现代英语语法笔记整理

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现代英语语法笔记整理
下面是我整理出来经常错误的题目
其中选择题20‘ 填空题30‘ 改错题8’句型转换题28‘ 其余名词解释和问答
14‘
要想及格那么选择题、填空题和句型转换题一定得拿55分以上，此三种题型也
较容易拿分
注：名词解释题和简单题不再详述，我会在以上4道题中谈到。
一、 选择题（20‘）此节还适合于综合英语二
选择题的题型以及考点：
1． 关于by the time 用法
By the time 表示 “当…的时候”
Eg. By the time the course ends, we will have learnt a lot about market
money
像此类题我们通常会做成过去完成时，但这样是错误的
记住这句话：
从句用一般时，主句用将来时。
2. need 的用法
记住它有三种方法
“need”作为实义动词时，通常用法是：
人＋need ＋to do
物＋need ＋doing
物＋need ＋to be done
Eg. The recorder needs repairing. Or, The recorder needs to be
repaired。
此题考法简单，通常会给出这两个答案中的一个，比如要么给出repairing
要么给出 to be repaired。题目可能会变但这三种用法不会变
3. 关于a large number of a large amount of a great deal of a large
number of a lot of plenty of numerous much many few little
修饰名词的：a large number of 、numerous、many、 few
修饰不可数名词：a large amount of 、a great deal of、much、 little
既修饰可数和不可数：a lot of plenty of
个人认为只要知道修饰可数的和不可数的就行了，黑体字表示容易错的一
定要记住。
4. see的用法，此题型经常考
see 有两种用法
such as: 1. see sb doing sth. 强调看见某人正在做某事,着重动作过程
eg, I saw him drawing by the river then.说明他正在看他
画画，强调看画画的过程。
2. see sb do sth. 是看见某人做某事,着重于看见这件事的发生
eg. I saw Dr. Smith enter the operating room a moment ago.
说明他看到过Smith进了手术室了.
5. 考倒装：
考倒装的范围相当广，一般有这些词需要倒装
1. 虚拟语气的倒装

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如Had I known what was going to happen, I would have never left
him home alone.
2. 某些否定意义的副词、连词或词组位于句首时，通常采用倒装结构。
如not, hardly,never,
rarely, nowhere, seldom, at no time, in no way, on no account, not
until, not only… but also; neither… nor, hardly… when; no
sooner… than
如Not a single person does he know here.
In no way can teaching in school be separated from practice.
Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted
Not only do the students like the film, but also the teachers are
interested in it.
Hardly had he got into the room when the telephone rang.
3、当only + 状语（副词、介词、状语从句）位于句首时，必须采用倒装
句形式。如：
Only in this way can you learn English well.
4、为了避免重复，用so, neither, nor表示前一句陈述的内容也适合另一
个人或物时，常用倒装句。如：
--- I like swimming in winter.
--- So do I.
5、在so… that结构中，如果为了强调so后的内容，可以把so连同其修
饰的形容词和副词一 起提到句首，采用倒装句结构。如：
So tired he was that he went to bed early.
举例试卷上的试题：
Never before had anyone been sent to prison for that particular crime.
Only In the deep forest could we find out such wonderful plants.
6. 时态
英语中时态是肯定要考的题型
首先我们先讲几个定义
tense & aspect: as tense points to the temporal location of an event
or a state of affairs, aspect ”reflects the way in which the verb
action is regarded or experienced with respect to time.”
时和体是两个不同的语法范畴。 在形式上时是通过动词的曲折变化构成的，
而体则是由词的组合体现的
Tense which we can divided into simple present and simple past
Aspect which we can divided into progressive aspect(进行体) and
perfect aspect（完成体）
再次，我们讲几种常见的时态
1．现在一般时：一般现在时表示现 在经常反复发生的动作、存在的状态或
习惯性的动作的时态。
Eg. The earth moves around the sun.
2．现在进行时：现在进行时表示现在或当前一般时间正在进行的动作。
Eg. My sister will be here tomorrow, but at first I thought that
she is coming today

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“today”说明这个动作发生 在现在，根据题意得出这个动作是正在进行
的动作并且可能延续到明天。
3．现在完成进行时：表示前段有进行的动作，这动作仍在进行， 也可能已
经停止。
five o’clock this evening the spaceship has been traveling
eleven times round the world.
当晚上5点的时候飞船已经绕着地球飞七圈了。
此道题就如定义说的首先飞机前面已经飞行七 圈说明前段时间在动作，
但飞机还有可能继续飞下去所以用现在完成进行时最正确。
类似的有：
Have you seen my dictionary anywhere? I have been looking for it
since this morning.
4. 过去将来时：过去将来时表示从过去的某一时间来看将来要发生的动作
或存在的状态。
Eg. Betty said that she would arrive at the airport till noon.
“said” 说明是过去的时态，noon说名过去将要发生的动作。
7. 过去分词作状语,此题也是常考题
此类题的破解点就在于找到正确的逻辑主语。一般有两种考法：一种是有被
动的、一种是主动的
被动的： been shown the laboratory, we were taken to visit
the workshops(车间).
根据“we were taken to visit the workshops”显而易见无论是工厂还
是实验室都是被我们参观的所以这里用被动
主动的：Having heard that he had succeeded in designing a new device
of laser, we came to congratulate him on his success.而在这里显而
易见是主动的，因为听到有人成功的消息肯定是主动的，不可能被动。
8. 反义疑问句（tag-question）
Tag-question normally consists of a statement and a question tag.
反义疑问句通常有陈述句和一般疑问句构成。
Which can divided into 2 classification
(1)You’re listening, aren’t you?(positive statement + negative
tag)
(2)You’re not listening, are you?(negative statement + positive tag)
我总结了一下反义疑问句出题的思路也是通常容易错的。
(1)第一种是有否定词的，如seldom,反义仍用肯定。
She seldom leaves the room in winter, does she?
(2)第二种是 let’s 或者是 let us
这两种反义疑问句有区别,但是无论肯定还是否定永远是这样的答案。
Let’s go out for a walk, shall we? 这种大家都会做
Let us go out for a walk, will you?
(3)第三种是有定语从句的类型（这种最容易错）
I believe that he will win, won’t he? （千万要记住这种情况）
9. worth，worthy，worth-while都为adj. 意为值得。
1. worth： be worth + n. 当名词为金钱时，表示

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be worth doing sth.
The question is not worth discussing again and again.
2. worthy：be worthy of +n. 当名词为抽象名词时表示
be worthy to be done 某事值得被做
The question is not worthy to be discussed againand again.
3. worth-while：be worth-while to do sth 值得做某事
It is worth while doing sth
It is worth while sb to do sth.
考试题型有：I don’t think the house is worth the price.
10. 下列记住这些词的区分
a) keep up：坚持
keep up with：跟上，于。。。保持接触
keep from：禁止 如keep from smoking.
b) look through: 看穿、浏览、温习
look at:：考虑
look out:留神、照料
look up:查阅 如 look up dictionary
c) turn in:上床睡觉
turn up:找到、出现 如：I waited half an hour for my friend, but
he didn’t turn up.
turn over:反复考虑
turn out：①证明是，结果是 ②关掉 ③生产 ④赶走
eg. It has turned out that our nephew is the most suitable person
for the job.
d) carry out: 发现
carry on:继续
eg. Life on earth Is not going to be impossible, but it will have
to be carried on in far favorable circumstances.
尽管在这世上生命不可能一直存在，但是生命会在这种良好的条件下延
续下去。
carry away:使失去控制
e) ran into :遭遇 The ship ran into a heavy storm shortly after it
set off.
ran down:停止衰弱
ran over:温习
ran through:匆匆看过
11.辨别这些意思相近的词
a) affect & effect
affect ：vt. 影响
effect ：n. 影响
如：Though the long term effect cannot be predicted, the project has
been approved by the committee
区别在于词形不同
2. in case 以防

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in case of 以防（跟名词短语）
in the case 在…情况下
in any case 无论如何
3. be bound to do sth. 一定要做某事
be about to…将要
be likely to do…有可能
4. valueless 无价值的（不值钱的）
priceless 无价的（贵重的）
eg. Be careful, the vase is priceless.
5. somewhere:某处
anywhere：在任何地方（用于否定句以及疑问句用来代替somewhere）
6. as a result 作为结果
result in 结果导致+名词