鍊怎么读-bite怎么读音
句子成分及名词
1.
句子的组成部分,包括主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、同位语七种
主语和谓语是英语句子的两
大成分,除少数句子(如祈使句和感叹句等)外,一句话必
须同时具有主语和谓语所表达的意思才能完整
。
主语:He bought a book . China is a big
country.
谓语:I like dogs. He is good at
English.(由不同形式的动词充当)
宾语:I have a dog. My
father bought me a book.
定语:That is a
beautiful flower.I have something to do.
状语:He
speaks English very well.I saw a bird in the
tree.I went to school yesterday.
补语:We hear
him singing.
表语:I am a looks beautiful.
同位语:We all like sports. We Chinese people are
brave and hardworking.
一个主语谓语是唯一的
Tom and
I are good friends.
I want to buy a car, but I
have no money.
He got up early, got dressed
and went out
2. 名词
一. 分类
专有名词: 人名
星期、月份、节日
建筑、街道
国家、城市
非专有名词 可数名词 (单数复数)(个体名词集体名词)
不可数名词(物资名词抽象名词)
二.相关知识点精讲
1.名词复数的规则变化
情况
一般情况
构成方法
加 -s
读音
清辅音后读s
map-maps
例词
浊辅音和元音后读
bag-bags car-cars
z
以s, sh, ch,
x等结
尾
以ce, se, ze,等结尾
加 -es
加 -s
读 iz
读 iz
读 z
bus-buses watch-
watches
license-licenses
baby---babies
以辅音字母+y结尾 变y 为i再加
es
2.其它名词复数的规则变化
1) 以y结尾的专有名词,或元音字母+y 结尾的名词变复数时,直接加s变复数。例如:
two Marys the Henrys
monkey---monkeys holiday---
holidays
2) 以o 结尾的名词,变复数时:
a. 加s,如:
photo---photos piano---pianos
radio---radios zoo---zoos;
b.
加es,如:potato--potatoes tomato--tomatoes
c. 上述a和b两种方法均可,如zero---zeros zeroes。
3) 以f或fe 结尾的名词变复数时:
a. 加s,如:
belief---beliefs roof---roofs
safe---safes gulf---gulfs;
b.
去f,fe 加ves,如:half---halves
knife---
knives leaf---leaves wolf---wolves
wife---wives life---lives thief---
thieves;
c. 上述a和b两种方法均可,如handkerchief:
handkerchiefs handkerchieves。
3.名词复数的不规则变化
1) child---children foot---feet
tooth---teeth
mouse---mice man---men
woman---women
注意:由一个词加 man 或
woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是 -men 和-women,如an
Englishman,two Englishmen。但German不是合成词,故复数形式为G
ermans;Bowman是
姓,其复数是the Bowmans。
2)
单复同形,如deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese
,li,jin,yuan,two li,three mu,
four
jin等。但除人民币的元、角、分外,美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如:a dollar,
two dollars; a meter, two meters。
3)集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数。例如:
people police
cattle 等本身就是复数,不能说 a people,a police,a
cattle,但可以说a person,
a policeman,a head of
cattle, the English,the British,the French,the
Chinese,the Japanese,
the Swiss
等名词,表示国民总称时,作复数用,如The Chinese are industries and
brave. 中
国人民是勤劳勇敢的。
4) 以s结尾,仍为单数的名词,如:
a. maths,politics,physics等学科名词,一般是不可数名词,为单数。
b. news 为不可数名词。
c. the United States,the
United Nations 应视为单数。
The United Nations
was organized in 1945. 联合国是1945年组建起来的。
d.
以复数形式出现的书名,剧名,报纸,杂志名,也可视为单数。例如:
《一千零一夜》是一本非常有趣
的故事书。
5)
表示由两部分构成的东西,如:glasses (眼镜) trousers,
clothes等,若表达具体数
目,要借助数量词 pair(对,双); suit(套); a
pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers等。
6) 另外
还有一些名词,其复数形式有时可表示特别意思,如:goods货物,waters水域,
fishe
s(各种)鱼。
4. 不可数名词量的表示
1)物质名词
a.
当物质名词转化为个体名词时为可数。
比较:Cake is a kind of food.
蛋糕是一种食物。 (不可数)
These cakes are sweet. 这些蛋糕很好吃。
(可数)
b. 当物质名词表示该物质的种类时,可数。例如:
This factory
produces steel. (不可数)
We need various steels.
(可数)
c. 当物质名词表示份数时,可数。例如:
Our country is
famous for tea. 我国因茶叶而闻名。
Two teas, please.
请来两杯茶。
2) 抽象名词表示具体的事例时也可数。例如:
four
freedoms 四大自由 the four modernizations四个现代化
物质名词和抽象名词可以借助单位词表一定的数量,如a glass of water 一杯水 a
piece of
advice 一则建议。
5. 定语名词的复数
名词作定语一般用单数,但也有以下例外。
1) 用复数作定语。例如:
sports meeting 运动会 students reading-room
学生阅览室
talks table 谈判桌 the
foreign languages department 外语系
2) man,
woman, gentleman等作定语时,其单复数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定。例如:
men workers women teachers gentlemen officials
3) 有些原有s结尾的名词,作定语时,s保留。例如:
goods
train (货车) arms produce 武器生产
customs papers 海关文件 clothes brush 衣刷
4)
数词+名词作定语时,这个名词一般保留单数形式。例如:
two-dozen eggs 两打鸡蛋
a ten-mile walk 十英里路
two-hundred trees 两百棵树 a
five-year plan. 一个五年计划
6. 不同国籍人的单复数
国籍
中国人
瑞士人
澳大利亚人
俄国人
意大利人
希腊人
法国人
日本人
美国人
印度人
加拿大人
德国人
英国人
瑞典人
总称(谓语用复数)
the Chinese
the Swiss
the Russians
the Italians
the Greek
the French
the Japanese
the Americans
the Indians
the
Canadians
the Germans
the English
the
Swedish
a Swiss
a Russian
an Italian
a Greek
a Frenchman
a Japanese
an
American
an Indian
a Canadian
a
Germans
an Englishman
a Swede
单数
a
Chinese
复数
two Chinese
two Swiss
two Australians
two Russians
two
Italians
two Greeks
two Frenchmen
two
Japanese
two Americans
two Indians
two
Canadians
two Germans
two Englishmen
two Swedes
the Australians an
Australian
7. 名词的格
英语中有些名词可以加来表示所有关系,带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有
格,如:a
teacher's book。名词所有格的规则如下:
1)
单数名词词尾加,复数名词词尾没有s,也要加,如the boy's bag
男孩的书包,
men's room 男厕所。
2) 若名词已有复数词尾-s
,只加,如:the workers' struggle 工人的斗争。
3)
凡不能加的名词,都可以用名词+of +名词的结构来表示所有关系,如:the title of
the song 歌的名字。
4)
在表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时,名词所有格的后面常常不出现它所修饰的名
词,如:the
barber's 理发店。
5)
如果两个名词并列,并且分别有's,则表示分别有;只有一个's,则表示'共有'。例
如:
John's and Mary's rooms(两间) John and Mary's
room(一间)
6) 复合名词或短语,'s 加在最后一个词的词尾。例如:a month
or two's absence
三.巩固练习
students at
colleges or universities are making ______ for the
coming New Year.
a. many preparations b.
much preparation c. preparations d.
preparation
g in _____ is one of their spare-
time activities.
a. oil b. an oil
c. oils d. the oil
the view of the
foreign experts, there wasn’t ____ oil here.
a. much b. lots of c. a great
deal of d. many
large houses are being
painted, but ______.
a. of great expense
b. at a great expense
c. in a lot of
expenses d. by high expense
room was
small and contained far too ______.
new
furniture c. much new furnitures
new
furniture d. many new furnitures
was
late for two classes this morning. He said that he
forgot both of the ______.
a. rooms number
b. room number c. room’s numbers d. room
numbers
ers can do ______ work in a short
time, but a man can not do ______ by himself.
a great many…many c. much…a great deal
deal of…much d. many…a great many
didn’t know _____ he had been given.
a.
how many information c. how many
informations
b. the number of information d.
how much information
invited all of his
______ to join his wedding party.
a. comrade-
in-arms c. comrades-in-arm
b.
comrades-in-arms d. comrade-in-arm
the ______ in the hospital got a rise last month.
a. women doctors c. woman
doctors
b. women doctor d.
woman doctor
ten years, all these youngsters
became_____.
a. growns-ups c.
growns-up
b. grown-up d.
grown-ups
police investigated those _____
about the accident.
a. stander-by
c. standers-by
b. stander-bys
d. standers-bys
Nazi kept those ______ in
their concentration camp.
er-of-wars
c. prisoners-of-war
ers-of-wars d.
prisoner-of-war
manager was greatly
appreciate that _____ made by Linda lately.
a.
new reel b. news reel c. new-reels d.
news reels
’s dress is similar in appearance
to her ______.
a. elder sister
b. elder sister’s
c. elder sisters
d. elder sisters dress
the people at the
conference are ______.
a. mathematic
teachers c. mathematics teacher
atics
teachers d. mathematic’s teachers
sor
Mackay told us that ______ of lead are its
softness and its resistance.
a. some property
c. properties
b. some properties
d. property
s _____ with matter and motion.
a. deal b. deals c. dealing
d. are
四.答案
3.C 4.C 5.A 6.C 7.A 8.D 9.C
10.D 11.C 12.A 13.D 14.B 15.B 16.B 17.B 18.C CB