英语语法大全讲解

英语语法大全讲解

攻克英语语法、踏上英语学习成功之路
张林峰 编著
作为中国人，要学习与我们的 母语完全不同的
英语，就必须从英语语法入手。如果将英语比作
一座大厦，那么语法就是构成整 个大厦的水泥框
架，词汇和短语则是构成墙壁的砖瓦，没有坚实
的骨架，大厦是无法建成的。为 了我们的英语大
厦更加宏伟，让我们从现在起精心构建它的骨
架。
什么是语法？语法就是造句的方法。
学习语法就是为了我们能够造出无数优美、正
确的英语句子。
学习英语语法的步骤：

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1. 九大句子成分和六大基本句型结构；
2. 十六种时态及十种被动语态;
3. 名词性从句（包括主语从句、宾语从
句、表语从句和同位语从句）;
4. 定语从句;
5. 状语从句；
6. 直接引语和间接引语；
7. 情态动词；
8. 虚拟语气；
9. 非谓语动词；
10. 强调句；
11. 主谓一致；

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12. 省略句；
13. 冠词、名词、动词、代词、形容词、
副词、介词等的用法。
下面我们一项一项进行学习：
一、九大句子成分
九大句子成分：主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、
状语、补语（宾 语补足语）、同位语、呼语。（主、
谓、宾、表、定、状、补、同、呼）
1. 主语： A. 在主谓宾结构中，主语是谓语动
词动作的发出者；
B. 在主系表结构中，主语是系动词之前
的部分；

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C. 在There be结构中，主语是系动词
be之后的部分。
（由名词、名词短语、代词、数词、不定
式、V-ing形式和主语从句充当）
我是教师。
他们在踢足球。
熊猫是种可爱的动物。
一个淘气的孩子打碎了我的车窗。
打篮球是我的爱好。
掌握英语是我今年的目标。
练习弹钢琴每天要花费我一个小时的时
间。

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他昨天的所作所为令人生气。
Knowledge is power.
A beautiful girl told me the news.
He helped me a lot.
To master English is my goal this
year.
Practicing playing the piano takes
me an hour a day.
What he did yesterday made his
parents angry.
2. 谓语：在主谓宾结构中，表示主语所发出的动
作。(由动词构成，包括16种时态和10种
被动语态）
我种了一棵树。
他养了一只狗。

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一只黄鼠狼偷吃了我的大公鸡。
一个淘气的孩子打碎了我的车窗。
小红赢了比赛。
我买了本新版英语字典。
我每天练习弹钢琴。
他昨天抓住了一个小偷。
I like English.
She keeps a cute monkey as her pet.
She loves him.
He refused to help.
I enjoy learning English.
I don’t know when you will leave for
New York.
补充知识：

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1）根据动词在句中的功能，可分为四类：
实意动词(Notional Verb): 是具有实际动作
意义的词，可以直接跟宾语或加介词后跟宾
语。
We work hard.
I play football every day.
I bought a book yesterday.
系动词(Link Verb): 是连接主语和表语以及
帮助实意动词构成各种时态及疑问句、否定
句、被动语态的词。有: be,
am, is, are, was, were, being, been等。
She is five.
We were in Xi’an last evening.
The house has been sold by its

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owner.
My bike is being repaired by my
father now.
助动词(Auxiliary Verb): 是帮助实意动词
构成各种时态及
疑问句、否定句的
词。有: do, does,
did, have, has,
had等 。
She didn’t do her homework yesterd
ay.
Do you like English?
I have been a teacher for fifteen
years.
Had you finished your homework

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when your mother got home last
evening?
情态动词(Modal Verb): 是一种本身有一
定的词义，表示说话人的情绪，态度或语气
的
动词， 但不能单独
作谓语，只能和其
他动词原形构成
谓语、否定句及疑
问句。 有: can
(could),
(might),
dare

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may
must,
(dared),
need, ought to,

shall
better,
(should),
would
will (would), had
rather等。
You must learn it by yourself.
I would rather stay at home than go
to the cinema.
Can you swim?
Shall we have a party this weekend?
Who can help me learn English?
说明：有些情况下，有些动词是兼类词，
例如:
We are having a meeting. （having
是实义动词）
They have gone to New York.（have

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是助动词。）
2）动词根据其后是否带有宾语，可分为两类，
分别是：
及物动词(Transitive Verb): 可以直接跟宾
语的动词；
不及物动词(Intransitive Verb): 加了介词
之后才能跟宾语的动词。
缩写形式分别为vt. 和vi.。
I live in this bedroom. 不及物动词
(vi.)
I study English hard. 及物动词
(vt.)
3. 宾语：在主谓宾结构中，谓语动词动作的承受

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者。
（由名词、名词短语、代词、数词、不定式、
V-ing形式和宾语从句充当）
我种了一棵树。
他养了一只狗。
一只黄鼠狼偷吃了我的大公鸡。
一个淘气的孩子打碎了我的车窗。
小红赢了比赛。
我买了本新版英语字典。
我每天练习弹钢琴。
他昨天抓住了一个小偷。
I like English.

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She keeps a cute monkey as her pet.
She loves him.
He refused to help.
I enjoy learning English.
I want to know when you will leave
for New York.
宾语可分为四类：
1） 动作的承受者——动词宾语：
I like China. （名词）
He hates you. （代词）
How many do you need? We need t
wo. （数词）
We should help the old and the poor.
（the + adj.）
I enjoy working with you. （动名词）

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I hope to see you again. （不定式）
Did you write down what he said?
（宾语从句）
2） 介词后的名词、代词和动名词——介词宾
语：
Are you afraid of the snake?
I am interested in this book.
3） 双宾语——
间接宾语
（指人或动物）和直
接宾语（指物）：
He gave me a book yesterday.
Give the poor man some money.
She taught me English for three
years.
4) it 作形式宾语：

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I find it interesting to learn English.
She makes it a rule to read English
every morning.
We don’t think it possible to defeat
them.
4. 表语：在主系表结构中，跟在系动词之后对主
语进行修饰说明的部分。
（由名词、名词短语、代词、数词、形容词、
副词、介词短语、不定式、V-ing形






式、过去分词和表语从句充当）
我是学生。
那是一只狗。
失败是成功之母。
她很漂亮。
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我很忙。
他们聪明又努力。
我的爱好是打羽毛球。
我想知道的是他怎么英语那么好。
Knowledge is power.
She is a hard-working student.
The person that she wants to marry
My aim is to go to a famous
My job is teaching English to young
We are excited.
What I want to know is how he can
is him.
university.
children.
learn English so well.
补充知识：

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1） 状态系动词： 用来表示主语的状态，只
有be, am, is, are, was, were, being,
been等词，例如：








He is a teacher.
We are students.
He has been ill for three years.
Tom is in Xi’an.
2） 持续系动词： 用来表示主语继续或保持
一种状况或态度，主要有keep , rest ,
remain, stay, lie, stand等词，例如：




.

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He always kept silent at meetings.
This matter rests a mystery.
The village stands at the foot of the hill

Japan lies to the east of China.
3） 表像系动词：用来表示看起来像这一
概念，主要有seem, appear, look等词，例
如：
He looks tired. 他看起来很累。
He seems (to be) very sad. 他看
起来很伤心。
4）感官系动词：感官系动词主要有feel,
smell, sound, taste等词，例如：
This kind of cloth feels very soft.
这种布手感很软。
This flower smells very sweet.
这朵花闻起来很香。

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5）变化系动词：这些系动词表示主语变成什
么样，变化系动词主要有become, grow,
turn, fall, get, go, come, run等词，例
如：

e.
6）终止系动词：表示主语已终止动作，主要
有prove, turn out等词，表达证实，
变成之意，例如：
The rumor proved false.
The search proved difficult.
His plan turned out a success.
注意：可带名词作表语的系动词be,

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He became mad after that.
She grew rich within a short tim

become, make, look, sound, fall, prove,
remain, turn等。注意：turn后接的单数名
词 前多不用冠词。
7） 系动词无被动语态： appear, be, become,
fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look,
remain, seem, smell, sound, stay,
taste, turn例如：



It sounds good.
The dish smells delicious.
He fell ill last night.
5. 定语：用来修饰或限定一个名词的词、短语或
从句。
（由名词、冠词、代词、形容词、不定式、
V-ing形式、过去分词和定语从句充当）

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一位男老师将教我们英语。
那是一个宁静的夜晚。
我有很多事情要做。
坐在那里的男孩是我的朋友。
在事故中被压死的狗是他的。
他就是我昨天在公园见到的那个老外。
我昨天丢的笔找到了。
我想上的大学是北大。
A man doctor will take care of you.
This girl is my best friend.
I have a lot of homework to do today.
The boy standing there is my brother.
The dog killed in the accident
belonged to my grandpa.

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The pen which I lost yesterday was
mum.
given to me as a birthday gift by my
英语中的定语和汉语中的定语的最大差别在
于它所处的位置，汉语中无论是词、短语或
句子作定语时，都放在被修饰词之前，而英
语中， 只有单个的词或复合形容词作定语时
才放在被修饰词之前，其它情况全部放在被
修饰词之后。英 语中的定语种类有十余种，
下面我们分类学习：
1）单个的名词、形容词、数词、代词 、V-ing、
P.P.及复合形容词作定语，放在被修饰词
前。

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a man doctor a woman teacher a
boy student a baby girl
a beautiful girl a lovely baby
a nice present an honest boy
three toys five people
eight elephants nine years
this book those pens my
brother your sister
boiling water an exciting game
a swimming pool a reading room
the sleeping baby a dancing cat
the shouting crowd the crying girl
boiled water the excited
audience a disappointed mother
a warm-hearted welcome a
cold-blooded killer a white-haired
woman
2) “什么地方的什么”= the + N. + 介词短

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语
the picture on the wall 墙上的画儿
the birds in the tree 树上的鸟
the books on the shelf 架子上的书
the hole in the wall 墙上的洞
the cat in the box 盒子里的猫 the
lamp over my head 我头顶的灯
the students in our class 我们班的学
生
3)“正在做什么的人或物”= the + N + V-ing +
(O) + LA + TA
the man standing there 站在那里的

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男子
the dog barking now 正在吠叫的
狗
the girl singing on the stage 正在舞台
上唱歌的女孩
the boy swimming in the river 正在
河里游泳的男孩
4) “正在被怎么样的人或物”= the + N +
being + P.P. + LA + TA
the bridge being built now 正在被建
的桥
the meeting being held now 正在被召

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开的会议
the boy being punished by our teacher
正在被我们老师惩罚的学生
5) “将要被怎么样的人或物”= the + N + to
be + P.P. + LA + TA
the meeting to be held tomorrow
morning 明早将要被召开的会议
the student to be sent to America by
our school 将被我们学校送往美国的学生
the school to be set up in the village
将被建在这个村子里的学校
6) “已经被怎么样的人或物”= the + N + P.P.
+ LA + TA
the man killed in the accident last night

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昨晚在事故中被压死的人
the bridge built last year 去
年被建成的桥
the meeting held yesterday
昨天被召开的会议
7) “穿着什么样衣服的人”= the + N + in +
aan + 衣服 + LA + TA
the man in a black T-shirt
穿着黑色T恤的男子
the girl in a red mini-skirt 穿着
红色迷你裙的女孩
the man in a suit 穿着西服套
装的男子

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8) “穿着什么颜色衣服的人”= the + N + in +
颜色 + LA + TA
the man in black 穿着黑衣的人
the girl in red 穿着红色衣服的女孩
the woman in blue 穿着蓝色衣服的
女士 the boy in green 穿着绿色衣服的男孩
9) 副词做定语一般后置 = the + N + adv.
the students here 这里的学生 the
man over there 那边的男子
passengers aboard 车（船、飞机）
上的乘客
10) 形容词（形容词短语）做后置定语 = the

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+ N + adj. + LA + TA
a room lagre enough to hold 100
people 大到能容纳100人的房间
a basket full of fruits 装满水果
的篮子
a boy clever enough to speak three
languages 聪明到会说三种语言的男孩
11) “什么什么相同的人或物”= the + N + of
+ N
a girl of her own age 和她年龄
相同的女孩
birds of a feather 相同
羽毛的鸟

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the bottles of the same shape
相同形状的瓶子
12) “有什么的人或物“ = thea + N + with +
N
a girl with long hair 长发女孩 a
boy with big eyes 大眼睛的男孩
13) 定语从句= the + N + 引导词 + 从句
The N(人) + whothat + V + O + LA + TA
(人主)
The teacher whothat taught me
English at this school last year
The thief whothat stole my wallet
yesterday
The N(人) + whothat + be + P.P. + by +
Doer + LA + TA (人主)
The thief whothat was caught by a

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policeman yesterday
The N(人) + (whomthat) + S + V + LA +
TA (人宾)
The girl (whomthat) I met in the park
yesterday
The old man (whomthat) I helped
yesterday
The N(物) + whichthat + V + O + LA +
TA (物主)
The dog whichthat bit me in the park
yesterday
The horse whichthat ran away last
week
The N(物) + whichthat + be + P.P. + by +
Doer + LA + TA (物主)
The dog whichthat was killed in the
accident yesterday
The N(物) + (whichthat) + S + V + LA +
TA (物宾)
The

book (whichthat)
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I bought

yesterday
The dog (whichthat) I saw yesterday
The N(人,物) + whose + N + V + O + LA +
TA (人,物,所属)
The man whose son is a doctor in this
hospital
The room whose door is green
Such + N + as + S + V + LA +TA
Such people as I got to know in
America last year
Such books as I bought yesterday
The same + N + as + S + V + LA +TA
The same bike as I lost yesterday
So + adj. + aan + N + as + S + V + LA
+TA
So clever a boy as all the teachers like
The N(时间) + (whichthat) + S + V + LA
+ TA (先行词作宾语)
The year (whichthat) I spent in America
The N(时间) + when介词+which + S + V

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+ O + LA (先行词作状语)
The year whenin which I studied
English in America
The N(地点) + (whichthat) + S + V + TA
(先行词作宾语)
The museum (whichthat) I visited last
week
The school (whichthat) we set up in
the village
The N(地点) + where介词+which + S + V
+ O + TA (先行词作状语)
The factory wherein which my father
works
The farm whereon which I worked last
year
The reason + (whichthat) + S + V + LA +
TA (先行词作宾语)
The reason (whichthat) he made up
The reason (whichthat) he told me
The reason + whyfor which + S + V + O

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+ LA + TA (先行词作状语)
The reason whyfor which he didn’t go
to school yesterday
The reason whyfor which I punished
you

6. 状语：说明谓语动词动作所处的状态（包括时
间、地点、 原因、比较、目的、结果、
条件、方式和让步状语）。
（由副词、介词短语、不定式、V-ing形式、
过去分词和状语从句充当）




我在那里见到的他。
在一个宁静的夜晚，他们誓血为盟。
由于生病，他没有去上学。
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影。

她哼着歌离开了教室。
尽管在下雨，他们继续工作。
即使你给我买票，我也不会跟你去看电
为了练习发音，我每天都模仿VOA。
当从山顶看时，我们学校看起来很漂
亮。


I met him there.
He studies in a key middle school.
To learn English well, she takes
every chance to practice her oral English.
Seeing from the top of the building,
you can see the whole town.
Seen from the top of the building,

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the town looks beautiful.
I was having dinner when he came to
see me last evening.
7. 补语(宾语补足语)：跟在宾语之后对宾语进行
补充说明的句子成分。
（由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、V-ing
形式、过去分词）
我们选他当班长。
这场激烈的比赛令所有观众都很兴奋。
母亲每天都让我朗读英语。
他让我们等了两个小时。
毛泽东的逝世令举国哀痛。
老师罚我下蹲两百次。

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据预测美国民众将再次选奥巴马为总统。
请让我进去。
We will make him monitor.
The good news made us happy.
Please let me in.
My mother gets me to read English
every morning.
He kept me waiting for two hours.
The news that our team had won
the match made us excited.
8. 同位语：表示同一主体的两个不同的词、短语
或从句。
（由名词、名词短语、同位语从句）



我们学生应当努力学习。
我最好的朋友小明将去美国留学。
38

谁下学期将教我们英语的问题尚未得到
答复。




我们队赢了比赛的消息让我们兴奋。
众所周知英语变得越来越重要的事实。
我们明天要考试的消息已经公布了。
我们可以怎样进一步合作的问题将在会
议上讨论。



We students should study hard.
Jack, a friend of mine, has been sent
The fact that English is becoming
abroad to study by our school.
more and more important is known to
everyone.


The question who will teach us
39

English will be answered tomorrow.
9. 呼语：称呼用语。（如：Sir, Your Majesty,
Your Highness, Madam等）。

二、六大基本句型结构
英语的基本句型结构只有三种：1. 主谓宾结构；
2. 主系表结构；3. There be结构。
主谓宾结构又有可引申出三种：1. 主谓状结构；
2. 主谓+双宾语结构；3. 主谓宾+宾补结构。
1. 主谓宾结构：表示主语做什么；
主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 方式状语 + 地点
状语 + 时间状语.


S + V + O + MA +
40

LA + TA.


I read English in the classroom every
She plays the piano attentively at home
day.
every evening.
2. 主系表结构：表示主语是什么、怎么样、
在哪里；
主语 + 系动词 + 表语 + 地点状语 + 时
间状语。

TA.
I am a student in this school now.



S + LV + P + LA +
She was very beautiful when she was in
I was in Beijing last Sunday.
41
her twenties.
3. There be 结构：表示什么地方有什么；

There be + 主语 + 地点状语 + 时间状
语。


There be + S + LA + TA.
There is a book on the desk now.
There was a tree in the yard two
years ago.
4. 主语 + 谓语 + (状语).
S + V + （A）.
She smiles.
He is laughing aloud.
5. 主语 + 谓语 + 直接宾语 + 介词 + 间接
宾语 + 地点状语 + 时间状语.
S + V + DO + Prep. + IO
+ LA + TA.
= 主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾

42

语 + 地点状语 + 时间状语.



S + V + IO + DO +
She bought a tie for me last week. =
Mary gave a book to Tom yesterday. =
LA + TA.
She bought me a tie last week.
Mary gave Tom a book yesterday.
6. 主语 ＋ 谓语 ＋ 宾语 ＋ 宾语补足语 +
(状语)。

+ (A).
We made Tom monitor yesterday.
The good news made us happy.
The pain is driving me mad.
My mother gets me to read English
every day.

43
S + V + O + OC

He shot the wolf dead.
下 面我们学习通过在基本句型中加入定语、各
种状语等的方式来造复杂的英文句子的方法。我
们将 其称为：积木式造句法。
1. 主谓宾结构的句子扩充：
（时间状语）
+
（前置定语）
+ 主语 +
（后置
定语）
+ 谓语 +
（前置定语）
+ 宾语 +
（后置
定语）
+
（地点状语）
+
（时间状语）
.
A boy met a girl.
A handsome boy met a beautiful girl.
A handsome boy who was wearing a
black T-shirt met a beautiful girl that was
dressed in a red mini-skirt.
A handsome boy who was wearing a

44

black T-shirt met a beautiful girl that was
dressed in a red miniskirt in the park
yesterday.
2. 主系表结构的句子扩充：

（前置定语）
+ 主语 +
（后置定语
）+ 系动词
+
（前置定语）
+ 表语 +
（后置定语）
+
（地
点状语）
+
（时间状语）
.
The man is my teacher.
The handsome man is my English
teacher.
The handsome man who is standing there
talking with my mother is my English
teacher that has been teaching me at his
home for three years.
3. There be结构的句子扩充：

45

There be + (
前置定语
) + 主语 +
（后置定语）
+
（地点状语）
+
（时间状语）
.
There is a book on the desk.
There is an English book on the desk.
There is an English book on Chinese
history, which was written by a famous
British
historian, on the desk that stands near the
window.

积木式造句法是 英语学习中最简洁明了的造
句方法，同学们一定要多加练习、熟练掌握。通
过这种造句方法我们 可以造出大量语法正确、意
思清楚地句子，为我们的英语写作打下坚实的基
础。

46

三、16种时态及10种被动语态
时态 的概念：时态用来说明一个动作发生地时间
或多个动作发生的时间顺序及所处的状态。时态
分为 16种主动语态和10种被动语态。主动语态
是以动作的发出者作主语的句子；被动语态是以
动 作的承受着作主语的句子。下面我们分开进行
学习：
16种时态总表及10种被动语态总表

现在
过去
将来
过去将来
一般 _____ 时
一般现在时
一般过去时
一般将来时
一般过去将来时
______ 进行时
现在进行时
过去进行时
将来进行时
过去将来进行时
______ 完成时
现在完成时
过去完成时
将来完成时
过去将来完成时
_____ 完成进行时
现在完成进行时
过去完成进行时
将来完成进行时
过去将来完成进行时
注：加粗的10种时态具有被动语态，其余6

47

种则没有。
字母符号的定义： S主语、V 动词原形、V-ing
现在分词、V-ed过去式、P.P. 过去分词、O宾
语、P表语、A定语、MA方式状语、 LA地点状
语、LV系动词、TA时间状语、OA 其他状语、
TP时间段。
十六种时态的主动语态：
1. 一般现在时：以下三种情况使用一般现在时：
1. 经常发生的动作； 2. 习惯性的动
作； 3. 客观事实和真理。
① 主谓宾结构的句子：
a. 陈述句肯定句：表示主语经常或习惯于
做什么。
S + V + O + MA + LA + TA.

48

She
day.
plays the piano
attentively at home every
We read English every day.
b. 陈述句否定式：表示主语经常或习惯于
不做什么。
S + don’tdoesn’t + V + O + MA + LA
+ TA.
I don’t believe you.
We don’t like playing football.
Tom doesn’t speak Chinese.
c. 表示“常常，通常”always,
often, sometimes, rarely,
frequently, never,
seldom,
S

occasionally,
+
usually, generally…
alwaysoftensometimes… + V + O + MA +
49

LA + TA.
S
LA + TA.
He often comes to see me.
We sometimes stay up late.
My father is always busy.
d. 一般疑问句式：表示主语经常或习惯于
做什么吗。
DoDoes + S + V + O + MA
+ LA + TA?
Yes, S + dodoes. No, S
+don’tdoesn’t.

Do you have lunch at home every
day?
Yes, I , I don’t.
Does she play the piano at school
every day?

50
+
isaream+alwaysoftensometimes…+ P +

Yes, she , she doesn’t.
e. 选择疑问句式： 表示主语经常或习惯
于做A还是是做B。
DoDoes + S + V + O1 or O2 + LA +
TA?
DoDoes + S + V + O + MA1 or
MA2 + LA + TA?
Do you like tea or coffee?
Does your friend play
football or basketball?
Do you go to work by bus
or by bike?
f. 反义疑问句式：
S + V + O + MA + LA + TA,
don’tdoesn’t +S?
Yes, S + dodoes. No, S
+don’tdoesn’t.
S + don’tdoesn’t + V + O + MA + LA

51

+ TA, dodoes +S?
Yes, S + dodoes. No, S
+don’tdoesn’t.
He comes from Norway,
doesn’t he?
Yes, he , he
doesn’t.
You like English best, don’t
you?.
Yes, I , I don’t.
Your father doesn’t smoke,
does he?
Yes,
doesn’t.
He doesn’t speak English,
does he?
Yes, he , he doesn’t.
g. 特殊疑问句式：提问主语在什么时间、
地点、原因、方式等做什么。

52
he , he

吗？

Wh-How + dodoes + S + V + O +
MA + LA + TA?


(提问哪部分就去掉哪部分)
What does she play at school
every day?
Where do you have lunch every
day?
h. 否定疑问句：（难道）… 不 …
Isn’tAren’t + S + P?
Don’tDoesn’t + S + V + O + MA +
LA + TA?
Why don’tdoesn’t + S + V + O +
MA + LA + TA?
Why aren’tisn’t + S + P?
Why aren’tisn’t + there + S +LA +
TA?
Isn’t that your girl friend?
Aren’t you busy today?
53

Don’t you know I love you so
much?
Why don’t you tell him the truth?
Why isn’t there a bridge over the
river?
i. 习惯了……
S + begetbecome + used to
(doing) + O + LA + TA.
S + begetbecome +
accustomed to (doing) + O + LA + TA.
He is used to living alone.
He
loneliness.
He
getting up early.
j. 祈使句句式：
V + O + LA + TA, please.
Don’t + V + O + LA + TA, please.
Open the door, please.

54
becomes
is
used to
to accustomed

Don’t tell your mother I drank beer
just now, please.
k. 祈使句的反义疑问句式：
V + O + LA + TA, willwon’t you?
Don’t + V + O + LA + TA, will you?
Let’s + V + O + LA + TA, shall we?
Let us + V + O + LA + TA, will you?
Go to the cinema with me this
evening, willwon’t you?
Don’t open the door, will you?
Let’s go to the cinema, shall we?
Let us help them, will you?
② 主系表结构的句子：
a. 陈述句肯定句式：表示主语现在或当前
是什么、怎么样、在哪里。
S + amisare + P + LA + TA.
She is a student.
They are intelligent.

55

b. 陈述句否定句式：表示主语现在或当
前不是什么、不怎么样、不在哪里。
S + amisare + not + P + LA + TA.
= S + am notisn’taren’t + P + LA +
TA.
I am not happy today.
She is not at home now.
They aren’t in the classroom now.
c. 一般疑问句式：提问主语现在或当前
是什么、怎么样、在哪里吗。
AmIsAre + S + P + LA + TA?
Yes, S + amisare. No, S + am
notisn’taren’t.
Is she a student? Yes,
, she isn’t.
Are they intelligent? Yes,
, they aren’t.

56
she
they

d. 选择疑问句式：
AmIsAre + S + P1 or P2 +
LA + TA?
Is your father a teacher or a
doctor?
Are your friends from America or
England?
e. 反义疑问句式：
S + amisare + P + LA +
TA, isn’taren’t +S?
Yes, S + amisare. No, S
+am notisn’taren’t.
S + am notisn’taren’t + P
+ LA + TA, amisare +S?
Yes, S + amisare. No, S
+am notisn’taren’t.
You are a student, aren’t
you? Yes, I , I am not.
I am a good boy, aren’t I?

57

Yes, you , you are not.
f. 特殊疑问句式：提问主语现在或当前是
什么、怎么样、在哪里吗
Wh-How + isaream+ S +
P + LA + TA? (提问哪部分就去掉
哪部分)
What is she?
How are they?
g. 祈使句句式：
Be + P + LA + TA, please.
Don’t be + P + LA + TA, please.
Be careful next time, please.
Don’t be late again, please.
h. 祈使句的反义疑问句式：
Be + P + LA + TA, willwon’t you?
Don’t be + P + LA + TA, will you?

58

Be more careful next time,
willwon’t you?
Don’t be angry, will you?
③ There be 结构的句子：表示现在或当前
什么地方有什么。
a. 陈述句肯定句式：
There isare + S + LA.
There is a book on the desk.
There are five people in my family.
b. 陈述句否定句式：
There isare + not + any + S + LA.
= There isn’taren’t + any + S + LA.
There is not any water in the glass.
There aren’t any students in the
classroom.
c. 反义疑问句式：
There isare + S + LA, isn’aren’t +

59

there?
There isare + not + any + S + LA,
isare + there?
= There isn’taren’t + any + S + LA,
isare + there?
Yes, there + , there +
isn’taren’t.
There are two tigers in the zoo,
aren’t there?
Yes, there , there aren’t.
There isn’t any water in the cup, is
there?
Yes, there , there isn’t.
d. 一般疑问句式：
IsAre + there + S + LA?
Yes, there , there
isn’taren’t.
Is there an apple tree in your yard?
Yes, there is.

60

Are there any foreign students in
your class? No, there aren’t.
e. 特殊疑问句式：
Wh-How + isare + there + S + LA?
What is there on the desk?
How many people are there in your
family?
2. 一般过去时： 1. 表示主语过去经常做什么或
习惯于做什么；
2. 表示过去某一时间发生某
事；
3. 表示主语过去是什么、怎么样、在
哪里；
4. 表示过去什么地方有什么。

61

① 主谓宾结构的句子：表示在过去的某个
时间主语做过什么或某事发生过。
a. 陈述句式的肯定句：
S + V-ed + O + LA + TA.
The hunter killed a wolf in the
forest last night.
I went to the cinema last evening.
b. 陈述句否定句式：
S + didn’t + V + O + LA + TA.
I didn’t go to school yesterday.
We didn’t play football at school
yesterday afternoon.
c. 一般疑问句式：
Did + S + V + O + LA + TA?
Yes, S + , S + didn’t.
Did you see him in the park
yesterday afternoon?

62

Yes, I did.
Did he tell you the news that we
will have a three- day holiday next
week?
No, he didn’t.
d. 选择疑问句式：
Did + S + V + O1 or O2 + LA + TA?
Did + S + V + O + A1 or A2 + LA +
TA?
Did your friends play football or
basketball yesterday afternoon?
Did you go to school by
bus or by bike this morning?
e. 反义疑问句式：
S + V-ed + O + LA + TA, didn’t +
S?
Yes, S + did. No, S +didn’t.
S + didn’t + V + O + LA + TA, did +
S?

63

Yes, S + did. No, S +didn’t.
You played football
yesterday afternoon, didn’t you?
Yes, we , we didn’t.
You didn’t go to school
yesterday, did you?
Yes, I , I didn’t.
f. 特殊疑问句式：
Wh-How + did + S + V + O + LA +
TA?
(提问哪部分就去掉哪部)

Who + V-ed + O + LA + TA?
（提问主语时）


Who played football yesterday?
What did you do last Sunday?
did you go to Xi’an
Where did you go last evening?
How
yesterday?
g. 否定疑问句：（难道）… 不 …
吗？

64

Wasn’tWeren’t + S + P + LA + TA?
Didn’t + S + V + O + LA + TA?
Why didn’t + S + V + O + LA + TA?
Why wasn’tweren’t + S + P + LA
+TA?
Why wasn’tweren’t + there + S
+LA + TA?
Wasn’t that your girlfriend on the
bus just now?
Weren’t you busy yesterday?
Didn’t you know that Tom had
stolen your watch?
Why didn’t you tell him the truth
then?
Why wasn’t there a bridge over
the river two years ago?
② 主系表结构的句子：表示主语过去是什
么、怎么样、在哪里。

65

a. 陈述句肯定式：
S + waswere + P + LA + TA.
He was a teacher in this school
two years ago.
She was very beautiful when she
was in her twenties.
b. 陈述句否定式：
S + waswere + not + P + LA + TA.
= S + wasn’tweren’t + P + LA + TA.
Tom wasn’t a policeman two years
ago.
We weren’t at home last evening.
She wasn’t beautiful when
she was young.
c. 一般疑问句式：
WasWere + S + P + LA + TA？
Yes, S + waswere. No, S +

66

wasn’tweren’t.
Was she a worker two years ago?
Was he very handsome when he
was young?
d. 选择疑问句式：
WasWere + S + P1 or P2 +
LA + TA?
S + waswere + P1. S +
waswere + P2.
Was your father a teacher or a
doctor in the past?
Were your friends in America or
England last year?
d. 反义疑问句式：
S + waswere + P + LA +
TA, wasn’tweren’t + S?
Yes, S + waswere. No, S
+ wasn’tweren’t.

67

S + wasn’tweren’t + P +
LA + TA, waswere +S?
Yes, S + amisare. No, S
+am notisn’taren’t.
You were in Xi’an yesterday,
weren’t you?
Yes, I , I wasn’t.
He was a good boy in the
past, wasn’t he?
Yes, he , he wasn’t.
e. 特殊疑问句式：
Wh-How + waswere + S + P + LA +
TA?
(提问哪部分就去掉哪部分)
What was he two years ago?
Where were you last month?
③ There be 结构的句式：表示过去什么地
方有什么。
a. 陈述句肯定式：

68

There waswere + S + LA + TA.
There was a tree in my yard two
years ago.
There were wolves in the forest in
the past.
b. 陈述句否定句式：
There waswere + not + S + LA +
TA.
= There wasn’tweren’t + S + LA +
TA.
There wasn’t a school in this
village ten years ago.
There weren’t any students in the
classroom just now.
c. 一般疑问句式：
WasWere + there + S + LA + TA?
Yes, there , there
wasn’tweren’t.
Was there a temple on the top of

69

the mountain years ago?
Were there monkeys in the park in
the past?
d. 特殊疑问句式：
Wh-How + waswere + there + S +
LA + TA?
(提问哪部分就去掉哪部分)
What was there in my yard two
years ago?
Where were there monkeys in the
past?
e. 反义疑问句式：
There waswere + S + LA,
wasn’weren’t + there?
There waswere + not + any + S +
LA, waswere + there?
= There wasn’tweren’t + any + S +
LA, waswere + there?
Yes, there + , there +

70

wasn’tweren’t.
There were two trees in your
garden in the past, weren’t there?
Yes, there , there weren’t.
There wasn’t any money in your
pocket, was there?
Yes, there , there wasn’t.
3. 一般将来时：
① 主谓宾结构的句子：表示主语在将来的
某个时间将要做什么。
A. 表示按照计划将做某事：
a. 陈述句肯定句式：
S + amisare + going to + V + O +
LA + TA.
I am going to visit my teacher at
her home tomorrow.
She is going to study in America

71

next year.
b. 陈述句否定句式：
S + amisare + not + going to + V +
O + LA + TA.
= S + am notisn’taren’t + going to
+ V + O + LA + TA.
We are not going to play football
this afternoon.
She isn’t going to study in America
next year.
c. 一般疑问句式：
AmIsAre + S + going to + V + O +
LA + TA?
Yes, S + , S + am
notisn’taren’t.
Are you going to help us
tomorrow?
Is she going to marry her boyfriend
next month?

72

d. 选择疑问句式：
AmIsAre + S + going to + V + O1
or O2 + LA + TA?
AmIsAre + S + going to + V + O
+ A1 or A2 + LA + TA?
Are you going to play football or
basketball at school this afternoon?
Are you going to go to Beijing by
plane or by train next month?
e. 反义疑问句式：
S + amisare + going to +
V + O + LA + TA, isn’taren’t + S?
Yes, S + amisare. No, S
+am notisn’taren’t.
S + am notisn’taren’t +
going to + V + O + LA + TA, amisare +S?
Yes, S + amisare. No, S
+am notisn’taren’t.
You are going to buy a

73

dictionary this afternoon, aren’ t you?
Yes, I , I am not.
Tom isn’t going to get
married next month, is he?
Yes, he , he isn’t.
f. 特殊疑问句式：
Wh-How + isaream + S + going to
+ V + O + LA + TA?

(提问哪部分就去掉哪部)
What are you going to do next
Sunday?
Who is going to marry her next
month?
B. 表示临时决定做某事：
a. 陈述句肯定句式：
S + shallwill + V + O + LA + TA.
I shall call her now.
They will leave soon.

74

b. 陈述句否定句式：
S + shallwill not + V + O + LA + TA.
We shall not have a party this
evening.
I will not go to the cinema with her
this evening.
c. 一般疑问句式：
ShallWill + S + V + O + LA + TA?
Yes, S + , S + shan’t
won’t.
Will they go to the park this
afternoon?
Will you help carry the box?
d. 选择疑问句式：
ShallWill + S + V + O1 or O2 + LA +
TA?
ShallWill + S + V + O + A1 or A2 +
LA + TA?

75

Shall we play football or basketball
at school this afternoon?
Will you go to Xi’an by bus or by
car tomorrow morning?
e. 反义疑问句式：
S + shallwill + V + O + LA + TA,
shan’twon’t +S?
Yes, S + shallwill. No, S +
shan’twon’t.
S + shan’twon’t + V + O + LA + TA,
shallwill +S?
Yes, S + shallwill. No, S +
shan’twon’t.
We shall clean the classroom after
class, shan’t we?
Yes, we , we shan’t.
Tom will go to Tibet tomorrow,
won’t he?
Yes, he , she won’t.

76

f. 特殊疑问句式：
Wh-How + shallwill + S + V + O +
LA + TA?
(提问哪部分就去掉哪部)

Who will clean the classroom this
afternoon?
When will you go to see him?
C. 表示按照时间表或安排很快就要发生的
事情：
a. 陈述句肯定式：
S + amisare to + V + O + LA + TA.
The plane is to take off soon.
The meeting is to start at 2:30.
b. 陈述句否定式：
S + amisare + not to + V + O + LA
+ TA.
The train is not to leave in five
minutes.

77

The party is not to start soon.
c. 一般疑问句式：
AmIsAre + S + to + V + O
+ LA + TA?
Is the film to begin soon?
Is the train to leave in five
minutes?
d. 特殊疑问句式：
Wh-How + amisare + S + to + V +
O + LA + TA?

(提问哪部分就去掉哪部分)
When is the train to leave?
Who is to see us off at the station?
D. 表示即将很快发生的动作：
a. 陈述句式：
S + isaream about to + V + O + LA.
She is about to give a speech to
us.

78

E. 具有方向性的动词可以用现在进行时表
示将来时：
a. 陈述句式：
S + isaream + V-ing + O + LA + TA.
I am coming.
They are leaving.

② 主系表结构的句子：表示主语将来将会
是什么、怎么样、在哪里。
a. 陈述句的肯定句式：
S + amisare going to be + P + LA +
TA.
S + shallwill be + P + LA + TA.
I am going to be a doctor
when I grow up.
My mother will be very busy
tomorrow.

79

Tom will be in Xi’an tomorrow.
b. 陈述句的否定句式：
S + amisare + not + going to be +
P + LA + TA.
= S + am notisn’taren’t + going to
be + P + LA + TA.
S + shallwill + not + be + P + LA +
TA.
= S + shan’twon’t + be + P + LA +
TA.
My brother is not going to be a
policeman after graduation.
I won’t be at home tomorrow
morning.
c. 一般疑问句式：
AmIsAre + S + going to be + P +
LA + TA?
Yes, S + , S + am
notisn’taren’t.

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ShallWill + S + be + P + LA + TA?
Yes, S + , S + shan’t
won’t.

Are you going to be a teacher in
the future?
Will you be at home tomorrow
evening?
d. 选择疑问句式：
AmIsAre + S + going to be + P1 or
P2 + LA + TA?
ShallWill + S + be + P1 or P2 + LA
+ TA?
Are you going to be a teacher or a
businessman in the future?
Will you be in Xi’an or in Yanliang
tomorrow?
e. 反义疑问句式：
S + amisare going to be + P + LA +

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TA, isn’taren’t + S?
Yes, S + amisare. No, S + am
notisn’taren’t.
S + shallwill be + P + LA + TA,
shan’twon’t + S?
Yes, S + , S +
shan’twon’t.
S + amisare + not + going to be +
P + LA + TA, amisare + S?
= S + am notisn’taren’t + going to
be + P + LA + TA, amisare + S?
Yes, S + amisare. No, S + am
notisn’taren’t.
S + shallwill + not + be + P + LA +
TA, shallwill + S?
= S + shan’twon’t + be + P + LA +
TA, shallwill + S?
Yes, S + , S +
shan’twon’t.
You are going to be a teacher in

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the future, aren’t you?
She is not going to be a nurse after
graduation, is she?
Tom will be in Xi’an tomorrow, isn’t
he?
You won’t be at home tomorrow
evening, will you?
f. 特殊疑问句式：
Wh-How + amisare + S + going to
be + P + LA + TA?
Wh-How + shallwill + S + be + P +
LA + TA?
（提问哪部分就去掉哪部分）
What are you going to be in the
future?
Where is your mother going to be
tomorrow?
When will you be at office
tomorrow?
Why

will you
83
be in Xi’an

tomorrow?
③ There be 结构的句式：表示将来什么地
方将会有什么。
a. 陈述句的肯定句式：
There isare going to be + S + LA +
TA.
There will be + S + LA + TA.
There is going to be a football
match at our school tomorrow
afternoon.
There will be a heavy rain this
evening.
b. 陈述句的否定句式：
There isare + not + going to be + S
+ LA + TA.
= There isn’taren’t + going to be +
S + LA + TA.
There will + not + be + S + LA + TA.

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= There won’t + be + S + LA + TA.
There isn’t going to be a basketball
match at our school tomorrow.
There won’t be any students in the
classroom this evening.
c. 反义疑问句式：
There isare going to be + S + LA +
TA, isn’taren’t + there?
Yes, there , there
isn’taren’t.
There will be + S + LA + TA, won’t
there?
Yes, there , there won’t.
There isare + not + going to be + S
+ LA + TA, isare + there?
= There isn’taren’t + going to be +
S + LA + TA, isare + there?
Yes,

there , there
isn’taren’t.
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There will + not + be + S + LA + TA,
will + there?
= There won’t + be + S + LA + TA,
will + there?
Yes, there , there won’t.
There is going to be a meeting this
afternoon, isn’t there?
There will be a test tomorrow
morning, won’t there?
There isn’t going to be an exciting
movie on TV this evening, is there?
There won’t be any students in the
classroom this afternoon, will there?
d. 一般疑问句式：
IsAre + there going to be + S + LA
+ TA?
Will + there be + S + LA + TA?
Are there going to be many people
at your party this evening?

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Will there be an American teacher
at your school next term?
e. 特殊疑问句式：
Wh-How + isare + there isare
going to be + S + LA + TA?
Wh-How + will + there be + S + LA
+ TA?
（提问哪部分就去掉哪部分）
How many foreign
teachers are there going to
be in your school next
year?
How many people will there be at
your party this evening?
4. 过去将来时：
① 主谓宾结构的句子：表示从过去某个时
间来看将来某个时间 主语将做某事。通常作
宾语从句或构成间接引语。

87

a. 陈述句的肯定句式：
S1 + V-ed + (O) + (that) + S2 +
would + V + O + LA + TA.
S1 + V-ed + (O) + (that) + S2 +
waswere going to + V + O + LA + TA.
I never thought (that) you would
bring me a gift for my birthday.
He told me (that) he would go to
Beijing the next day.
b. 陈述句的否定句式：
S1 + V-ed + (O) + (that) + S2 +
would not + V + O + LA + TA.
= S1 + V-ed + (O) + (that) + S2 +
wouldn’t + V + O + LA + TA.
S1 + V-ed + (O) + (that) + S2 +
waswere not going to + V + O + LA
+ TA.
S1 + V-ed + (O) + (that) + S2 +
wasn’tweren’t going to + V + O +

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LA + TA.
He said (that) he would not help us
the next day.
I had thought (that) he wouldn’t tell
me the truth.
c. 一般疑问句式：
S1 + V-ed + (O) + whetherif + S2 +
would + V + O + LA + TA.
S1 + V-ed + (O) + whetherif + S2 +
waswere going to + V + O + LA +
TA.
She asked (me) whetherif I
would take part in her
wedding on that Sunday.
He wanted to know whetherif we
would have a party that night.
d. 特殊疑问句式：
S1 + V-ed + (O) + wh-how + S2 +
would + V + O + LA + TA.

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S1 + V-ed + (O) + wh- how + S2 +
waswere going to + V + O + LA +

TA.
(提问哪部分就去掉哪部)
He asked (our headteacher)
who would teach us English
the next term.
I asked (her) how she would go to
the USA.
② 主系表结构的句子：表示从过某个时间来看将来某个时间主语将是什么、怎么样、
在哪里。通常作宾语从句或构成间接引语。
a. 陈述句的肯定句式：
S1 + V-ed + (O) + (that) + S2 +
would + be + P + LA + TA.
S1 + V-ed + (O) + (that) + S2 +
waswere going to + be + P + LA + TA.
I never thought that I would be a

90

teacher when I grew up.
He told me that he would be in New
York the next month.
b. 陈述句的否定句式：
S1 + V-ed + (O) + (that) + S2 +
would not + be + P + LA + TA.
= S1 + V-ed + (O) + (that) + S2 +
wouldn’t + be + P + LA + TA.
S1 + V-ed + (O) + (that) + S2 +
waswere not going to + be + P +
LA + TA.
= S1 + V-ed + (O) + (that) + S2 +
wasn’tweren’t going to + be + P +
LA + TA.
He said that he would not be at
home the next day.
I had thought that he wouldn’t be
at home when I went to see him.
c. 一般疑问句式：

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S1 + V-ed + (O) + whetherif + S2 +
would + be + P + LA + TA.
S1 + V-ed + (O) + whetherif + S2 +
waswere going to + be + P + LA +
TA.
She asked (me) whether I
would be a doctor after
graduation.
He wanted to know whether we
would be at home that evening.
d. 特殊疑问句式：
S1 + V-ed + (O) + wh-how + S2 +
would + be + P + LA + TA.
S1 + V-ed + (O) + wh-how + S2 +
waswere going to + be + P + LA +

TA.
(提问哪部分就去掉哪部)
He asked (me) who would
be our English teacher the
next term.

92

I asked (her) where she would be
that evening.
③ There be 结构的句子： 表示从过某个
时间来看将来某个时间什么地方将会有什
么。通常作宾语从句或构成间接引语。
a. 陈述句的肯定句式：
S + V-ed + (O) + (that) + there +
waswere going to be + S + LA + TA.
S + V-ed + (O) + (that) + there +
would + be + S + LA + TA.
He told me that there would be a
football match on TV that evening.
I never thought that there would be
so many people at her party.
b. 陈述句的否定句式：
S + V-ed + (O) + (that) + there +
waswere not going to be + S + LA

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+ TA.
= S + V-ed + (O) + (that) + there +
wasn’tweren’t going to be + S + LA
+ TA.
S + V-ed + (O) + (that) + there +
would not + be + S + LA + TA.
= S + V-ed + (O) + (that) + there +
wouldn’t + be + S + LA + TA.
He said (that) there would not be a
movie on TV that evening.
I never thought that there wouldn’t
be any food in my refrigerator.
c. 一般疑问句式：
S + V-ed + (O) + whetherif + there
waswere going to be + S + LA +
TA.
S + V-ed + (O) + whetherif + there +
would + be + S + LA + TA.


She asked (me) whetherif
94

there would be a football
match at our school that
afternoon.
He wanted to know whetherif
there would be a storm that evening.
d. 特殊疑问句式：
S + V-ed + (O) + wh-how + there
waswere going to be + S + LA +
TA.
S + V-ed + (O) + wh-how + there +
would + be + S + LA + TA.

(提问哪部分就去掉哪部)
He asked (me) how many
people there would be at our
English party that
evening.
I asked (her) how many American
students there would be in her
class the next term.

95

5. 现在进行时：表示此时此刻或当前一段时间主
语正在做某事或某事正在发生。


a. 陈述句的肯定式：
S + amisare + V-ing + O + MA + LA
They are playing basketball
+ TA.
happily on the playground now.
My parents are watching TV in the
living room now.
b. 陈述句的否定式：
S + amisare + not + V-ing + O +
MA + LA + TA.
= S + am notisn’taren’t + V-ing + O
+ MA + LA + TA.
I am not watching TV at home now.
They are not learning English in
the classroom now.

96

c. 反义疑问句式：
S + isamare + V-ing + O + MA + LA
+ TA, isn’taren’t + S?
S + am notisn’taren’t + V-ing + O +
MA + LA + TA, amisare + S?
Yes, S + , S + am
notisn’taren’t.
Your parents are watching TV in
the living room, aren’t they?
Yes, they , they aren’t.
You are not learning in your study
now, are you
Yes, I , I am not.
d. 一般疑问句式：
IsAreAm + S + V-ing + O + MA +
LA + TA?
Is she playing the piano in her
room now?
Are they learning English in the

97

classroom now?
e. 选择疑问句式：
IsAreAm + S + V-ing + O1 or + O2
+ MA + LA + TA?
IsAreAm + S + V-ing + O1 or +
V-ing + O2 + MA + LA + TA?
Are they playing football or
basketball on the playground now?
Are you learning English or
watching TV at home now?
f. 特殊疑问句式：
Wh-How + isaream + S + V-ing +
O + MA + LA + TA?

(提问哪部分就去掉哪部)
Who is singing in the next room
now?
Where are they playing football
now?
g. 否定疑问句式：

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Why + isn’taren’t + S + V-ing + O +
MA + LA + TA?
Why aren’t you sleeping now?
Why isn’t she learning English in
her study now?
6. 过去进行时：表示在过去的某个时间主语正在
做某事或某事正在发生。











常用的时间状语有：
at this time yesterday
morningafternoonevening;
at this time last weekmonthyear;
at that time;
at nine o’clock yesterday morning;
just now;
from June to August last year;
when + S + V-ed + O + LA +TA.
a. 陈述句的肯定句式：
S + waswere + V-ing + O + MA + LA
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+ TA.
I was watching TV at this time last
evening.
They were learning English when I
went to see them.
b. 陈述句的否定式：
S + waswere + not + V-ing + O +
MA + LA + TA.
= S + wasn’tweren’t + V-ing + O +
MA + LA + TA.
I was not watching TV at home at
nine o’clock last evening.
They were not learning English in
the classroom when I went to see
them.
c. 反义疑问句式：
S + waswere + V-ing + O + MA + LA
+ TA, wasn’tweren’t + S?
S + wasn’tweren’t + V-ing + O + MA

100