考研考博常用英语专有名词

总裁助理assistant president
综合治理comprehensive treatment
安居工程housing project for low-income urban residents
信息化information-based; informationization
智力密集型concentration of brainpower; knowledge- intensive
外资企业overseas-funded enterprises
下岗职工laid-off workers
分流reposition of redundant personnel
三角债chain debts
素质教育education for all-round development
豆腐渣工程jerry-built projects
社会治安情况law-and- order situation
民族 国家nation state
台独
台湾当局Taiwan authorities
台湾同胞Taiwan compatriots
台湾是中国领土不可分割的一部分。Taiwan is an inalienable part of the
Chinese territory.
西部大开发Development of the West Regions
可持续性发展sustainable development
风险投资risk investment
通货膨胀inflation

通货紧缩deflation
扩大内需to expand domestic demand
计算机辅助教学computer-assisted instruction(CAI)
网络空间cyberspace
虚拟现实virtual reality
网民netizen(net citizen)
电脑犯罪computer crime
电子商务the e-business
网上购物shopping online
学生减负to reduce study load
下海plunge into the commercial sea
下网offline
小康之家well-off family; comfortably-off family
新秀up-and- coming star, rising star
新新人类New Human Being；X Generation
信息港info port
形象小姐先生image representative of a product or a brand
虚拟网virtual net
学生处students’ affairs division
研究生毕业证学位证graduate diploma graduate degree’s diploma
摇钱树cash cow
以人为本people oriented; people foremost

义务教育compulsory education
易拉罐pop can
应试教育examination-oriented education system
舆论导向direction of public opinion
运球dribble
在职博士生on-job doctorate
早恋puppy love
招生就业指导办公室enrolment and vocation guidance office
证券营业部stock exchange; security exchange
知识产权intellectual property rights
中专生secondary specialized or technical school student
中流砥柱mainstay, chief cornerstone
专卖店exclusive agency; franchised store
自我保护意识self-protection awareness
综合国力comprehensive national strength
综合业务数字网integrated service digital network(ISDN)
公正、公平、公开just, fair and open
好莱坞大片Hollywood blockbuster
黄金时段prime time
假唱lip-synch
劲射power shot
拉拉队cheering squad

来电显示电话机caller ID telephone
论文答辩(thesis) oral defense
泡沫经济bubble economy
票贩子scalper, ticket tout
拳头产品competitive products; knock-out products; blockbuster
三角恋爱love triangle
三维动画片three-dimensional animation
申办奥运会bid for the Olympic Games
实现中华民伟大复兴bring about a great rejuvenation of the Chinese
nation
市场疲软sluggish market
筒子楼tube-shaped apartment
脱贫致富cast(shake,throw) off poverty and set out on a road to prosperity
网吧Internet bar
网恋online love affair
网上冲浪surf the Internet
网上交易平台online trading platform
网友net friend
无人售票self- service ticketing
无绳来电显示电话cordless telephone with caller ID
无线应用协议 WAP（wireless application protocol）

不服从父母disobey their parents
倡导人力资源管理advocate the management of human resources
调查性和婚姻状况conduct a survey on sex and marriage
对子女寄予厚望pin great hopes on their children
反映人们的私生活reflect people’s private lives
鼓励创建文明家庭encourage the idea of “Civilized Families”
过孤独的生活lead an isolated life
坚持计划生育的基本国策stick to the basic state policy for family planning
进行全国人口普查carry out national population census
禁止他人作克隆人的实验inhibit others from doing human cloning
experiments
开辟人类历史新纪元start a new chapter in the history of human
控制人口数量(增长) control the population size (growth)
实现向低出生、低死亡、低自然增长的现代人口再生产类型的转变
bring about a transition to the modern population reproduction pattern
characterized by a low birth rate, low death rate and low natural growth
rate
损害人类社会的道德观damage the morality of human society
缩小代沟narrow the gap
提倡晚婚晚育encourage late marriage and late childbirth
提出离婚ask for a divorce
提高人口素质improve the population quality

维护和促进人民的生存权和发展权safeguard and promote the people’s
rights to subsistence and development
维护人权和不断改善人权状况safeguard human rights and steadily improve
the human rights situation
享受优越的生活条件enjoy good living condition
显示明显的差异display a marked difference
优化人口结构optimize the population structure
优生优育bear and rear better children
占总人口的10% account for 10% of the total population
造成不同的思想和观念result in a different ideology and concepts
造福人类和科学benefit mankind and science
正确处理经济发展同人口、资源、环境的关系
correctly handle the relationship of economic development
versus (with) population，natural resources and environment
征求父母的意见ask for her parents’ opinion
挣零花钱earn their pocket money
重视人口老年化问题pay attention to the problem of an aging population
逐渐削弱长辈的权威undermine the authority of the older generation
尊重和保障人权 respect and guarantee human rights

帮助减缓全球变暖速度help slow down the pace of global warming
保持生态平衡keep ecological balance
保持水土preserve soil and water
保护珍稀野生动植物protect rare wild animals and plants
保留为自然耕地reserve as natural farmland
采用环保技术adopt environmental protection technique
采用新的开采方法apply new exploitation methods
参加城市重建participate in the reconstruction of the city
参加环保运动take part in environmental protection activities
产生巨大的水文效应produce great hydrological effects
崇尚绿色生活方式pursue a “green” life
创造良好的生态环境create a pleasant ecological environment
促进城市可持续发展promote the sustainable development of the city
发展太阳能develop solar energy
防治污染prevent and control pollution
非常注重保护森林pay great attention to the conservation of forest
改善生态环境improve the eco- environment (ecological environment)
关闭化工厂close chemical plants
加大污染治理力度strengthen pollution control
加强城市绿化strengthen the greening of the city
加强环境保护strengthen environmental protection
加强生态建设improve the eco-construction

加强水土保持reinforce the conservation of water and soil
坚持门前三包制度adhere to “the three responsibilities in the gate area”
减少机动车辆reduce the number of vehicles
减少浪费reduce waste
揭开人类生命的奥秘decode the secret of human life
进一步加快环保规划further speed up environmental protection plans
禁止露天焚烧prohibit burning out in the open
开展保护野生动物宣传教育advocate to educate the public the protection
of wild animals
开展绿色活动advocate green activities
扩建管道网络expand the pipe network
普及环保知识popularize environmental protection knowledge
窃取密码snatch password
窃取知识产权lift intellectual property
实行严格的机动车排放标准implement strict vehicle emission standards
使电脑死机crash computers
使用再生纸use recycle paper
探索…的奥秘probe the mysteries of
淘汰或改造燃煤锅炉eliminate or convert coal-burning boilers
提高环境管理水平raise the environmental management level
提高居民的环保和生态意识improve residents’ environmental
and ecological awareness

提高清洁能源的比重increase the supply of clean energy resources
投放电脑病毒unleash viruses
完善城市基础设施建设perfect the construction of urban infrastructure
为大量野生动植物提供栖息地provide habitats for a huge number of wild
animals and plants
为人类提供水和食物supply water and food for human beings
享受国家一级保护enjoy first-class protection of the State
削减污物排放decrease the disposal of pollutants
抑制传染病的传播strain the spread of infectious diseases
引发一系列的问题result in a series of problems
预防爱滋病蔓延prevent the widespread of AIDS
增强环境意识enhance the awareness of the importance of (raise the
consciousness about) environmental protection
战胜非典defeat SARS
治理沙地和水土流失问题tackle the problems of sand and soil erosion
注重节约资源attach importance to saving resources

把…列为世界自然文化遗产list …as a world natural heritage site
摆架子(摆谱儿) put on airs (show off, keep up appearances)
保护文化遗产protect cultural heritage (relics)
博采各国文化之长draw on strong point of the cultures of other countries
不注重历史neglect history
采取保护态度take protective attitude
承担应有的义务undertake the due obligations
承前启后，继往开来build on the past and prepare for the future; inherit the
past and usher in the future
充分发挥知识分子的积极性和创造性give full play to the initiative and
creativity of intellectuals
触击现行法律的盲区touch a blank area of the existing law
创建卫生城市build a nationally advanced clean city
辞旧迎新bid farewell to the old and usher in the new (ring out the old
year and ring in the new)
从事电子商务工作conduct e-commerce
促进儿童身心健康发展promote the healthy development of children both
physically and mentally
促进交流promote the communication
促进文化市场健康发展facilitate the sound development of the markets for
cultural products
促进相互了解enhance (further) mutual understanding

得到群众的广泛支持enjoy grass-root support
抵住…的诱惑resist the temptation of
对…持欢迎态度take a welcoming attitude to
对…情有独钟show special preference (favor) to
发挥…的聪明才智develop one’s own talents and wisdom
发挥潜力tap one’s potential
繁荣文学艺术enable literature and art to flourish promote flourishing
literature and art
反映中国的灿烂文化reflect the rich culture of China
放下架子relinquish haughty airs (get off one’s high horse, throw off one’
s airs)
腐蚀人的灵魂poison one’s mind
改进教学improve teaching and learning
给学生减负alleviate the burden on students
和…持相似观点share views similar to
互派访问学者exchange visiting scholars
激发旅游热情stimulate enthusiasm for traveling
继承历史文化优秀传统carry on the fine cultural traditions handed from
history; carry on the fine historical and cultural traditions
加强文化基础设施建设build more cultural establishments
讲诚信，反欺诈honor credibility and oppose cheating
交换意见exchange views (ideas, opinions)

教书育人impart knowledge and educate people
经受住暴风雨的考验weather the storm
精心编写教材compile the textbooks with great care
净化因特网purify the Net
举办文化节(展览会) hold (conduct, give) cultural festivals (an exhibition)
举行学术会议hold an academic meeting
开创假日经济initiate Holiday Economy
开发潜力exploit one’s potential
开阔视野widen one’s vision (horizon)
开设课程offer courses
开展对外文化交流conduct cultural exchange with other countries
开展群众性文化活动carry out mass activities on culture
攀登事业的高峰climb one’s career ladder
评估学业成绩evaluate academic scores (achievements)

避开与…比赛avoid playing against
标志一个历史时刻mark a historic time
表现完美give some very good performance
剥夺冠军strip the gold medal of somebody
采取新的计分方法adopt a new scoring system
参加火炬接力participate in the torch-relay
参加热身赛take part in a key warm-up game
参加申办活动participate in the bidding campaign
超过世界记录surpass the world record
成为国家的骄傲become the pride of the nation
创新世界纪录set a new world record
达到国际体育标准reach the standard for international games
打败比利时队defeat Belgium
打破恶性循环break the wretched cycle
打破世界纪录beat (break, cut) the world record (for …)
担任中国国家队主教练serve as the head coach of the Chinese national
team
夺冠take the crown
反对使用兴奋剂oppose the use of performance-enhancing drugs
符合举办奥运会的要求meet the requirements of hosting the Olympic
Games
更具进攻性become more aggressive

鼓舞队员的士气boost the morale of the team members
获得认可gain recognition
获得团体冠军win the team title
激发中国青年的雄心壮志fuel the ambitions of Chinese youths
急于获胜gain an eagerness to win
建立职业联赛和俱乐部set up a professional league and clubs
角逐世界杯compete for the World Cup
满意抽签结果satisfy with the draw
面对强手face strong rivals
鸣笛终止比赛blow a whistle to stop the end of the match
配备各种设施furnish and equip with all facilities
取得经验gain experience
取得世界杯决赛资格qualify for the World Cup finals
确保中国进入决赛ensure China’s appearance in the final
申奥bid (apply) for being the host country of the Olympics
失去男子单打冠军miss out on men’s singles gold
实现零的突破fulfill the zero (gold medal, medal, etc) breakthrough
使其他选手相形见绌dwarf other athletes
使生命焕发活力wake up one’s life
使中国以3∶2取胜 give the Chinese a 3-2 victory
提出比赛建议make comments on the contests
提高中国队的水平raise the level of the Chinese team

挑选选手choose players
同教练反应一致share the same reaction with their coach
为奥林匹克运动做出贡献make contribution to the Olympics movement
and world peace
卫冕世界冠军regain world champion
吸引中国大学生优秀选手attract China’s top university players
向世界顶级球队学习learn from the world’s top teams
与对手较量take on an opponent
与强队竞争compete with strong teams
增进友谊strengthen friendship
展示技能demonstrate their skills
展示中国足球的最新发展demonstrate (show) the latest development of
China’s soccer
主办奥运会host the Olympic Games
主办中国大学生篮球联赛sponsor the China University Basketball
Association league
抓住练习和学习的机会grasp the chance to practise and learn

爱岗敬业cherish posts and devote wholeheartedly to work
保持国民经济发展的良好势头maintain a good momentum of growth in the
national economy
保持国有股keep the State-held shares
保证下岗职工的基本生活guarantee the basic needs of laid- off workers
被指控接受贿赂be accused of accepting bribes
采取不同的办法adopt various methods
采取反垄断措施take anti-monopoly measures
承担风险bear (take) risk
筹集足够的资金raise enough funds (capital, proceeds)
创收外汇earn foreign exchange (currency)
刺激国内经济需求spur domestic demand
刺激国内需求stimulate domestic demand
从粗放经济转变为集约经济shift from extensive economy to intensive
economy
从国外引进先进技术和管理经验introduce from abroad the advanced
technology and management expertise
促进地区间的合作promote regional cooperation
促进改革promote reform
促进全球经济一体化foster integration with the global economy
打击投机crack down on speculation and profiteering
打破垄断break the monopoly

打假take strong measures against fake and shoddy products (crack down
on counterfeit goods)
对…提出控告(投诉) lodge complaints against…
对…造成(构成)威胁form (pose) a threat to…
夺回失去的市场take back lost market
发挥自身优势give full play to one’s advantages
防范和化解金融风险take precautions against and reduce financial risks
改善投资环境improve the environment for investment
赶超先进surpass the advanced
给…带来积极影响bring a more positive impact on…
根据市场作出调整gear ourselves to the market orientation
公证财产notarize the properties
和…达成(签订)协议reach (sign) an agreement with
和…进一步合作further cooperation with
和…有合作关系have cooperative ties with
活跃市场enliven the market
集中精力把经济建设搞上去go all out for economic development
计算出准确的工资水平figure out an exact salary level
加快经济发展和结构调整speed up economic development and
restructuring
加快竞争步伐accelerate the competition
加快努力speed up efforts

加强风险防范prepare oneself against possible risks
加强管理reinforce the management
减缓通货紧缩的压力ease the seriousness of deflation
减轻…的负担reduce (lighten) the burden of (on)
减员增效downsize for efficiency; cut payroll to improve efficiency
剪彩cut the ribbon
解除劳动关系sever labor relation
解放生产力emancipate the productive forces (free the productivity)







把…捐给慈善机构donate …to charities
把…看成社会公敌look upon … as a threat to society
把…列为基本国策list…..as fundamental national policies
把…作为指导take… as the guide
把理论和实际结合起来integrate theory with practice …
把握大局grasp the overall situation
摆脱贫穷落后get rid of poverty and backwardness

保护妇女权利不受侵犯guarantee (protect) women’s rights against
infringement
采取各种措施adopt various measures
参政、议政participate in the management of State affairs
充满信心和力量be filled with confidence and strength
打破僵局break the deadlock
打破禁区break off a forbidden zone
得出结论draw ( arrive at，come to，reach ) a conclusion
锻造一支人民军队forge a people’s army
对…具有深远的影响have a far-reaching impact on
对…做出重要(巨大)贡献make important (great, major) contributions to
反对各种形式的恐怖主义be opposed to all forms of terrorism
反腐倡廉combat corruption and build a clean government
高举伟大旗帜hold high the great banner
给…带来机遇和挑战present (bring) both opportunities and challenges to
根除(防止,消除)腐败 root out (prevent, eliminate) corruption
观察当今世界observe the present-day world
缓和紧张状况ease the tension
回顾奋斗历程review the course of struggle
加快改革步伐accelerate the speed of reform
加强舆论监督ensure that the correct orientation is maintained in public
opinion

坚持改革开放政策adhere to the reform and open policy
坚持统一，反对分裂，增加了解，化解歧见persist in reunification, oppose
separation, increase understanding and iron out differences
减轻农民负担alleviate farmer’s burden
解放思想emancipate our minds
解决温饱问题solve the problem of food and clothing
解决新问题resolve new problems
进入世界先进行列edge into the advanced ranks in the world
进入新时期enter a new period
进行和谈hold peace talks
进行战略性调整make strategic readjustment
就…接受妥协accept a compromise on
开发西部remake the west
开始生效go into effect (enter into force)
开拓前进open up new ways forward
科教兴国rejuvenate our country through science and education
理顺关系rationalize the relationship