in the way you showed me.
in theone’s way 挡路；妨碍（某人）
Sorry, you are in the way.(在口语中很少用, 一般直接用Excuse me.就可以了)
Don’t stand in the way. I can’t see the blackboard.
in this way 这样,以这种方式
He saves old envelopes. In this way, he has collected a great many stamps.
in a way 从某种意义上来说，在某种程度上
In a way, you are kind.
in a friendly way 用友好的方式
in the family way 怀孕了, 快有小孩了(have a baby)
The woman is in the family way.
by the way 随便说一声, 随便问一下(插入语，改变话题时用)
By the way, have you seen Harry recently?
on theone’s way(to) 在去??的途中(陈述句) :
on the way to schoolthe office；on the way home
out of the way 让路
Get out of the way! 你给我滚出去!
get one's own way 随心所欲 (at one’s pleasure)
Children get their own way during the holidays.



教
学
内
容
Percy Buttons
【New words and expressions】（4）
beggar n. 乞丐 pocket n. 衣服口袋 call v. 拜访，光顾
★beggar n. 乞丐

１

beg v.乞求
I beg your pardon?
beg for 乞求得到
ask for 请求得到（ask sb. for sth. 向某人索要某物）

★food n. 食物（不可数）
a lot of food

★pocket n. 衣服口袋
inner pocket 内口袋；jacket pocket 夹克的口袋；coat pocket 大衣口袋
pocket book 袖珍书；pocket dictionary 袖珍词典
pocket pick 车上的小偷
pocket money (小孩的)零花钱
change 零钱
get exact change 准备好正确的零花钱
beer money (男人的)零花钱

★call v. 拜访, 光顾
① vt.&vi. 叫，喊
I heard someone calling.
call out =shout 大声喊
② vt. 呼唤，召唤
Lucy is sick. Please call a doctor.
③ vi. 访问，拜访；（车、船等）停靠
Amy called (at our house) yesterday.
The train calls at large stations only. 这列火车只停大站。
call on sb. 拜访某人
I will call on you. 我要去你家。
call at+地点＝visit someplace 拜访某地
I will call at your home. 我要去你家。
④ vt.&vi. 打电话
call sb =call up sb. 给某人打电话
call back 回某人电话
Can you take a message for me? =Can you tell him to call back?
call in sb. 招集和邀请某人
For the project, the government called in a lot of experts.
【Text】
I have just moved to a house in Bridge Street. Yesterday a beggar knocked at my door. He asked
me for a meal and a glass of beer. In return for this, the beggar stood on his head and sang songs. I
gave him a meal. He ate the food and drank the beer. Then he put a piece of cheese in his pocket and
went away. Later a neighbour told me about him. Everybody knows him. His name is Percy Buttons.
He calls at every house in the street once a month and always asks for a meal and a glass of beer.

参考译文

２

我刚刚搬进了大桥街的一所房子. 昨天一个乞丐来敲我的门, 问我要一顿饭和一杯啤酒.
作为回报, 那乞丐头顶地倒立起来, 嘴里还唱着歌. 我给了他一顿饭. 他把食物吃完, 又喝了
酒. 然后把一块乳酪装进衣袋里走了. 后来, 一位邻居告诉了我他的情况. 大家都认识他, 他
叫珀西.巴顿斯. 他每月对这条街上的每户人家光顾一次, 总是请求给他一顿饭和一杯啤酒.

【课文讲解】
1、Yesterday a beggar knocked at my door.
★knock v. 敲门
① vi. 敲门
I knocked, but no one answered.
knock at 敲（门、窗等）
knock at the door；knock at the window
② vt.&vi. 碰撞
You always knock things off the table. 你总是碰掉桌上的东西。
Jim was knocked over by a bus this morning. 今天上午吉姆被一辆公共汽车撞倒了。
She has knocked a cup over again. 她又碰倒了一个杯子。
③ vt. 把（某人）打成??状态
He knocked Tom out yesterday. 他昨天把汤姆打昏过去了。
④ 与off连用时有一些特殊含义，一般用于口语
vt. （价格上）减去，除去，打折扣
They knocked five dollars off the price of the coat.
The shop assistant knocked 10% off the bill.（He reduced the price by 10%.）
vi. 下班，停止，中断（工作等）
When do you usually knock off? 你一般什么时候下班？
He knocked off for lunch at half past eleven. 他十一点半休息吃中午饭。

2、He asked me for a meal and a glass of beer.
ask (sb.) for sth =request for sth. 问某人要什么东西
（for为了这个目的去请求某人, sb.更多的时候不出现, ask for sth.）
The boy asked (his parents)for money againonce more.

3、In return for this, the beggar stood on his head and sang songs.
in return for this 作为对??的回报，作为交换（this 在代词当中常常指代上文的
一件事情）
I'll buy a present for him in return for hospitality. （hospitality adj. 热
情）
in return 作为回报
You lent me this interesting book last month. In return (for it), I’ll show you
some picture books.
In return for your help, I invite you to spend the weekend with my family.
He doesn't want anything in return. 他不想得到任何回报

stood on his head 倒立
stand on one's hands 用手着地(hand单数就是一只手, 双手复数)

３

stand on one's knees 跪着, 膝盖
lie on one's back 仰面躺着
lie on one's side 侧躺
lie on one's stomach 趴着

4、Later a neighbour told me about him.
介词about可以和一些动词连用，以表示“关于??（的）”、“涉及??（的）”
Please tell me about the accident.
tell sb. about sth. 告诉某人某事（about关于, 通过其他事自己得出的结论）
tell you about him
tell you about the word 解释这个单词的意思
tell sb. sth. 告诉某人某件事(把事情直接告诉)
tell you the news
tell you the word 直接告诉这个单词

5、Everybody knows him.
everybody作为主语一定作单数看待, 属于不定代词
所有的不定代词作为主语一律为单数看待 : somebody，anybody，everything等

6、He calls at every house in the street once a month and always asks for a meal and a glass
of beer.
calls at 光顾，拜访
in the street（英国）on the street（美国）
once a month 一个月一次, 单位表达方式
once adj. 表示每??一次（表示频率时后面直接加表示时间的名词）, 计量单位 “”
（每??）
five kilometers an hour
He goes back to the South once a year.

【Key structures】
A, The and Some
当表示不确定的某个人或物时，用不定冠词aan（单数, 可数名词）；当表示不可数的名词
时，则需要由不定冠词加量词组成词组。
在表示一种笼统概念（某某一类一种东西）的陈述句中可以省略a和some
A tiger is a dangerous animal.
Tigers are dangerous.
Salt is necessary forto us all.
表示某个确定的人或事 物或者上文已提到过的人或事物，则要用定冠词the（有时相当于
thisthatthesetho se）,可数名词单复数或不可数名词均可。
在姓名、地名、国名（非复合词）以及月份、星期等前面不加任何冠词。
a和the的区别：a是泛指, a man；特指, the man
在文章当中第一次出现名词的时候往往用a和an修饰, 第二次出现的时候用the
A man is walking towards me. The man is carrying a parcel. The parcel is full

４

of meat.
I have just drunk a glass of milk. Milk is very refreshing.
I ate an apple. Apples are delicious.
She always buys flour, sugar and tea at the grocer's.
一般姓名前一般不能加冠词，表示“某某一类人当中, 具有这种特征当中的一个”，加不定
冠词a
a Mr. Zhang 张先生这类人

【Special Difficulties】
短语动词
某些动词的后面加上介词或副词以后就会改变词义, 这种新的组合称作短语动词
put v. 放
put on 穿上，戴上
take v. 拿走
take off 脱掉，摘掉
look v. 看
look at 看；look for 寻找；look after 照顾；look out 当心；look out of 向
外看
call
call at；call on；call in；call back；
call for 去取某物, 去接某人；需要
The problem calls for immediate action. 这个问题需要立即采取行动
knock v. 敲
knock at 敲门
knock off 下班
He knocked off earlier.
knock off 打折
Knock 10% off the price.
把??撞倒，如果有地点，用介词off；无地点，用介词over
knock sth. off+地点
knock the vase off the table
I knocked the boy off the bicycle.
knock over
A car knocked the boy over.
knock out 打晕, 在拳击场合中, 把人打倒在地叫knock out(专用术语)
He did not know how to fight, but he knocked the boxer out.

【Multiple choice questions】
5 A neighbour told me about him. He ___d___ Percy Buttons was a beggar.
a. told b. said me c. told to me d. said
He says + 句子；He says +that+句子；say to sb.
tell sb. +that+句子
He said to meHe told me 他告诉我
He told me he was a said he was a Beggar.

５

6 Everybody knows him. ___a___ know him.
a. They all b. Each c. Every d. All they
all of us, we all 我们所有人
every adj. 每一个
every +n. 每一个(书, 本, 人等)
every person likes?
each adj.&pron. 每一个
each +n；each 直接作主语或者宾语
each person likes...each likes...
every只能是形容词性，强调整体，常用来指一个大的、不确定的数目，不能直 接做主语；
each既可作形容词，又可作代词，强调个体，常用以一个确定的并通常是有限的数目，在 作代
词时，直接作主语或宾语，使用第三人称单数
Each child in the school was questioned.
Every child enjoys Christmas.
Each of us has his own work to do.
They each have a share.

7 ___d___ does he call? Once a month.
a. How seldom b. How long c. How soon d. How often
once a month 每月一次, 属于频率
对频率提问 : how often
How often do you visit your mother? 对时间和次数提问
提问多久 : how long
How long do you visit your mother? 对时间提问
提问次数 : how many times
How many times do you visit your mother each month?
how soon 多久以后
How soon will you finish your homework?

8 A beggar is a person who ___a___ .
a. asks for money but doesn't work b. asks for food
c. works hard d. is out of work
out of work 失业
I am out of work.I lose my job.

10 She gave him a piece of cheese. He put the ___a___ of cheese in his pocket.
a. bit b. bar c. block d. packet
a bit of a piece of 在英文中经常互用
bar 门闩 : 长条状 :
a bar of chocolate; a bar of soap
block n. 房子；块, 一大块；v. 堵塞
packet 一包


６

12 All the houses in our ___a___ are the same age and size.
a. street b. way c. road d. route
same age and size 同年代同样式
street 两边有房子的街道, 强调城市里的街道
way, on the way, in the way 挡住某人的路(强调方向)
road 路的通称
road home 通往家的路 (张艺谋的影片《我的父亲母亲》的英文名)
route 路线

〖语法精粹〗
can you___B___if you are not ____?
A. listeninghearing B. hearlistening
C. be listeninghear D. be hearinglistening to
如果你不听, 怎么可能听见呢?
listen听hear听见

girl even won't have her lunch before she__D__her homework.
A. will finish B. is finishing C. had finished D.
finishes
状语从句中, 用一般现在时取代将来时.

who have applied for the post__A__in the office.
A. are being interviewed B. are interviewing
C. interviewing (光动词+ing不能构成谓语)
D. to be interviewing (不定式不能构成谓语动词)
apply for 申请
interview 面试
在英文中, 只能领导对员工面试，员工只能被面试，动词用被动

old scientist __C___to do more for the country.
A. is wishing B. has been wishing C. wishes D. has been wished
D为被动语态，从语法上说合理, 但不合情
表示状态、感觉、情绪、精神活动的动词不可用于进行时态.
wish sb. to do 希望某人做某事

he___B___,don't wake him up.
A. still sleeps B. is still sleeping
C. still had been sleeping D. will be sleeping still




诊断测试
1. Neither he nor I ___ for the plan.

７

a. were b. is c. are d. am
2. My family as well as I ___ glad to see you.
a. was b. is c. are d. am
3. My father, together with some of his old friends, ___ there already.
a. will be b. had been c. has been d. have been
4. There are two roads and either ___ to the station.
a. is leading b. are leading c. lead d. leads
5. Nine plus three ___ twelve.
a. are making b. is making c. make d. makes
6. Twenty miles ___ a long way to cover.
a. seem to be b. is c. are d. were
7. Very few ___ his address in the town.
a. has known b. are knowing c. know d. knows
8. When and where this took place ___ still unknown.
a. has b. is c. were d. are
9. I know that all ___ getting on well with her.
a. were b. are c. is d. was
10. The rest of the novel ___ very interesting.
a. seem b. is c. are d. were


主谓一致
英语中，句子的谓语动词必须在人称和数上和句子的主语保持一致。
主谓一致是指：
1. 语法形式上要一致，即单复数形式与谓语要一致。
2. 意义上要一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。
3. 就近原则，即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语。

一般来说，不可数名词用动词单数，可数名词复数用动词复数。
I. 语法形式上的一致

８

主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也用复数
形式。例如： The number of students in our school is 1,700.
Mary and Kelly look alike.
II. 意义上一致
1 主语形式虽为单数, 但意义为复数, 谓语动词用复数。例如：
The crowd were running for their lives.
My family are watching TV.
单数形式代表复数内容的词有people、police等。
2 主语形式为复数，而意义上却是单数，谓语动词用单数。如:news 以ics 结
尾的学科名称如: physics, mathematics, economics; 国名如: the United
States; 报纸名如: the New Times; 书名如: Arabian Night <天方夜谈>; 以及
The United Nations<联合国> 等作主语时, 谓语动词用单数. 例如：
The news is very exciting.
Mathematics is a very interesting subject.
The United Nations is a big organization.
III. 就近原则即谓语动词的单复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。如果连词or、
either ? or、neither ? nor、not only ? but also等连接的并列主语，如果
一个是单数，一个是复数，谓语动词与靠近它的主语一致。
Either you or I am mad. Either Jane or Steven is watching TV now.

1.1并列结构作主语时谓语用复数

Reading and writing are very important.
注意： 当主语由and连结时，如果它表示一个单一的概念，即指同一人或同一物时，谓语动
词用单数，and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。
The iron and steel industry is very important to our life.

典型例题
The League secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting.
A. is B. was C. are D. were
答案B. 注： 先从时态上考虑。这是过去发生的事情应用过去时，先排除A.，C.。本题易误选
D，因为The League secretary and monitor 好象是两个人，但仔细辨别， monitor 前没有the，
在英语中，当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词。后面的职务用and 相连。这样本题主
语为一个人，所以应选B。
1.2 主谓一致中的就近原则

1）当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。
There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk..
There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.

2）当either… or… 与neither… nor， 连接两个主语时，谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。

９

如果句子是由here, there引导，而主语又不止一个时，谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致。
Either you or she is to go.
Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you.
1.3 谓语动词与前面的主语一致

当主语后面跟有with, together with, like, except, but, as well as 等词引起的短语时，谓语动词
与前面的主语一致。
The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory.
He as well as I wants to go boating.
1.4 谓语需用单数

1） 代词each和由every, some, no, any等构成的复合代词作主语，或主语中含有each, every, 谓
语需用单数。
Each of us has a tape-recorder.
There is something wrong with my watch.

2） 当主语是一本书或一条格言时，谓语动词常用单数。
The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English.
<<天方夜谭>>是英语爱好者熟悉的一本好书。

3） 表示金钱，时间，价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语 时，通常把这些名词看作一个整体，谓
语一般用单数。(用复数也可，意思不变。)
Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations.
Ten yuan is enough.

4）“ the ＋形容词”一般表示一类人，如 the old （老人）， the young （年轻人）， the rich （有
钱人，富人）， the poor （穷人）， the black （黑人）， the white （白人）， the dead （死
者）， the living （生者）等，若它们在句中作主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式。例如：
The rich are not always happy.
有钱的人并不总是快乐的。
The old are taken good care of.
老年人受到了很好的照料。


1.5 指代意义决定谓语的单复数
1） 在代词what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等词的单复数由其指代的词的单复
数决定。
All is right. (一切顺利。)
All are present. (所有人都到齐了。)

2） 集体名词作主语时，谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定。如family, audience, crew, crowd,
class, company, committee等词后用复数形式时，意为这个集体中的各个成员，用单数时表示该
个集体。

１０

His family isn't very large. 他家不是一个大家庭。
His family are music lovers. 他的家人都是音乐爱好者。
但集合名词people, police, cattle, poultry等在任何情况下都用复数形式。
Are there any police around?
1.6 与后接名词或代词保持一致

1） 用half of, part of, most of,等词引起主语时，动词通常与of后面的名词，代词保持一致。
Most of his money is spent on books.
Most of the students are taking an active part in sports.

2）“分数或百分数＋ of ＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词的形式要与 of 后面的名词在数上保持一
致。例如：
About 70 percent of the workers in that factory are young people.
那些工厂 70 ％的工人是年轻人。
Only three-fifths of the work was done yesterday by them.
昨天他们只完成了五分之三的工作。


11. Our family ___ a happy one.
a. are b. was c. are d. is
12. The boy sitting by the window is the only one of the students who ___ from the
countryside in our school.
a. was b. were c. is d. are
13. More than one answer ___ to the question.
a. had given b. were given c. has been given d. have been given
14. The students in our school each ___ an English dictionary.
a. are having b. had c. has d. have
作
15. The pair of shoes ___ worn out.
业
a. had been b. have been c. were d. was
16. A professor and a writer ___ present at the meeting.
a. had been b. were c. is d. was
17. Those who ___ singing may join us.
a. is fond of b. enjoy c. likes d. are liking
18. There ___ a knife and fork on the table.
a. are b. is seeming to be c. seem to be d. seems to be
19. Over 80 percent of the population ___ workers.
a. will be b. are c. is d. was

１１

20. The whole class ___ greatly moved at his words.
a. is b. had c. were d. was
21. The wounded ___ good care of here now.
a. is taking b. are taking c. are being taken d. is taken
22. Deer ___ faster than dogs.
a. will run b. are running c. runs d. run
23. The police ___ a prisoner.
a. are searched for b. is searching
c. are searching for d. is searching for
24. It was reported that six ___ including a boy.
a. had killed b. was killing c. were killed d. was killed
25. The United Nations ___ in 1945.
a. was found b. was founded c. were founded d. were found
26. I, who ___ your good friend, will share your joys and sorrows.
a. was b. are c. is d. am
27. Between the two buildings ___ a monument.
a. is standing b. standing c. stands d. stand
28. Laying eggs ___ the ant queen’s full-time job.
a. have b. has c. are d. is
29. Peter, perhaps John, ___ playing with the little dog.
a. seems b. were c. are d. is
30. Many a student ___ that mistake before.
a. had made b. has been made c. have made d. has made
31. The Arabian Nights ___ well known to English lovers.
a. is being b. are c. were d. is
32. Your new clothes fit you, but mine ___ me.
a. don’t fit for b. doesn’t fit for c. don’t fit d. doesn’t fit
33. Tom’s teacher and friend ___ Mr. Smith.
a. has b. are being c. is d. are
34. All that can be eaten ___ eaten up.
a. have been b. had been c. has been d. are being
35. Some person ___ calling for you at the gate.
a. will be b. is being c. is d. are
36. On each side of the street ___ a lot of trees.
a. are grown b. is standing c. grow d. stands

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37. The number of the people who ___ cars ___ increasing.
a. own….are b. own…is c. owns…is d. owns…are
38. No one except Jack and Tom ___ the answer.
a. are knows b. is knowing c. knows d. know
39. Nothing but cars ___ in the shop.
a. are going to sell b. were sold c. are sold d. is sold
40. Here is a message of importance to every man and woman who ___.
a. votes b. vote c. voting d. are voting
41. Politics ___ one of the subjects that I study.
a. are b. is c. were d. was
42. ___ already been interviewed.
a. A number of applicants have b. A number of applicants has
c. The number of applicants have d. The number of applicants has
43. ___ is misused in the sentence.
a. A word or two b. One or two words
c. One and two words d. Many words
44. There ___ priceless jewellery on display at the exhibition hall.
a. are b. have c. is d. has
45. I am the one who___ wrong.
a. am b. is c. are d. have been
46. Each of the footballers ___ over 150 pounds.
a. weigh b. weighs c. weights d. were weighing
47. There is ___ rice.
a. few b. a few c. many d. a great deal of
48. Half of the material ___ away.
a. has been taken b. are taken c. have been taken d. were taken
49. The manager or his assistant ___ planning to go.
a. was b. were c. be d. will
50. There ___ in this room.
a. are too many furnitures b. are too much furniture
c. are too much furnitures d. is too much furniture
51. His brother rather than his parents ___.
a. are to be blamed b. is to blame c. are to blame d. is to be blamed.
52. What caused the accident and who was responsible for it ___ a mystery to us.
a. has been remained b. have been remained c. remain d. remains
53. To know merely the main facts ___ enough.

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a. are b. be c. being d. is
54. Watering the flowers and looking after the children ___ all I have to do every
day.
a. are b. is c. was d. were
55. Each boy and each girl ___ a new book.
a. have gone b. has gone c. have got d. has got
56. American and Dutch beer ___ both much lighter than British.
a. are b. is c. were d. was
57. It is not I but you who ___the first to run to the goal in that competition.
a. is b. was c. are d. is going to
58. Every means ___ been tried since then.
a. has b. have c. are d. is
59. One and a half bananas ___on the table.
a. are left b. is left c. have left d. has left
60. There ___ in this room.
a. are too many rooms b. are too much room
C. are plenty of rooms d. is plenty of room

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