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超全面的英语语法图解

作者:高考题库网
来源:https://www.bjmy2z.cn/gaokao
2020-10-21 04:50
tags:英语语法学习

rampant-偷英文

2020年10月21日发(作者:柏克寒)


超全面的英语语法图解
一.名词
I. 名词的种类:
II. 名词的数:
1. 规则名词的复数形式:
名词的复数形式,一般在单数形式后面加-s或- es。现将构成方法与读音规则列表如
下:

2. 不规则名词复数:
英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的,现归纳如下:

III. 名词的所有格:


名词在句中表示所有关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格。所有格分两种:一是名词词
尾加’s构成,二是由介词of加名词构成。前者多表示有生命的东西,后者多表示无
生命的东西。
1. ’s所有格的构成:


2. ’s所有格的用法:

3. of所有格的用法:
用于无生命的东西:the legs of the chair, the cover of the book
用于有生命的东西,尤其是有较长定语时:the classrooms of the first-year students
用于名词化的词:the struggle of the oppressed
二.冠词
冠词分为不定冠词(a, an),定冠词(the),和零冠词。
I. 不定冠词的用法:



三.代词:
I. 代词可以分为以下七大类:

II. 不定代词用法注意点:
1. one, some与any:


1) one 可以泛指任何人,也可特指,复数为ones。some多用于肯定句,any多用
于疑问句和否定句。
One should learn to think of others.
Have you any bookmarks? No, I don’t have any bookmarks.
I have some questions to ask.
2) some可用于疑问句中,表示盼望得到肯定的答复,或者表示建议,请求等。
Would you like some bananas?
Could you give me some money?
3) some 和any修饰可数名词单数时,some表示某个,any表示任何一个。
I have read this article in some magazine.
Please correct the mistakes, if any.
4) some和数词连用表示“大约”,any可与比较级连用表示程度。
There are some 3,000 students in this school.
Do you feel any better today?
2. each和every:
each强调个别,代表的数 可以是两个或两个以上,而every强调整体,所指的数必
须是三个或三个以上。
Each student has a pocket dictionary. Each (of us) has a dictionary. We each
have a dictionary.
Every student has strong and weak points. Every one of us has strong and weak
points.


3. none和no:
no等于not any,作定语。none作主语 或宾语,代替不可数名词,谓语用单数,代
替可数名词,谓语单复数皆可以。
There is no water in the bottle.
How much water is there in the bottle? None.
None of the students are (is) afraid of difficulties.
4. other和another:
1) other泛指“另外的,别的”常与其他词连用,
如:the other day, every other week, some other reason, no other way,
the other特指两者中的另外一个,复数为the others。
如: He held a book in one hand and his notes in the other.
Two students in our class failed, but all the others passed the exam.
2) another指“又一个,另一个”无所指,复数形式是others,泛指“别的人或事”如:
I don’t like this shirt, please show me another (one).
The trousers are too long, please give me another pair some others.
Some like football, while others like basketball. 5. all和both, neither和either
all表示不可数名词时,其谓语动词用单数。 both和all加否定词表示部分否定,全
部否定用neither和none.


All of the books are not written in English. Not all of the books are written in
English.
Both of us are not teachers. Not both of us are teachers. Either of us is a
teacher.
四.形容词和副词
I. 形容词:
1. 形容词的位置:
1) 形容词作定语通常前置,但在下列情况后置:

II. 副词
副词的分类:



III. 形容词和副词比较等级:
形容词和副词的比较等级分为原级,比较级和最高级。比较级和最高级的构成一般
是在形容词和副词后 加-er和-est,多音节和一些双音节词前加more 和most。
1. 同级比较时常常用 as…as…以及not so(as)…as…如:I am not so good a player
as you are.
2. 可以修饰比较级的词有:much, many, a lot, even, far, a bit, a little, still, yet, by
far, any, a great deal。
3. 表示一方随另一方变化时用“the more…the more…”句型。如:The harder you
work, the more progress you will make.
4. 用比较级来表达最高级的意思。如:I have never spent a more worrying day.
5. 表示倍数的比较级有如下几种句型:
Our school is three times larger than school is four times as large as
school is four times the size of yours.
6. 表示“最高程度“的形容词没有最高级和比较级。如:favourite, excellent, extreme,
perfect。
五.介词
I. 介词分类:




六.动词
I. 动词的时态:
1. 动词的时态一共有16种,以ask为例,将其各种时态的构成形式列表如下:

2. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别:
1) 现在完成时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状况,但和现在有联 系,强调的是对现
在造成的影响或结果,它不能同表示过去的时间状语连用,汉译英时可加“已经”等词 。
简言之,利用过去,说明现在。
如: I have already read the novel written by the world-famous writer. (已经看过,
且了解这本书的内容)


2) 一般过去时只表示过去发生的动作 或状态,和现在无关,它可和表示过去的时间
状语连用,汉译英时可加“过”,“了”等词。简言之,仅 谈过去,不关现在。
如: I read the novel last month. (只说明上个月看了,不涉及现在是否记住) I lived
in Beijing for ten years.(只说明在北京住过十年,与现在无关)
3. 现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别: 两者都可以表示“从过去开始一直持续到
现在”,在含义上如着 重表示动作的结果时,多用现在完成时,如着重表示动作一直
在进行,即动作的延续性时,则多用现在完 成进行时。一般不能用于进行时的动词
也不能用于现在完成进行时。 I have read that book.我读过那本书了。
I have been reading that book all the morning. 我早上一直在读那本书。
4. 一般将来时的表达方式:

II. 动词的被动语态:



七.情态动词
I. 情态动词基本用法:


II. 情态动词must, may, might, could, can表示推测:
以must为例。must + do(be)是推测现在存在的一般状态进行;must + be doing 推
测可能正在进行的事情;must +have done是推测可能已经发生过的事情。
1. must“肯定,一定”语气强,只用于肯定句中。
He must be a man from America. He must be talking with his friend. He must
have already arrived there.
2. may和might“也许”,后者语气弱,更没有把握。可用于肯定句和否定句。 He may
not be at home. They might have finished their task.
3. can和could“可能”,could表示可疑的可能性,不及c an’t语气强,用于肯定、否
定、疑问句中。
The weather in that city could be cold now.
We could have walked there; it was so near.(推测某事本来可能发生,但实际上没
有发生)
Can he be in the office now? No, he can’t be there, for I saw him in the library just
now.(语气很强,常用于疑问句和否定句中)
III. 情态动词注意点:
1. can和be able to: 都可以表示能力。但be able to可以表达“某事终于成功”,而
can无法表达此意。Be able to有更多的时态。另外,两者不能重叠使用。
2. used to和would: used to表示过去常常做现在已经不再有的习惯,而would只表
示过去的习惯或喜好,不涉及现在。 3. need和dare作情态动词和实义动词的区别:


两者作情态动词时常用于否定句和疑问句。其形式为:needn’tdaren’t do;
Needdare…do…?
做实义动词时可用于肯定句,否定句和疑问句。其形式为 :
need(needsneeded)dare(daresdared) to do, don’t(doesn’tdidn’t) needdare to
do
八.非谓语动词
I. 非谓语动词的分类、意义及构成:



IV. 非谓语动词做定语的区别:

九.定语从句
I. 定语从句起了形容词的作用,在句中修饰一个名词或代词。被修饰的词叫做先行
词,引导 定语从句的词叫关系词,他的作用一是放在先行词与定语从句中间起了连
接作用,二是在从句中担当一个 成分,并与先行词保持数的一致。




III. as与which的区别:

十.名词性从句



十一。状语从句

十二。倒装句

十三。虚拟语气




十四。重要句型 奇速英语乐中学一直在为调动你的学习积极性而努力
1. It was not untilmidnight thathe finished his task.
2. Not untilhe came back from abroad was Iable to see him again.
3. The harderyou work,the greaterprogressyou will make.
4. He walked around the house, gun in hand.
5. May you bein good health!
6. Wishyou a pleasant journey back home!
7. The professor was a humorous man withbig nose and deep-set eyes.
8. What surprised me mostwas his imagination and patience.
9. He lay on the grass, with his eyes looking at the sky and his hands under his
head.
10. Sitting under the treeare Mr. Green and his first teacher.


11. On the wallhang two pictures of famous scientists.
12. Looking back upon those past years, he couldn’t help feelingvery proud.
13. No sooner(Hardly)had he arrived at the theatre than(when)the play started.
14. Young as he is, he has learned advanced mathematics.
15. How I regretthe hours wasted in the woods and fields!
16. There standsa beautiful vase in the corner of the room.
17. Ten miles north of the townlies a paper factory.
18. Theregoes the bell.
19. Nowherehas the world ever seen such a bird as here.
20. It is no usecrying for help.
21. If onlyI had been your student in the middle school!
22. It is believed thatsuch a thing will not happen again.
23. Onlywhen he explained did I realize the reason for this.
24. “He works particularly hard.” “So he does, and so do you.”
25. Not onlyAlice but alsoJane and Mary are tired of having one examination after
another.
26. Suchwas Albert Einstein, a simple person of great achievements.
十五。动词搭配
1.
add to增加,增进
add … to把…加进…


add up相加
add up to总计,所有这一切说明
2.
break away from打破,脱离,挣脱,改掉
break down出毛病,身体(精神)衰弱,分解,拆开
break off暂停,中断
break in强行进入,插话
break into闯入
break into pieces成为碎片
break out爆发
break up捣碎,驱散,瓦解,学期结束,拆散
break through突破
3.
bring up抚养,呕吐,提出
bring about造成
bring out拿出,出版
bring in引入,引进,挣钱


bring back使回想起
bring down使下降,使倒下
4.
call on号召,拜访(某人)
call at拜访、参观(某地)
call for去叫某人, 要求, 需要
call up使回忆起, 征召入伍
call in召集,请某人来
call out大喊,高叫
call off取消,不举行
5.
come about发生,出现
come down下跌,落,降,传下来
come in进来
come into (sightbeingexistenceusenoticeeffect)
come on来临 快点
come out出版,结果是
come along一道来,赶快


come to达到 (an endan agreementa stop)苏醒,合计,总共是
come over走过来
come up发芽,走近
come across偶然碰到
come back回想起
come from来自,源自
6.
cut across抄近路
cut down砍倒,削减
cut off切断,割掉,断绝关系
cut up连根拔除,切碎
through剪断,凿穿
cut out删(省)掉,戒掉
cut in插嘴
7.
die of (diseasehungergriefold age)死于(疾病,饥饿,寒冷,情感原因)
die from死于(意外事故、情形)


die away渐渐消逝
die out绝种
die down(炉火)渐熄
die off逐一死去
8.
fall behind落后
fall over one's feet 跌跤
fall down掉下,跌倒
fall back撤退,后退
9.
go in for从事,喜爱,参加
go through通过,经受
go over复习,检查
go up(价格)上涨,建造起来
go after追捕,追赶
go against违反
go ahead先行,开始吧,问吧,说吧


go away离开
go by时间过去
go down下沉,降低,(日、月)西沉
go on(with)继续进行
go with相配,陪同
go without没有,缺少
go out外出,熄灭
go all out全力以赴
go off爆炸,进行,变坏,断电,停止供应
go back on背约,食言
go beyond超出
10.
get down下来,记下,使沮丧
get down to致力于,专心于
get on进展,进步,穿上,上车
get off脱下,下车
get in收集,插(话)


get away逃跑,逃脱,去休假
get over忘记,越过,克服,从疾病中恢复
get along with进展,相处
get up起床
get through打通电话,完成,通过
get round消息传开
get close to sth. 接近,几乎
get into (trouble)
get to (know)
get back取回,收回
11.
give away赠送,泄露,出卖
give out发出,疲劳,分发,公布
give off发出(光、热、气体)
give in (to sb.) 屈服
give up放弃,让(座位)
12.
hand in交上,提交


hand out分发
hand down流传,遗传
13.
hang about闲逛
hang up挂电话
14.
hold back阻止,隐瞒
hold up举起,使停顿
hold on别挂电话,等,坚持
hold out持续,坚持,伸出
hold down控制,镇压
15.
keep up (courage, English, spirits)保持,
keep up with跟上
keep off (grass)不接近,离开
keep away from避开,不接近,离…远远的
keep out of
keep to (rules, promise)坚持,遵守


keep on继续,坚持下来
keep back阻止,留下,隐瞒,扣下
keep from克制,阻止
16.
knock aton敲
knock into撞到某人身上
knock down撞倒
knock out of把…敲出
knock over撞倒
knock off停止工作,休息
17.
leave for离开前往
leave out删去,遗漏
leave behind遗留,忘记拿走
leave to留给,遗嘱赠于
leave over遗留,剩下,延期
18.
look up查找,向上看


look through翻阅,浏览
look on旁观
look on…as看作
look into调查
look after at for 照顾看寻找
look out(for)当心
look about aroundround四下查看
look down upon瞧不起
look back upon回忆,回顾
look ab. up and down仔细打量某人
look ab in the faceeyes直视某人
19.
make up编造,配制,打扮,组成
make up for弥补
make into of from 制成
make out弄懂,发现,看出,填写,开列(清单)
make for走向,驶往,促使


20.
pass away去世
pass by经过
pass down(on)…to传给
pass through经历
pass over漠视,忽视
21.
pay back还钱,报复
pay for付钱,为…受到惩罚,因…得到报应
pay off还清
22.
pick up拾起,获得(information),接人,站起,收听,自然习得(language knowledge),
恢复重获(pick up health)
pick out挑选,辨认,看出
1) I picked the information __________ while waiting in the queue.
2) My friend has arranged to pick me _________ at 6:00.
3) The patient has picked _________ health during the last two weeks.
4) She picked _______ the most expensive pair of shoes.
5) I can't pick John ___________ in the crowd.


6) Can I pick __________ VOA with this short-wave radio?
7) He fell down suddenly, but picked himself ___________ quickly.
(up, up, up, out, out, up, up)
pick cottonflowerleaveswords选词
23.
put up搭起,张贴,举起,安装,投宿,安排住下
put up with忍受
put out伸出,扑灭
put off推迟
put into放进,翻译
put away放好,存钱
put down记下,平息
put on穿戴,上映,增加(put on weightspeed)
put forward 提出,提前
put through 接通电话
put aside放到一边
put back放回
1) He put _________ half his wage every week.


2) The government soon put __________ the revolt(暴乱).
3) Put your watch __________. It's slow.
4) He put __________ his hand for me to shake.
5). Please put me __________ to Extension(分机)2.
6) We put ___________ for night at the village inn.
7) He is very proud, and he often put _________ airs.(摆架子)
8) We had a telephone put _____________ in our office.
9) I can't put __________ with your laziness.
(away, down, forward, out, through, up, on, up, up)
24.
pull down拆掉,推翻
pull on匆匆穿上 off 脱
pull in进站
pull out取出,(火车)离站
pull down往下拉,拆毁
pull over驶到一边
pull through恢复健康,渡过难关,脱离险境
pull up(使)停住


1) The train slowly pulled __________ and disappeared in the distance.
2) All the old houses here have now been pulled ______, and new ones are to be
built.
3) The car pulled _________ when I blew the horn.
4) The doctor thinks the man will pull __________.
5) The driver pulled ________ at the traffic lights.
(out, down, over, through, up)
25.
push over推倒,刮倒
push ahead(on, forward)继续前进,坚持下去
push through排除困难办好谋事,努力设法通过,挤过
1) We've decided to push __________ with our plan to build a new road
2) Many trees were pushed __________ in the hurricane.
3) They were determined to push the new rules ________ at any cost..
4) Take care not to push the baby _________.
5) They pushed ___________ the crowd and at last reached us.
(on, over, through, over, through )
26.
run across偶然碰到
run after追逐,追捕


run away逃跑
run for竞选
run into偶然碰到(困难)遇见(人),相撞
run out of用完
1) If you drive so fast, you'll run _________ someone some day.
2) I ran __________ a friend of mine in the exhibition.
3) Our water has run __________. Can you fill up some more bottles?
4) Why do you always run __________ adventure?
5) He didn't want to run ___________ president that year.
6) In that way you will only run __________ difficulties.
(答案详见奇速英语微信公众号qisuen)
27.
see off送行
see through看透,识破
see to照料,照管
28.
send for派人去请
send off送行


send out发出(光亮)等
send up发射
29.
set up建立
set off出发,触发,引起
set out动身,着手(to do),陈述
set about开始着手(doing)
set to work(n.)开始做
set back拨回,使推迟
1) I shall set my watch ___________ by five minutes.
2) We set __________ reading the text aloud immediately the bell rang.
3) We set _________ at daybreak yesterday and we've been travelling ever since
then.
4) I set __________ to advise him not to drink.
5) What were the reasons he set ___________ in his report?
6) The president set __________ a special group of soldiers to guard him.
7) The unpopular law set _________ a series of protests.(抗议)
((答案详见奇速英语微信公众号qisuen))
30.


take off脱掉,起飞
take on呈现 雇佣
take away拿走
take in吸收,领会
take up从事,占用(时间空间)
take down记录,取下
take back收回
take for误认为
take along随身带
take over接管
take out 把..带出去,取出,拿出
take charge of负责
take sth. for granted想当然
take hold of抓住
take pride in以… ……为自豪
take the place of, 代替
take turns to do轮流做


take office就职
1) I take _________ all I said about his dishonesty.
2) He went to the shelf and took __________ a book of poems.
3) At first I took him _________ a doctor.
4) I can see that most of you have taken ________ everything that the teacher
taught.
5) Bill has now taken __________ his father's business.
6) My job takes __________ most of my time.
7) The boss took ____________ twenty people for his new company.
((答案详见奇速英语微信公众号qisuen))
31.
think of想起
think of…as把…看作
think out想出
think up想出
think about考虑
think over仔细考虑
think well of sb. 对某人看法好
32.


turn off on打开
turn over翻身,反复考虑,翻(书页),翻转
turn out证明为,结果,制造成品
turn to转向,求助
turn down调低,拒绝
turn against变得敌视,反对
turn away打发走,驱逐,转过脸去
turn back返回,转回去
turn round转过身来
turn up向上翻,露面,出现,音量调大
turn in上缴
turn upside down把倒置,弄得乱七八糟
1) The child turned __________ its mother for comfort.
2) Turn ___________ and let me see your face.
3) However much he turned the problem ________ in mind, he could find no
satisfactory solution.
4) The English evening party turned _________ a great success.
5) The sight of the accident was too much for her to bear, and she turned
_______.


6) The football stadium was full, and many people had to be turned __________.
7) The army turned him ___________ on account of (因为) his poor health.
8) She turned the whole house ___________ in her search for her missing purse.
9) Where did your purse turn ____________? I found it in the snow.
10) The villagers suddenly turned __________ the foreigners who lived nearby.
11) The factory turns ____________ 2000 new cars last year.
(to, round, over, out, away, away, down, upside down, up, against, out)

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