英语语法之十种常见时态

时态
（表示动作的时间和状态，通过谓语动词的变化来体现）
一、现在进行时
·形式：Amisare +V.-ing
·用法：①基本用法：现在正在进行的动作
a.表示此时此刻
We are studying English now.
b.表示现阶段
J.K Rowling is writing another book this year.
②特殊用法：表示确定要发生的将来
I am coming to see you. 我马上就过来看你
The bus is coming. 车快来了
We are arriving at…. 我们将要到达……
The old man is dying. 这位老人快去世了。
·变否定、疑问句
He is listening.→He is not listening.
Is he listening? →What is he doing?
·补充：与频度副词always, forever 等连用表感情色彩。

二、一般现在时
·形式：V.原形V.第三人称单数
主语是hesheit
可数名词单数 +V.第三人称单数
不可数名词
·用法：
①基本用法：现在经常性习惯性的动作
He often gets up late.
②特殊用法：a.现在即永恒：客观事实，名言警句，科学真理
b.表示确定要发生
且有时间表或日程表的将来

．．．．．．．．．．．．．．
The train arrives at 10:00.
·变否定、疑问句
He is happy. → He isn’t happy.
Is he happy? → How is he?
You like English. →You don’t like English.
He likes English. → He doesn’t like English.
·补充：
可与频率连用：Always, usually, often, frequently, sometimes
Seldom, hardly, never
Every…
Once a week, twice a month, three times a year

三、一般过去时
·形式：V.过去式
·用法：表示过去的动作
·变否定、疑问句
He was happy. →he wasn’t happy.
He liked English. →he didn’t like English.
Did he like English?
What did he like?
·补充
V.过去式
只表示一般过去时
V.过去分词
① have + v.过去分词表完成时
② be + v.过去分词表被动语态
③不作谓语

四、过去进行时
·形式： WasWere +V.-ing
·用法：表示过去正在进行的动作
I was working at 3:00 yesterday.
用于设置背景: While he was sleeping, the thief came in.
通常与进行时连用强调正在进行。

五、一般将来时
·形式：amisare + going to
Will + V.原形
Shall(只能用于第一人称)
·用法：将来的动作（现在的将来），通常表示将来有可能发生的事。
·补充：①表示将来的词组
Be about to do…多用于口语，表示立刻马上将要做
Be to do…打算做，有计划性的
②be going to 强调事先有计划的，打算好的，有预兆的
Will 强调个人意愿，临时决定的

六、过去将来时
·形式：would+ V.原形
Was were going to + V.原形
·用法：表示过去的将来
After I finished my work, I would have dinner.

七、现在完成时
·形式：havehas +V.过去分词
·用法：①现在已经全部完成 he has left.
②现在已经部分完成 we have learned English for 10 years.
判断现在完成时，将“现在已经”带入语义，通顺则是现在完成时

八、过去完成时
·形式：had+V.过去分词
·用法：①过去已经全部完成②过去已经部分完成
e.g.: before 8 o’clock yesterday , she had eaten all the food.
When she got there, she had left.
·变否定、疑问句：he had left.→he had not left.
Had he left?→what had he done?
·补充：①现在完成时和过去完成时含义相同，截止时间点不同
It is（表现在）10:00, the doctor has operated for 5 hours.
It was（表过去）10:00, the doctor had operated for 5 hours.
②过去完成时和一般现在时先后顺序不同，过去完成时在先。

九、将来完成时
·形式：will have + V.过去分词（have 不能换成 has）
·用法：①将来已经全部完成②将来已经部分完成
在时间句和条件句中经常用
e.g.: by the end of next year, they will finished work on the new stadium.
By + 时间，表示截止到什么时候，与完成时连用

十、现在完成进行时

·形式：havehas been + V.-ing
·用法：现在已经…… 还在进行，持续进行，时间上来讲，从过去持续到了现在的事
现在完成时：He has waited for three hours.
现在完成进行时：He has been waiting for three hours.
·补充：只有延续性动词才能用在完成进行时当中
A: the baby is crying. 现在进行时
B: he has been crying for ten minutes. 现在完成进行时