初一英语语法及常考学习知识点情况总结

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主要掌握几种时态
1，一般现在时
2，一般过去时
3，一般将来时
4，现在进行时
还有几种词
1，名词
2，代词
3，形容词
4，动词
5，冠词
初一英语语法
一、词法
1、名词
A)、名词的数

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我们 知道名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词，而不可数名词它没有
复数形式，但可数名词却有单数和复数之 分，复数的构成如下：
一)在后面加s。如：fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples,
bananas
二)x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如：boxes, glasses, dresses, watches,
wishes, faxes
三)1)以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es 如：baby-babies,
family-families, duty-duties, comedy-comedies,
documentary-documentaries, story-stories
2)以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如：day-days, boy-boys,
toy-toys, key-keys, ways
四)以o结尾加s(外来词)。如：radios, photos, 但如是辅音加o的
加es：如: tomatoes西红柿, potatoes马铃薯
五)以f或fe结尾的变f为v再加es(s)。如：knife-knives, wife- wives,
half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf- leaves, yourself-yourselves
六)单复数相同(不变的)有：fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese,
Japanese

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七)一般只有复数，没有单数的有：people, pants, shorts, shoes,
glasses, gloves, clothes, socks
八)单词形式不变，既可以是单数也可以是复数的有：police警察局，
警察, class班，同学, family家，家庭成员
九)合成的复数一般只加主要名词，多数为后一个单词。如：action
movie- action movies, pen pal-pen pals; 但如果是由man或
woman所组成的合成词的复数则同时为复数。如：man
doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers
十)有的单复数意思不同。如：fish鱼 fishes鱼的种类, paper纸
papers报纸，卷子，论文, work工作 works作品，工厂, glass玻
璃 glasses玻璃杯，眼镜, orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光
线 lights灯, people人 peoples民族, time时间 times时代, 次
数, chicken 鸡肉 chickens 小鸡
十一) 单个字母的复数可以有两种形式直接加s或’s。如：Is (I’s),
Ks (K’s)。但如是缩略词则只加s。如：IDs, VCDs, SARs
十二) 特殊形式的有：child-children, man-men, woman-women,
foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen,
Englishman-Englishmen
B)名词的格

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当我们要表示某人的什么东西或人时，我们就要使用所有格形式。构
成如下：
一)单数在后面加’s。如：brother’s, Mike’s, teacher’s
二)复数以s结尾的直接在s后加’，如果不是以s结尾的与单数一
样处理。如：Teachers’ Day教师节, classmates’; Children’s Day
六一节, Women’s Day三八节
三)由and并列的名词所有时，如果是共同所有同一人或物时，只加
最后一个’s，但分别拥有时却分别按单数形式处理。如：Mike and
Ben’s room迈克和本的房间(共住一间)，Mike’s and Ben’s rooms
迈克和本的房间(各自的房间)
2、代词
项目 人称代词 物主代词 指示代词 反身代词
人称 主格 宾格 形容词 名词性
第一人称 单数 I me my
you mine myself
复数 we us our ours ourselves
第二人称 单数 you you your yours yourself
复数 you you your yours yourselves

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第三人称 单数 she her her hers herself
he him his his himself
it it its its this that itself
复数 they them their theirs these those themselves
3、动词
A) 第三人称单数
当动词是第三人称单数时，动词应该像名词的单数变动词那样加s，
如下：
一)一般在词后加s。如：comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dan
ces, trains
二)在x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如：watches, washes, wishes,
finishes
三)1)以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es。如：study-studies,
hurry-hurries, try-tries
2)以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如：plays, says, stays, enjoy
s, buys
四)以o结尾加es。如：does, goes
五)特殊的有：are-is, have-has
B) 现在分词
当我们说某人正在做什么事时，动词要使用分词形式，不能用原形，
构成如下：

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一)一般在后加ing。如：spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seei
ng, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watc
hing, go-going, do-doing
二)以不发音e的结尾的去掉e再加ing。如：dance-dancing, wa
ke- waking, take-taking, practice-practicing, write- writing, h
ave-having
三)以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字母+一个辅音字母(注意除开字
母组合如show –showing, draw-drawing)要双写最后的辅音字
母再加ing。如：put- putting, run-running, get-getting, let-l
etting, begin-beginning
四)以ie结尾的变ie为y再加ing。如：tie-tying系 die-dying
死 lie-lying 位于
4、形容词的级
我们在对两个或以上的人或物进行对比时，则要使用比较或最高级
形式。构成如下：
一) 一般在词后加er或est(如果是以e结尾则直接加r或st)。如：
greater- greatest, shorter –shortest, taller –tallest, longer –l
ongest, nicer- nicest, larger -largest
二)以重读闭音节结尾且1个元音字母+1个辅音字母(字母组合除
外，如few-fewer fewest)结尾的双写结尾的辅音再加er est。如：
big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest

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三) 以辅音字母+y结尾的变y为i加erest。如：happy- happier
happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest, friendly-friendlier friendlie
st(more friendly most friendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-
easier easiest
四)特殊情况：(两好多坏，一少老远)
goodwell - better best manymuch - more most badil
l – worse worst
little- less least old- olderelder oldesteldest far- farther
further farthestfurthest
5、数词 (基变序，有规则;一、二、三，自己背;五、八、九、十二;
其它后接th;y结尾，变为i, eth跟上去。) first, se cond, third;
fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth; seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hun
dredth; twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth
二、句式
1.陈述句
肯定陈述句 a) This is a book. (be动词)
b) He looks very young. (连系动词)
c) I want a sweat like this. (实义动词)
d) I can bring some things to school. (情态动词)
e) There’s a computer on my desk. (There be结构)
否定陈述句 a) These aren’t their books. b) They don’t l
ook nice.

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c) Kate doesn’t go to No. 4 Middle School. d) Kate can’
t find her doll.
e) There isn’t a cat here. (=There’s no cat here.)
2. 祈使句
肯定祈使句 a) Please go and ask the man. b) Let’s learn
English!
c) Come in, please.
否定祈使句a) Don’t be late. b) Don’t hurry.
3. 疑问句
1) 一般疑问句 a) Is Jim a student? b) Can I help you?
c) Does she like salad?
d) Do they watch TV? e) Is she reading?
肯定回答: a) Yes, he is. b) Yes, you can. c) Yes, she does.
d) Yes, they do. e) Yes, she is.
否定回答: a) No, he isn’t. b) No, you can’t. c) No, she
doesn’t. d) No, they don’t. e) No, she isn’t.
2) 选择疑问句 Is the table big or small? 回答 It’s big.
It’s small.
3) 特殊疑问句
① 问年龄 How old is Lucy? She is twelve.
② 问种类 What kind of movies do you like? I like actio
n movies and comedies.

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③ 问身体状况 How is your uncle? He is wellfine.
④ 问方式 How docan you spell it? L-double O-K.
How do we contact you? My e-mail address is cindyjone
s@.
⑤ 问原因 Why do you want to join the club?
⑥ 问时间 What’s the time? (=What time is it?) It’s a
quarter to ten a.m..
What time do you usually get up, Rick? At five o’clock.
When do you want to go? Let’s go at 7:00.
⑦ 问地方 Where’s my backpack? It’s under the table.
⑧ 问颜色 What color are they? They are light blue.
What’s your favourite color? It’s black.
⑨ 问人物 Who’s that? It’s my sister.
Who is the boy in blue? My brother.
Who isn’t at school? Peter and Emma.
Who are Lisa and Tim talking to?
⑩ 问东西 What’s thisthat (in English)? It’s a pencil ca
se.
What else can you see in the picture? I can see some br
occoli, strawberries and hamburgers.
11问姓名 What’s your aunt’s name? Her name is Helen.
She’s Helen.

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What’s your first name? My first name’s Ben.
What’s your family name? My family name’s Smith.
12 问哪一个 Which do you like? I like one in the box.
13 问字母 What letter is it? It’s big Dsmall f.
14 问价格 How much are these pants? They’re 15 dolla
rs.
15 问电话号码 What’s your phone number? It’s 576-834
9.
16 问谓语(动作) What’s he doing? He’s watching TV.
17 问职业(身份) What do you do? I’m a teacher.
What’s your father? He’s a doctor.
三、时态
1、一般现在时 表示普遍、经常性的或长期性的动作时使用一般现
在时，它有：
Be 动词：She’s a worker. Is she a worker? She isn’t a
worker.
情态动词：I can play the piano. Can you play the piano? I
can’t play the piano.
行为动词：They want to eat some tomatoes. Do they want
to eat any tomatoes? They don’t want to eat any toma
toes.

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Gina has a nice watch. Does Gina have a nice watch? Gi
na doesn’t have a watch.
2、现在进行时 表示动词在此时正在发生或进行就使用进行时
态，结构为sb be v-ing sth + 其它.
I’m playing baseball. Are you playing baseball? I’m not
playing baseball.
Nancy is writing a letter. Is Nancy writing a letter? Nancy
isn’t writing a letter.
They’re listening to the pop music. Are they listening th
e pop music? They aren’t listening to the pop music.