常用英语语法术语表

常用英语语法术语表
句法 syntax

词法 morphology

结构 structure

层次 rank

句子 sentence

从句 clause

词组 phrase

词类 part of speech

单词 word

实词 notional word

虚词 structural word

单纯词simple word

派生词derivative

复合词compound

词性part of speech

名词 noun

专有名词 proper noun

普通名词 common noun

可数名词 countable noun

不可数名词 uncountable noun

抽象名词 abstract noun




具体名词 concret noun

物质名词 material noun

集体名词 collective noun

个体名词 individual noun

介词 preposition

连词 conjunction

动词 verb

主动词 main verb

及物动词 transitive verb

不及物动词 intransitive verb

系动词 link verb

助动词 auxiliary verb

情态动词 modal verb

规则动词 regular verb

不规则动词 irregular verb

短语动词 phrasal verb

限定动词 finite verb

非限定动词 infinite verb

使役动词 causative verb

感官动词 verb of senses

动态动词 event verb

静态动词 state verb

感叹词 exclamation

形容词 adjective

副词 adverb

方式副词 adverb of manner

程度副词 adverb of degree

时间副词 adverb of time

地点副词 adverb of place

修饰性副词 adjunct

连接性副词 conjunct

疑问副词 interogative adverb

关系副词 relative adverb

代词 pronoun

人称代词 personal pronoun

物主代词 possesive pronoun

反身代词 reflexive pronoun

相互代词 reciprocal pronoun

指示代词 demonstrative pronoun

疑问代词 interrogative pronoun

关系代词 relative pronoun

不定代词 indefinite pronoun

物主代词 possecive pronoun

名词性物主代词 nominal possesive prnoun

形容词性物主代词 adjectival possesive
pronoun

冠词 article

定冠词 definite article

不定冠词 indefinite article

数词 numeral

基数词 cardinal numeral

序数词 ordinal numeral

分数词 fractional numeral

形式 form

单数形式 singular form

复数形式 plural form

限定动词 finite verb form

非限定动词 non-finite verb form

原形 base form

从句 clause

从属句 subordinate clause

并列句 coordinate clause

名词从句 nominal clause

定语从句 attributive clause

状语从句 adverbial clause

宾语从句 object clause

主语从句 subject clause

同位语从句 appositive clause

时间状语从句 adverbial clause of time

地点状语从句 adverbial clause of place

方式状语从句 adverbial clause of manner

让步状语从句 adverbial clause of concession

原因状语从句 adverbial clause of cause

结果状语从句 adverbial clause of result

目的状语从句 adverbial clause of purpose

条件状语从句 adverbial clause of condition

真实条件状语从句 adverbial clause of real
condition

非真实条件状语从句 adverbial clause of
unreal condition

含蓄条件句 adverbial clause of implied
condition

错综条件句 adverbial clause of mixed
condition

句子 sentence

简单句 simple sentence

并列句 compound sentence

复合句 complex sentence

并列复合句 compound complex sentence

陈述句 declarative sentence

疑问句 interrogative sentence

一般疑问句 general question

特殊疑问句 special question

选择疑问句 alternative question

附加疑问句 tag question

反义疑问句 disjunctive question

修辞疑问句 rhetorical question

感叹疑问句 exclamatory question

存在句 existential sentence

肯定句 positive sentence

基本句型 basic sentence patern

否定句 negative sentence

祈使句 imperative sentence

省略句 elliptical sentence

感叹句 exclamatory sentence

句子成分 members of sentences

主语 subject

谓语 predicate

宾语 object

双宾语 dual object

直接宾语 direct object

间接宾语 indirect object

复合宾语 complex object

同源宾语 cognate object

补语 complement

主补 subject complement

宾补 object complement

表语 predicative

定语 attribute

同位语 appositive

状语 adverbial

句法关系 syntatic relationship

并列 coordinate

从属 subordination

修饰 modification

前置修饰 pre- modification

后置修饰 post-modification

限制 restriction

双重限制 double- restriction

非限制 non-restriction

数 number

单数形式 singular form

复数形式 plural form

规则形式 regular form

不规则形式 irregular form

格 case

普通格 common case

所有格 possessive case

主格 nominative case

宾格 objective case

性 gender

阳性 masculine

阴性 feminine

通性 common

中性 neuter

人称 person

第一人称 first person

第二人称 second person

第三人称 third person

时态 tense

过去将来时 past future tense

过去将来进行时 past future continuous tense

过去将来完成时 past future perfect tense

一般现在时 present simple tense

一般过去时 past simple tense

一般将来时 future simple tense

现在完成时 past perfect tense

过去完成时 present perfect tense

将来完成时 future perfect tense

现在进行时 present continuous tense

过去进行时 past continuous tense

将来进行时 future continuous tense

过去将来进行时 past future continuous tense

现在完成进行时 present perfect continuous
tense

过去完成进行时 past perfect continuous
tense

语态 voice

主动语态 active voice

被动语态 passive voice

语气 mood

陈述语气 indicative mood

祈使语气 imperative mood

虚拟语气 subjunctive mood

否定 negation

否定范围 scope of negation

全部否定 full negation

局部否定 partial negation

转移否定 shift of negation

语序 order

自然语序 natural order

倒装语序 inversion

全部倒装 full inversion

部分倒装 partial inversion

直接引语 direct speech

间接引语 indirect speech

自由直接引语 free direct speech

自由间接引语 free indirect speech

一致 agreement

主谓一致 subject-predicate agreement

语法一致 grammatical agreement

概念一致 notional agreement

就近原则 principle of proximity

强调 emphasis

重复 repetition

语音 pronunciation

语调 tone

升调 rising tone

降调 falling tone

降升调 falling-rising tone

文体 style

正式文体 formal

非正式文体 informal

口语 spokenoral English

套语 formulistic expression

英国英语 British English

美国英语 American English

用法 usage

感情色彩 emotional coloring

褒义 commendatory

贬义 derogatory

幽默 humorous

讽刺 sarcastic

morphology词法
notional实词
form word虚词
word- building构词法
root词根
prefix前缀
suffix后缀
synonym同义词
antonym反义词
conversion转化法
derivation派生法
affixation词缀法
composition合成法
compound复合词
parts of speech词类
noun名词
pronoun代词
numeral数词
adjective形容词
verb动词
adverb副词
article冠词
preposition介词
conjunction连词
interjection感叹词
particle引导词
classification of nouns名词的分类
common noun普通名词
proper noun专有名词
collective noun集合名词
material noun物质名词
abstract noun抽象名词
countable noun可数名词
personal pronoun人称代词
possessive pronoun物主代词
reflexive pronoun反身代词
demonstrative pronoun指示代词
interrogative pronoun疑问代词
relative pronoun关系代词
indefinite pronoun不定代词
reciprocal pronoun相互代词
case格
nominative case主格
objective case宾格
possessive case所有格
singular form单数形式
plural form复数形式
cardinal numeral基数词
ordinal numeral序数词
fraction numeral分数数词
degrees of comparison比较级
positive degree原级
comparative degree比较级
superlative degree最高级
notional verb实义动词
modal verb情态动词
link verb连系动词
auxiliary verb助动词
transitive verb及物动词
intransitive verb不及物动词
regular verb规则动词
irregular verb不规则动词
finite verb限定动词
non-finite verb非限定动词
person人称
number数
gender性
tense时态
voice语态
mood语气
principal forms of verbs动词的主要形式
present form现在形式
past form过去形式
participle分词
present participle现在分词
past participle过去分词
infinitive不定式
gerund动名词
verbal noun动名词
simple present tense一般现在时
simple past tense一般过去时
simple future tense一般将来时
present continuous tense现在进行时
past continuous tense过去进行时
future continuous tense将来进行时
past perfect tense过去完成时
future perfect tense将来完成时

present perfect continuous tense现在完
成进行时
future perfect continuous tense将来完
成进行时
sequence of tenses时态的呼应
passive voice被动语态
active voice主动语态
indicative mood陈述语气
imperative mood祈使语气
subjunctive mood虚拟语气
adverb of time 时间副词
adverb of place地点副词
adverb of manner方式副词
adverb of degree程度副词
adverb of frequency频度副词
conjunctive adverb连接副词
definite article定冠词
indefinite article不定冠词
coordinating conjunction并列连词
subordinating conjunction从属连词
syntax句法
declarative sentence陈述句
imperative sentence祈使句
exclamatory sentence感叹句
interrogative sentence疑问句
general question一般疑问句
special question特殊疑问句
alternative question选择疑问句
disjunctive question反意疑问句
simple sentence简单句
compound sentence并列句
complex sentence复合句
compound complex sentence并列复合句
elliptical sentence省略句
elements of the sentence句子成分
subject主语
predicate谓语
predicative表语
attribute定语
adverbial状语
modifier状语
appositive同位语
independent element独立成分
limiting attribute限定性定语
descriptive attribute描绘性定语
simple predicate简单谓语
compound predicate复合谓语
direct object直接宾语
indirect object间接宾语
complex object复合宾语
cognate object同源宾语
direct address呼语
parenthesis插入语
appended element附加成分
inserted element插入成分
direct speech直接引语
indirect speech间接引语
absolute construction独立结构
phrase短语
participial phrase分词短语
prepositional phrase介词短语
infinitive phrase不定式短语
verb phrase动词短语
clause从句
main clause主句
subordinate clause从句
subject clause主语从句
object clause宾语从句
predicative clause表语从句
attributive clause定语从句
appositive clause同位语从句
adverbial clause状语从句
restrictive attributive clause限制性定
语从句
non-restrictive attributive clause非限
制性定语从句
natural word-order自然语序
inverted word- order倒装语序
inversion倒装
ellipsis省略
transformation of sentence句型的转换
analysis of sentence句子分析
punctuation marks标点符号
period 句号
full stop句号
question mark问号
exclamation mark感叹号
comma逗号

semicolon分号
colon冒号
dash破折号
hyphen连字号
quotation marks引号
parenthesis括号
apostrophe撇号（所有号，重音号，省字号）