同等学力英语语法总结

同等学力英语 比较状语从句
常用引导词：as（同级比较）, than（不同程度的
比较）
特殊引导词：the more … the more … just
as …, so…;
A is to B what as X is to Y; no … more than; not
A so
much as B
She is as bad-tempered as her mother.
她和她妈一样脾气暴躁。
The house is three times as big as ours.
这所房子是我们的三倍大。
The more you exercise, the healthier you will be.
越锻炼你就越健康。
Food is to men what oil is to machine.
食物之于人，犹如油之于机器。
同等学力英语 让步状语从句
引导让步状语从句的连词和词组：although,
though（虽然）；even if，even though（即使）；as，
while（尽管）；whether…or（不论… …还是）；whoever，
no matter who，however；（无论何时）whenever, no

matter when；（无论谁）．
no matter how（无论怎样）；whatever，no matter what
（无论什么）等。
（1）although和though 都表示“虽然”，但although
比though正式，更多用于句首；二者都可与yet，
still或nevertheless连用，但不能和but连用：
He didn't stop working though（或although）he was
ill.
他虽然病了，但未停止工作。
(2)as引导的让步状语从句要用倒装语序，可 用
though代替，但比though语气强，被倒装的部分可
以是表语、状语和动词原形：
Child as（或though）he is, he knows a lot.［表语；
名词］
他虽然是个孩子，但懂得很多。
▲当表语是可数名词单数时，不能加不定冠词a
（或an）。
Good as he is, he will never be top of his class.［表
语；形容词］
他虽然很好，但他决不会成为班上的尖子。
Hard as（或though）he works, he makes little
progress.［状语；副词］

虽然他工作很努力，但却几乎没有进步。
Try as（或though）he might, he could not find a job.
［谓语；动词原形］
不管他怎么努力，他还是找不到工作。
（3）while有时可引导让步状语从句，但一般要
位于句首：
While I like the color, I don't like the shape.
我虽然喜欢那颜色，但不喜欢那形状。
（4）whatever（或whenever…）和no matter what
（或when…） 二者都可引导让步状语从句，但前
者有时还可以引出主语从句和宾语从句等，后者却
不行：
Whatever（或No matter what）you say, I won't
believe you.（状语从句）
不管你说什么，我决不相信你的话。
I'll eat whatever（≠no matter what）you give me.
［宾语从句］
你给我什么我就吃什么。
同等学力英语 方式状语从句
引导方式状语从句的连词：as（如同）；as if（或
as
）（好像）。though

（１）as和like都有“就像”的意 思，as是连词，
后加句子；like是介词，后加名词、代词或名词性
短语：
I work as others do(或like others).
我像别人那样工作。
（２）as if，as though两者意义相同，从句谓语
动词常用虚拟语气，as if比as though更常用：
They are talking as if (或as though)they had seen a
ghost.
他们谈着话，就像是见了鬼。
▲as if和as though有时可引导表语从句。
同等学力英语 条件状语从句
引导条件状语从句的连词或词组：if，suppose，
supposing（that ），provided，providing（that），on
condition that（如果，假如）；unless（除非）；so
（或as）long as（只要）；in case（万一）。
在条件状语从句中，要用一般时态代替将来时
（和时间状语从句相同）：
You will miss the train if you don't hurry.
你要不快点，就会误了火车。
可用与条件状语从句：是情态动词，时，”愿意
“表示▲will

If you will go, please tell me.
如果你愿意去的话，请告诉我。
（１）unless在意义上等于if…not，但比if语气
更强：
You will fail unless you study hard. (= You will fail
if you
do not study hard.)
除非你努力学习，否则你要失败。
▲if可用于虚拟语气，unless不用于虚拟语气。
（２）suppose和supposing（that）相当于if。
（３）provide，providing that，on condition that，
so（或as）long as相当于only if：
As long as ( = Only if) you don't lose heart, you
will
succeed.
只要你不灰心，你就会成功。
（４）in case
Do tell us in case you have any trouble.
万一有什么困难，一定告诉我们。
▲in case引导目的状语从句时也可用should表
示可能 性小些。．
同等学力英语 结果状语从句

引导结果状语从句的连词：so…that，such…that
（如此……以致于）；so that，that（结果）等。
（１）so…that，such…that
常用句型为：
so＋形容词（或副词）＋that
so＋形容词＋a（或an）＋单数可数名词＋that
such＋a（或an）（＋形容词）＋单数可数名词
＋that
such（＋形容词）＋复数可数名词＋that
such（＋形容词）＋不可数名词＋that
such＋that
He spoke so fast that I couldn't follow him.
他讲得太快，我跟不上。
It was such a good day（= It was so good a day）that
we all
went swimming.
天气那么好，我们都去游泳了。
The film was such that everyone was deeply
moved.
电影如此精彩，观众都被深深打动了。
▲“so＋many（或much，few，little）＋名词”，
“such＋a

lot of（或lots of）＋名词”是习惯用法，不可乱
用。
（２）so that，that都可以表示结果，so that较
常用，that多见于口语中：
He didn't study hard, (so) that he failed in the exam.
他没用功学习，结果他考试没及格。
▲so that引导目的状语从句时，该从句中常用< br>may（或might）等情态动词；引导结果状语从句时，
从句中多不用情态动词，而且从句前 有逗号；再者
可根据上下文判断。
同等学力英语 目的状语从句
引导目的状语从句的连词：in order that, so that
（为了）；for fear that, in case, lest（以免）等。
（１）in order that, so that引导的目的状语从句中
需用情态动词，现在时态常用may，can或wi ll；
过去时态常用could，should或might（含义正式），
有时也用woul d。in order that比so that正式，in order
that引导的从句可位于主句前，也可位于主句后；
而so that引导的从句只可位于主句后：
He sent the letter by air mail in order that（或so that）
it
might reach them in good time.

这封信他航空寄去，以便他们能及时收到。
（２）for fear that，in ca se，lest引导的目的状
语从句中常用虚拟语气，从句谓语动词形式常为
“should＋ 动词原形”：
He took his raincoat with him in case（或for fear
that或lest）it should rain.
他带上了雨衣以免下雨。
同等学力英语 原因状语从句
引导原因状语从句的连词：because（因为）；as
（由于）；since，now that（既然）；seeing that（鉴
于）等。
（１）because，since，as都可表示“因为”。
①because表示原因的 语气最强，通常回答以疑
问词why引导的问句，除特别强调外，该从句一般
位于主句后；si nce表示稍加分析后而推断出来的原
因，比as正式；as表示对方已知道的原因。since
和as不回答why引导的疑问句，而且其从句一般
放在句首：
I do it because I like it.
因为我喜欢我才干。
Since no one is against it, let's carry out the plan.
既然没人反对，我们就执行这个计划吧。

As he wasn't ready in time, we went without him.
由于他未及时准备好，我们没等他就走了。
②because是连词，because of是介词短语。
③because和so不可同时使用，只用其中的一个。
④for也常引导表示原因的分句，但for是并列连
词，因此不能用于句首；for所提供的理由是一 种
补充性的说明，且for前常有逗号：
The days are short, for it is now December.
白天短了，因为已是１２月了。
（２）部分表示感情的状态形容词（如sorry，glad，
pleased等）有时可 接一个that引导的从句表示原因，
作状语从句（但也有人认为是宾语从句）：
I am sorry that I have caused so much trouble.
真对不起，给你添了这么多麻烦。
同等学力英语 地点状语从句
引 导地点状语从句的连词：where（在……地方）；
wherever（无论何地）；everywh ere（每一……地方）
等：
There are plenty of sheep where I live.
我住的地方羊很多。
Where there is a will, there is a way.
有志者，事竟成。

▲指具体地点时，从句可放在主句前，也可放在
主句后（如前一例句）；兼 有抽象条件的含义时，
从句须放在主句前（如后一例句）。
同等学历英语指导之非谓语动词作主语和表语用
法
一、解析非谓动词作主语



1. 不定式作主语。如：



To say is easier than to do.



解析：用不定式作主语时，常表示一次性的、具体
的、


特指的动作，并且用it作形式主语而将其后置。如
上例可改为：It is easier to say than to do.
2. 动名词作主语。如：

Walking after supper is good for both young and old.



解析：若表示抽象的、习惯性的动作时常用动名词。



二、解析非谓语动词作表语



1. 不定式作表语。如：



What I can do is to give you some reasonable advice.



The library books are not allowed to be taken away.

解析：不定式作表语时，其后接动词（词组）主动
式或


被动式，与其最近的动词采用原形。
2. 动名词作表语。如：



His job is teaching.



The most famous writings in the world are worth
reading.



解析：动名词作表语时，表语既具有动词特征又具
有名


甚至有时表语和主语可以互换。如上例可改为：词

性，Teaching
is his job.
3. 分词作表语。如：



The film is interesting, and my sister gets interested in
it.



解析：现在分词作表语，表示主语所具有的特征，
表语


与主语之 间是主动关系，并且常以物作主语，译为
“某物怎么样”；过去分词作表语，表示主语所处
的心 理状态，主语 和表语之间存在被动关系，并
且常以人作主语，译为“某人感到怎么样”。具有
这一用 法的有：surprise, interest, touch, move,
puzzle, excite, tire, please, disappoint, satisfy,
encourage等。
同等学历英语指导之非谓语动词作定语的用法

解析非谓语动词作定语



1. 不定式作定语。如：



Every day the workers have a lot of work to do.（动宾
关系）



She has no wish to go with you.（同位关系）



The second officer to come in was Smith.（主谓关系）



This is the best way to learn a foreign language.（修饰
关系）

解析：不定式作定语时通常后置，即作后置定语，
表示


将要发生的动作，与被修饰的名词之间存在动宾关
系、同位关系、主谓关系或修饰关系。
2. 动名词作定语。如：



We shall have a writing competition.



There is a swimming pool in the park.



解析：用动名词作定语，起说明被修饰名词性质或
用途


的作用。3. 分词作定语。

（1）现在分词作定语。如：



Now there is a fire burning in the fireplace.



The villagers built a road leading to the city.



解析：现在分词作定语时，与它修饰的词之间存在
逻辑


上的主谓关系，用现在分词表示动作正在进行或经
常性、现在或当时的状态。
（2）过去分词作定语。如：



There is a village called Gum Tree far away from here.

The Olympic Games, first played in 775BC, did not
include



women players until 1912.
解析：过去分词作定语时，与它所修饰的词之间存
在被


动关系。过去分词所表示的动作是在谓语动词所表
示的动作之前发生，或没有固定的时间性。
同等学历英语指导之非谓语动词作表语的用法
解析非谓语动词作宾语



1. 不定式作宾语。

如：



She pretended not to see me when I came in.



Little Jim should love to be taken to the theatre this
evening.



解析：有些动词之后要用不定式作宾语。表示某次
具体


hope, agree,
的动作或行为。类似的动词有．
choose,m anage,promise,expect,determine,decide,seek,
ref use,arra 等。nge,desire2. 动名词作宾语。

如：



Would you mind my opening the window?



He didn't remember having lived with his friend
before.



解析：有些动词（词组）后接动名词形式，表示动
作的


经常性、习惯性或已经完成。类 似的词有enjoy,
keep, admit,
avoid, escape, consider, delay, put off, give up等。
注意：want, need, require 等动词以物作主语时，其
后的

宾语用主动式表被动含义或用 不定式的被动式。
如Those
young trees need watering to be watered.另外，还有
少数动词，
如mean, stop, try, can't help 等后既可接不定式也可
接动名词，但各自发生时间有先后。 如：
（1）—The light in the room is still on.



—Oh, I forgot to turn it off.





（2）—Where is your pen?



—Oh, I remember having putting it in my bag.

同等学历英语指导之非谓语动词作宾、主语补足语
的用法
解析非谓语动词作宾语补足语、主语补足语



1. 不定式作宾语、主语补足语。如：



The policeman told the boy not to play on the road.



The old man was often seen to stand at the door of his



house.
get, ask, beg, invite, oblige, allow, hate, wish, 解析：
诸如

want, expect, like, permit,
等动词encourage, request, advise, order, persuade,
cause, warnhope, think, agree, insist, 后都可用不定
式作宾语补足语。但 plan, suppose, suggest,
announce,
let, have, make, hear, demand等动词不能这样用。如
果动词等，用于被动语态中notice, see, observe, feel,
look at, listen to时，则可以用不定式作主语补足语。
2. 分词作宾语、主语补足语。



（1）现在分词作宾语、主语补足语。如：



Tom's father saw him sitting on the eggs.



Soon steam can be seen rising from the wet clothes.

解析：现在分词作宾语、主语补足语时，表示现在
分词


的逻辑主语就是句子的宾语或主语，与逻辑主语之
间存在主动关系。
（2）过去分词作宾语、主语补足语。如：



I had my house painted last week.



Her book was found stolen when Kate came back
home.



解析：过去分词作宾语、主语补足语时，表示过去
分词

的逻辑主语就是句子的宾语或主语，与逻辑主语之
间存在被动关系。
同等学力英语虚拟语气小结（1）
1） 语气：
陈述，疑问，祈使，虚拟
2） 虚拟语气：表示一种纯然假想的情况或主观
愿望，动词需要用一种特殊形式。
形式分 为三类：现在虚拟语气（动词用原形），
过去虚拟语气（动词用过去式，但动词be要用were），< br>过去完成形式（动词用过去完成时）。有些情态动
词，如should, would,
might常用在虚拟语气中。
3） 虚拟语气在条件句中的用法：
虚拟条件句：就是包含条件从句的句子。
条件句分为：
真实条件句——有些条件句是可能实现的。
虚拟条件句——有些条件句是纯假象的句子。
If we leave now, we can still catch the train.
If I had enough money, I would buy a computer.
If you are waiting for a bus you'd better join the
queue.
4) 表示现在和将来情况的虚拟条件句：

⑴表示现在或将来的虚拟条件句——从句 中的
谓语（用过去式形式）；主句谓语（would+动词原
形）
If I had a map I would lend it to you.
If you left your bike outside, someone would steal
it.
If I were you I'd plant some trees round the house.
注：If I were you句中，were不能改成was,但在
第三人称单数后用was也可以。如：
If Helen were(was) here how nice it would be!
⑵主句谓语有时也可以由might, could构成。
If I could type, I might save a lot of time.
If he had a permit he could get a job.
动词，或 ⑶在条件句从句中有时还可以用were to
+
should+ 动词。 If he were (was) to resign, who
would take his place?
If I should be free tomorrow, I will come to see you.
动词），should+were to +动词， ⑷在某些条件从
句中（如 if有时可以省略，这时语序要改为倒装。
Were I Tom, I would refuse.
Were I in your shoes I would let him know what I

thought of
him.
Should she be interested, I'll phone her.
⑸从句有时可以用If it were not for这种句型，表
示“若不是”。
If it were not for your help, we would be in serious
trouble.
同等学力英语虚拟语气小结（2）
表示过去情况的虚拟条件句：（这类从句表示一
个与事实相反的过去情况）
⑴表示过去情况的虚拟条件句——条件从句中
的谓语（相当于过去式的形式）；主句的谓语（would
have+过去分词）
If I had known that you were coming, I would have
met you
at the airport.
If I had left sooner, I'd have caught the bus.
What would you have done if you'd been in my
position?
注：在主句中，如果主语是第一人称，可以用
should构成谓语。
I should (would) have talked it to my mother if I

had thought
of it.
⑵主句中也可用could和might构成，有时还可
由should构成。
If my father had lived, he could have done all this
for me.
If we had found him earlier we might have saved
his life.
If he had apologized, you should have done so too.
⑶从句中也可用had not been for来构成谓语，表
示“要不是”。
If it hadn't been for your timely help, we would
have got
into serious trouble.
If it hadn't been for her meticulous care, I wouldn't
have got
well so soon.
⑷if有时可以省略，但后面部分需要倒装。
Had I not seen it with my own eyes, I would not
have
believed it.
Had it not been for their support, we couldn't have

won the
election.
Had Mark been in charge, it wouldn't have
happened.
其他知识点：
1) 常考点有：对a、过去的虚拟语气，b、错综
句的考查，c、还有去掉if将助动词had ，情态动
词should，be动词提前 等．
2) 要注意哪些词可以用作虚拟语气 如as if
（though），if only, demand, insist, suggest但要注意
suggest 表示“表明”时不用虚拟语气,如 her
expression suggest that she made a
mistake.
3) 要求，建议，命令等+ (should) do，用虚拟语
气demand,
insist, require，request, demand, desire, ask(要
求),suggest，advise,
propose(提议)，urge(催促)，vote（投票），command(命
令), order,
recommend，intend, petition(恳请)。
4) It is adj. that… 用虚拟语气 important, illegal,
essential，vital，appropriate，unfair，dreadful，strang e，

surprising，natural，unthinkable
5) It's (high) time后的定语从句中谓语要用虚拟
语气（多用过去虚拟语气）
It's high time we went.
6) 错综时间条件句：有些条件句主句谓语和从句
谓语表示的动作在时间上并不一致。
If the weather had been more favorable, the corps
would be
growing still better.
If he had received six more votes, he would be our
chairman
now.