英语语法十大难点、重点

英语语法十大难点、重点
英语语法十大难点、重点
1． 时态（将来完成时、过去完成时、情态动词完成式、非谓语动词完成式）
1) Between 1897 and 1919 at least 29 motion pictures in which artificial beings were portrayed had
been produced.
2) By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed in Europe for two weeks.
3) My pain must have been apparent the moment I walked into the room, for the first man I met asked
sympathetically: “Are you feeling all right?”
4) The local health organization is reported to have been set up twenty five years ago when Dr. Audon
became its first president.
5) You can’t have seen her in her office last Friday; she’s been out of town for two weeks.
Further Practice
1) I would gladly lend you the money but I really ________ have it.
A. couldn’t B. didn’t C. haven’t D. don’t
2) With the development of production and science, radio ________ a wide application in a short time.
A. found B. finds C. have found D. has found
3) We can go when the ground ________.
A. dries B. has dried C. dried D. will dry
4) I ________ there for five years when the new leader came.
A. had worked B. worked C. was working D. will dry
5) ---What’s the matter, Ali? You looked sad.
---Oh, nothing much. As a matter of fact, I ________ of my friends back home.
A. just thought B. have just been thinking C. was just thinking D. have just thought
6) They ________ more enthusiastic about their work since their teacher’s return.
A. are B. were C. had been D. have been
7) She ________ on this essay for twenty minutes but she has written only about a hundred words.
A. will be working B. worked C. has been working D. will have worked
8) Alice was very irritable because ________.
A. she was not feeling well C. she didn’t feel well
B. she doesn’t feel well D. she wasn't’ feeling good
9) “Could you give these books to Mr. Mackintosh?” “Certainly. ________ him about something else
in any case, so it won’t be any bother.
A. I’ll have seen B. I see C. I can see D. I’ll be seeing
10) Henry will not be able to attend the meeting tonight because ________.
A. he must teach a class B. he will be teaching a class
C. he teaches a class D. he will have been teaching a class
11) I’m afraid there’s no more bread. We ________ it all. In any way, it ________ stale(不新鲜).
A. ate…went B. ate…was going C. have eaten…went D. have eaten…was going
12) We change our programs the moment we have any further news of the situation.
13) She has died for ten years, but she is still remembered by all who knew her.
14) Ever since the Civil War, the status of women was a live social issue in this country.
15) He was standing quietly when presently a young woman, who had been combing her hair and
watched him, approached and asked him for directions.
16) The cost of groceries rose so rapidly during the past several years that lower-income families can

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英语语法十大难点、重点
scarcely buy what they need.
17) This is the second time you break a cup; you broke one yesterday, I never break anything.
18) Lewis had to travel by bus as his car had been damaged in an accident someday before and he
was unable to get it repaired.
19) Late that evening we arrived at the hotel, which was our home for the next fortnight.
20) If the volume of British investment is to be increased, other demands on national resources had to be
reduced or eliminated.
2． 非谓语动词（哪些动词后必须接动名 词或和动词不定式作宾语；如动词后即可跟动名词又可接动
词不定式作宾语，其区别是什么, 如: stop, remember, forget, regret, go on, try, need, want, ；作定
语；分词的独立主格作状语；动词不定式完成式在句中作复合谓语结构; let, make have, see,
hear, look at等动词后面接不带to不定式作宾补,但在被动语态中作为主语补足语的不定实则
要带to; 常跟不定式作定语的名词中, 有一部分是由常跟不定式作宾语的动词和常与不定式一起
构成复合谓语结 构的形容词转化或派生而来的;不定式的逻辑主语:for 或 of + 名词; do
nothinganythingeverything butexcept + 不带to的动词不定式; see, hear, feel, notice,
watch等感官动词即可跟现在分词也可跟不定式作复合宾语,二者的区别是什么; 非谓语动词的”
体”式和语态）
1) That was so serious a matter that I had no choice but to call in the police.
2) I appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.
3) The arrested murderer will be tried soon.
4) Those elected as committee members will attend the meeting.
5) The work left everyone exhausted.
6) Asked to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film.
7) Some bosses dislike allowing people to share their responsibilities; they keep all important matters
tightly in their own hands.
8) How many of us, say, attending a meeting that is irrelevant to us would be interested in the
discussion?
9) Rather than beg in the street, he would prefer to die of hunger.
10) She found it useless arguing with him.
11) Do you consider it wise trying again?
12) There was a very interesting remark in a book by an Englishman that I read recently giving what he
thought was a reason for this American characteristic.
13) The Portuguese give a great deal of credit to one man for having promoted sea travel, that man
being Prince Henry the navigator, who lived in the 15
th
century.
14) The article opens and closes with descriptions of two news reports, each making one major point in
contrast with the other.
Further Practice
1) Modern transportation facilities make ________ travelling throughout the world in a few weeks.
A. it possible B. possible C. it is possible D. possible of
2) It is no good ________ to come now. He is busy.
A. asking him B. to ask him C. if you ask him D. that you ask him
3) It is important ________ you to get there in time.
A. that B. for C. of D. whether
4) It is wise ________ the case that way.
A. of him to settle B. for him to settle C. of him settling D. that he settle

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英语语法十大难点、重点
5) I vaguely remember ________ something like that.
A. his saying B. for him to say C. him having said D. that he say
6) The question ________ tomorrow is whether income tax should be increased.
A. to be debated B. to debate C. debated D. that it will be debated
7) The robber was brought to the judge, ________.
A. his hands were fast tied B. his hands to be fast tied
C. his hands having been fast tied D. his hands fast tied
8) ________, he had asked three persons before he got there.
A. Not knowing where was the bookstore B. Knowing not where the bookstore was
C. Not knowing where the bookstore was D. Not to know where the bookstore was
9) His parents ________, the orphan is now taken care of by the government.
A. have died B. dead C. dying D. having died
10) The riot is said ________ by the government’s negligence of the people’s welfare.
A. to have been caused B. being caused C. to be caused D. to cause
11) Such ________ the case, there were no grounds to justify your complaints.
A. was B. had been C. would be D. being
12) Having finished his term paper before the deadline, it was delivered to the professor before the
class.
13) Harry’s advisor persuaded him taking several courses which did not involve much knowledge of
mathematics.
14) Doctors often study film records of complex operations for improving their own knowledge and
skill.
15) The actual quantity of folic acid(叶酸) requiring in the daily diet is not known.
16) The international law of the Sea Conference is an attempt of resolving major differences among
countries with conflicting interests.
17) Harvard College was one of the first institutions of higher learning to be established in the colonies.
18) In many states, the law forbids citizens from carrying pistols or rifles without first having obtained a
special permit.
19) No, I don’t think Byron is buried here. Queen Victoria thought he was so immoral to be buried in
the Abbey.
20) Have you read in the Columbia Spectator that Jeff’s leg was broken while playing football?
21) The Teacher’s lecture on the past participle was three hours long and Conrad felt very boring.
3． 虚拟语气（混合虚拟语气；特殊形式的虚拟语气，如用于表示请求、 建议、要求、命令等的宾语
从句、主语从句、表语从句或同位语从句中；含蓄虚拟条件句； 表示愿望的虚拟形式等）
I. 条件句 主句
现在 If 主语+动词过去式或were…, 主语+should(或would, could, might) + 动词原形
将来 If 主语+should 或 were to…, 主语+should(或would, could, might) + 动词原形
过去 If 主语+ had +过去分词…, 主语+should(或would, could, might) + have +过去分词
II. wish 表示现在或过去的愿望, 动词形式与if条件句中的谓语动词形式相对应；表示将来的愿
望, 动词形式与主句中的谓语动词形式相对应，见例句4)至7)。
Notes: 1) If only = How I wish
2) as if (though) 引起的方式状语从句和表语从句也要求用虚拟语气，其动词形式与wish
宾语从句中的动词形式相同。
III. 在表示要求、建议、命令等的主语、宾语、表语、同位语从句中药用虚拟语气， 其形式为

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英语语法十大难点、重点
(should)+ 动词原形
IV. would, could, should, might 等+ have +过去分词 见例句16)至20)
1) It’s high time that we began to work. 2) If I were you, I would have taken his advice.
3) If he had listened to me, he would not be in such trouble now.
4) I wish that he had not made so much fuss about it.
5) I wish that the rain would stop. 6) He wished that he had a car.
7) I wish that he weren’t so crazy.
8) If only you hadn’t offended him!
9) Alan talked about Rome as if he had been thereas if he were a Roman.
10) She looks as if she would cry.
11) It was ordered that the medicines be sent here by plane.
12) It is imperative that you arrive there in time.
13) They required that the crops should be harvested at once.
14) The suggestion that he be invited was rejected.
15) Their demand is that their wages be increased by 20%.
16) You should (ought to) have turned in your paper earlier. You shouldn’t (oughtn’t to) have let the
baby play with the scissors.
17) Could they have arrived there already?He can’t have gone to Beijing. I saw him only a while ago.
18) It must have rained last night. The ground is wet. I think my letter must have been miscarried.
19) The train may have left already. They might have been there before.
20) I would have come but I was very busy then.
21) I’d rather you went by train, because I can't hear the idea of your being in an airplane in such bad
weather.
22) I would just as soon you had returned the book yesterday.
23) Jean Wagner’s most enduring contribution to the study of Afro-American poetry is his insistence
that it be analyzed in a religious, as well as worldly, frame of reference.
24) The board deemed it urgent that these files should be printed right away.
25) But for the English examination I would have gone to the concert last Sunday.
26) Under more favorable conditions, the production would have gone up still more rapidly.
27) Having known in time, we might have prevented the accident.
28) Born ten days earlier, the boy could have seen his late father.
29) To hear him speak English, you would take him for an Englishman
30) A less difficult problem would have already been solved.
31) An honest man wouldn’t do such a thing.
32) A judicious man wouldn’t have committed suicide.
33) A diligent student would have worked harder.
34) One step further and you would have fallen over the precipice.
35) All things considered the price would be reasonable.
36) Anyone who had been in your position would have done the same.
37) A nation which stopped working would be dead in a fortnight.
38) You could have avoided making such a mistake, but you didn’t take her advice.
39) A safely analysis would have identified the target as a potential danger. Unfortunately, it was never
done.
40) Say we paid them in advance, would they do it?

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英语语法十大难点、重点
41) Suppose I accepted his offer, what would you say?
Further Practice
1) It is strange that the car ________(break) down at exactly the same place where it ________(break)
down yesterday.
2) He talked as if he ______ (do) all the work himself, but in fact Tom and I ______ (do) most of it.
3) Henry would rather that his brother ______(work) in the same department as he does.
4) We ___ (invite) her to the party but we didn't know that she ___ (already, come) back from abroad.
5) Today’s industrial production ____ (be) impossible without the contribution made by the science of
physics.
6) I hadn’t expected James to apologize but I had hoped ________.
A. him calling me B. that he would call me C. him to call me D. that he call me
7) I wish it ________ but it did.
A. occurred not B. did not occur C. had not occurred D. would not occur
8) The house master was very strict. He asked that we ________ television on week nights.
A. not watch B. should not have watched C. must not watch D. not be watching
9) John would rather Jane ________ to the party yesterday evening.
A. did not go B. not go C. had not gone D. wouldn’t gone
10) “Where have you been?” “I got caught in the traffic; not be watching I would have been here
sooner.”
A. however B. although C. anyway D. otherwise
11) I should be most happy to go down with you if I had not been busy then.
12) No one would have attended the lecture if you told the truth about the guest speaker.
13) The lawyer asked that the case would be postponed for one month.
14) It was suggested that Pedro studies the material more thoroughly before attempting to pass the
examination.
15) They said it was imperative that he would be taken to hospital at once.
16) Isn’t it probably about time that we have our car serviced?
17) If it hadn’t been for the doctor’s care, I should not have been speaking to you now.
18) His recommendation that the Air Force investigates the UFO sighting was approved by the
commission and referred to the appropriate committee.
19) It is important that he will confirm his reservations before Friday.
20) If her great grandfather would have lived three more days he would have been 100 years old.
4． 特殊形式的比较结构（not more…than，not…any more than，other than, no less than, not more
than, not so much…as…, still less…, just as…so…, as good as or better than, half that of）
1) The heart is no more intelligent than the stomach, for they are both controlled by the brain.
2) There is no reason they should limit how much vitamin you take, any more than they can limit how
much water you drink.
3) On the whole, ambitious students are more likely to succeed in their studies than are those with little
ambition.
4) The moon has a mass that is nearly one hundred times less than the earth; in consequence, the force
of gravity at the moon’s surface is only one-sixth of that at the earth’s surface.
5) Mercury’s velocity is so much greater than the Earth’s that it completes more than four revolutions
around the Sun in the time that takes the Earth to complete one.
6) Do you enjoy listening to records? I find records are often as good as or better than an actual

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英语语法十大难点、重点
performance.
7) The number of registered participants in this year’s marathon was half that of last year’s.
8) Just as the soil is a part of the earth, so is the atmosphere.
9) The speaker claimed that no other modern nation devotes so small a portion of its wealth to public
assistance and health than the United States does.
5． 从句的引导词（关联词、关系代词、由于词类转化引起的副词、名词充当连词等）
1) As is generally accepted, economical growth is determined by the smooth development of
production.
2) There ought to be less anxiety over the perceived risk of getting cancer than exists in the public
mind.
3) Published as it was at such a time, his work attracted much attention.
4) The project requires more labor than has been put in because it is extremely difficult.
5) Mercury’s velocity is so much greater than the Earth’s that it completes more than four revolutions
around the Sun in the time it takes the Earth to complete one.
6) If individuals are awakened each time they begin a dream phase of sleep, they are likely to become
irritable even though their total amount of sleep has been sufficient.
7) The policemen went into action directly they heard the alarm.
8) I have kept that portrait where I can see it every day, as it always reminds me of my university days
in London.
9) I felt somewhat disappointed and was about to leave, when something occurred which attracted my
attention.
10) Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your test scores, and this is especially true when it
comes to classroom tests.
6． 特殊表达法
1) For there to be successful communication, there must be attentiveness and involvement in the
discussion itself by all present.
2) It isn’t cold enough for there to be a frost tonight, so I can leave Jim’s car out quite safely.
3) There being no further discussion, the chairman closed the meeting.
4) The students expected there to be more reviewing classes before the final exam.
5) To master a foreign language like English requires hard work, so you can’t study too hard.
6) Thomas said that he would come here if need be.
7) Cancer is second only to heart disease as a cause of death.
7． 特殊形式的倒装结构
1) Much as I have traveled, I have never seen anyone to equal her in thoroughness, whatever the job.
2) Try as he might, he could not fulfil the task alone.
3) The business of each day, be it selling goods or shipping them ,went quite smoothly.
4) So involved with their computers do the pupils become that their leaders at summer computer
camps often have to force them to break for sports and games.

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应试技巧精要 四、六级及研究生英语考试语法部分十大题型

Never shall I forget this lesson.
Only in this way wan you solve this problem.
Only when we had studied the data again did we realize that there was a mistake.
In no sense does English replace the cultural heritage and emotional ties of the first
language…
9) Such was the force of the explosion that all the windows were broken.
10) He traveled a great deal as did most of his friends.
11) The organization had broken no rules, but neither had it acted responsibly.
8． 否定句所有格名词+数词作定语的复合结构
1） Despite the wonderful acting and well-developed plot the three-hour movie…
2） Nobody can help but be fascinated by the world into which he is taken by the science
fiction.
9． 一致(主谓一致，名词和代词的一致，主语和逻辑主语的一致，同动成分的一致)
1） The football team consists of 20 players.
2） The football team are having their dinner.
3） Early to be and early to rise is a good habit.
4） Either the principal or his assistants are to attend the meeting.
5） All were was silent.
6） This is one of the best novels that have appeared this year.
7） He was the only one of the boys who was given a prize.
8） Those of us who are over fifty years old should get our blood pressure checked regularly.
9） In spite of their small size, these cameras can take very good pictures.
10） Having been delayed by heavy traffic, she found it impossible to arrive on time.
11） Collecting stamps, playing chess and catching butterflies are Mary’s hobbies.
12） The workers in that factory are fewer than those in our factory.
13） The climate of Taiyuan is not so pleasant as that of Xi’an.
10． 固定搭配（介词与动词、形容词、副词的搭配）
1) This ticket entitles you to a free meal in our new restaurant.
2) The sports meet, originally due to be held last Friday, was finally called off because of the
bad weather.
3) There are other problems which I don’t propose to go into at the moment.
4) The manager needs an assistant that he can count on to take care of problems in his
absence.
5)
6)
7)
8)
综合练习
1. I will give this dictionary to ________ wants to have it.
A. whomever B. someone C. whoever D. anyone
2. After having gone ________ far, George did not want to turn back.
A. enough B. much C. such D. that
3. ________ all our kindness to help her, Sarah refused to listen to us.
A. At B. For C. In D. On
4. In the past men generally preferred that their wives ________ in the home.
A. worked B. would work C. work D. were working
5. I don’t want to lend any more money to him; he’s already in debt ________ me.
A. to B. for C. of D. with
6. The business of each day, ________ selling goods or shipping them, went quite smoothly.
A. it being B. be it C. was it D. it was

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应试技巧精要 四、六级及研究生英语考试语法部分十大题型

7. Carey didn’t go to the party last night because she ________ the baby for her sister until 9:30.
A. must have looked after C. had to look after
B. would have to look after D. should have looked after
8. ________, he does get irritated with her sometimes.
A. As he likes her much C. Though much he likes her
B. Much though he likes her D. Much as he likes her
9. The vocabulary of any technical discussion may include words which are never used outside
the subject or field ________.
A. in view B. in question C. in case D. in effect
10. The long- awaited Hubble Space Telescope, ________ to orbit the Earth next March, will
observe some of the oldest stars in the sky.
A. subject B. owing C. available D. due
11. ________ of the burden of ice, the balloon climbed up and drifted to the South.
A. To be free B. Freeing C. To free D. Freed
12. Will you ________ this passage to see if there is any misprint?
A. look up B. go over C. dwell on D. work out
13. The patients believe that the doctor knows exactly how to put them ________.
A. correct B. straight C. right D. well
14. Although he thought he was helping us prepare the dinner, he was actually ________ the way.
A. in B. by C. off D. on
15. ________, more than 200 houses and buildings are heated by solar energy, not to mention the
big cities in the region.
A. Alone in the small town C. In the alone small town
B. In the small alone town D. In the small town alone
16. The bank is reported in the local newspaper ________ in broad daylight yesterday.
A. to be robbed C. to have been robbed
B. robbed D. having been robbed
17. The engineers are going through with their highway project, ________ the expenses have
risen.
A. even though B. just because C. now that D. as though
18. Although we had told them not to keep us waiting, they made no ________ to speed up
deliveries.
A. trial B. attempt C. action D. progress
19. Water will continue to be ________ it is today—next in importance to oxygen.
A. how B. which C. as D. what
20. Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he ________ our chairman now.
A. must have been C. were
B. would have been D. would be
21. I like to go to the cinema when I am in the ________ for it.
A. motive B. mind C. mood D. notion
22. The project requires more labor than ________ because it is extremely difficult.
A. has been put in C. being put in
B. have been put in D. to be put in
23. There seemed little hope that the explorer, ________ in the tropical forest, would find his way
through it.
A. to be deserted C. to have been deserted
B. having deserted D. having been deserted


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