英语语法常用词语

English grammar terms often used 英语语法常用词语

1．Parts of speech 词类
noun 名词 pronoun 代词 numeral ?nju?m?r?l 数词adjective 形容词
verb动词adverb副词 article 冠词 preposition介词 conjunction连词
interjection感叹词 particle 小品词

2. Word building 构词法
conversion 转化derivation ?der??ve??n 派生affixation|?f?k?se???n|词缀法
prefix ?pri?f?ks 前缀 suffix ?s?f?ks 后缀compound words 合成词

3．Classification of nouns名词的分类
common nouns普通名词proper nouns 专有名词
individual nouns个体名词collective nouns集合名词
material nouns物质名词 abstract nouns 抽象名词
countable nouns 可数名词uncountable nouns不可数名词
the singular form 单数形式the plural form 复数形式
the common case 普通格the possessive[p??zes?v] case 所有格
the subjective case 主格the objective case 宾格
person 人称third person singular 第三人称单数

fication of pronouns代词的分类
personal pronouns人称代词possessive pronouns物主代词
reflexive[r??fleks?v] pronoun反身代词
demonstrative[d??mɑ:nstr?t?v] pronouns指示代词
interrogative [??nt??rɑ:g?t?v] pronouns 疑问代词
conjunctive pronouns连接代词
relative pronouns关系代词
reciprocal[r??s?pr?kl] pronouns 相互代词
indefinite pronouns 不定代词

5．数词、形容词、冠词
cardinal[?kɑ:rd?nl] numerals 基数词ordinal [??:rd?nl] numerals 序数词
fractional [?fr?k??n?l] numerals 分数词the comparative degree 比较级
the superlative [su:?p?:rl?t?v degree最高级The definite article 定冠词
the indefinite article 不定冠词

6．Classification of verbs动词的分类
national verbs实义动词link-verbs系动词
auxiliary verbs助动词 modal verbs情态动词
transitive verbs 及物动词intransitive verbs不及物动词
regular verbs 规则动词irregular verbs不规则动词
the present forms现在式the past forms过去式

the participle分词 the present participle现在分词
the past participle过去分词the infinitive 不定式
the gerund [?d?er?nd]动名词bare infinitive 不带to的不定式

7．Tense 时态
the present tense 一般现在时 the past tense 一般过去时
the future tense一般将来时the past future tense一般过去将来时
the present continuous现在进行时the past continuous 过去进行时
the future continuous将来进行时 the past future continuous过去将来进行时
the present perfect 现在完成时the past perfect过去完成时
the future perfect将来完成时the past future perfect 过去将来完成时
the present perfect continuous现在完成进行时
the future perfect continuous 将来完成进行时
the past future perfect continuous过去将来完成进行时

8．Voice 语态、Mood 语气
the passive voice 被动语态the active voice主动语态
the indicative[?n?d?k?t?v] mood陈述语气
the imperative[?m?per?t?v] mood 祈使语气
the subjunctive mood虚拟语气

9．Classification of adverbs副词的分类
adverbs of place 地点副词adverbs of time 时间副词
adverbs of degree程度副词adverbs of manner 方式副词
adverbs of frequency频度副词relative adverbs关系副词
interrogative adverbs疑问副词conjunctive adverbs连接副词

10． Members of the sentence句子成分
the subject主语 the predicate['pred?k?t]谓语
the predicative[pr??d?k?t?v]表语 the object 宾语 the attribute定语the
adverbial状语 the appositive同位语
independent elements独立成分the direct object 直接宾语
the indirect object 间接宾语parenthesis [p??renθ?s?s]插入语
the double possessive 双重所有格the formal subjectobject 形式主语宾语
subject complement 主语补足语 object complement 宾语补足语

11．Classification of sentences句子的分类
declarative sentences [d??kl?r?t?v]陈述句imperative sentences祈使句
exclamatory[?k?skl?m?t?:ri] sentences感叹句interrogative sentences疑问句
general questions一般疑问句 special questions特殊疑问句
alternative questions选择疑问句disjunctive questions 反意疑问句
tag questions 附加疑问句simple sentences 简单句
compound sentences 复合句 complex sentences 并列句
elliptical[??l?pt?kl] sentences 省略句preposition phrases 介词短语

phrase 短语infinitive phrases 不定式短语the question word 疑问词

12．Clauses kl??z 从句
main clauses主句subordinate [s??b?:d?n?t] clause从句
subject clauses 主语从句theantecedent [??nt??si:dnt]先行词
object clauses宾语从句direct speech 直接引语
indirect speech 间接引语predicate clauses 谓语从句
predicative clauses 表语从句attributive clauses定语从句
restrictive attributive clauses 限定性定语从句
non-restrictive attributive clauses 非限定性定语从句
appositive clauses同位语从句adverbial clauses状语从句
adverbial clauses
oftimeplacecauseconditiondegreeresultc oncessionpurposecomparison
manner 时间地点原因条件程度结果让步目的比较方式状语从句
sentences of real condition真实条件句
sentences of unreal condition 虚拟条件句
natural word-order 自然语序inverted word- order 倒装语序
full inversion完全倒装partial inversion 部分倒装
ellipsis[??l?ps?s]省略transformation of sentences 句型转换
analysis[??n?l?s?s] of sentences 句子分析

13. Punctuation 标点符号
periodfull stop句号comma[?kɑ:m?]逗号semicolon[?semi?k??l?n]分号
colon[?k??l?n]冒号dash[d??]破折号hyphen[?ha?fn]连字号
brackets [br?k?ts]括号question mark 问号
quotation [kwo??te??n] marks引号apostrophe [??pɑ:str?fi]省略号

14．The pronunciation of English英语发音
international phonetic国际音标 the sounds of English 英语语音
vowels 元音pure vowels单元音diphthongs [?d?fθ?:?]双元音
semi-vowel 半元音consonants [?k?ns?n?nt]辅音nasal[?ne?zl]鼻音
pl osive[?pl??s?v]爆破音fricative[?fr?k?t?v]磨擦音affricate [??fr?k?t]破擦音
voiced sounds浊音 voiceless清音
length mark 长音符号stress 重读main stress主重读音节
secondary stress次重读音节 unstressed非重读音节
rhythm[?r???m]节奏 intonation语调a level pitch 平调
rising tune升调falling tune 降调