英文单词拼写规则

一、元音字母在重读音节中的读音
元音字母
a
在开音节中
在闭音节中
在开音节中
在闭音节中
在开音节中
在闭音节中
在开音节中
在闭音节中
在开音节中
在闭音节中
读 音
[e]
[?]
[i:]
[e]
[a]
[]
[]
例 词
name plane Jane baby cake
bag dad hat map black back
he these me Chinese
bed let pen desk yes egg
bike fly drive time nice kite
fish big drink sit milk swim
编 号
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e
iy
o
[u]
those close go hoe home no
clock not box shop sock
[ju:] student excuse duty Tuesday
[] bus cup jump much lunch
u
在开音节中，元音字母u在辅音字母j l r s后面时读[u:]音，例如：June blue ruler
super

二、元音字母在非重读音节中的读音
元音字母
a
读 音
[]
[]
e
[]
[]]
iy
[][]]
[a]]
o
[]
[u]
u
[]
[ju(:)]
例 词
China another woman breakfast
orange comrade village cabbage
hundred student open moment
chicken pocket begin children
holiday beautiful family animal
exercise satellite
second tonight somebody welcome
also zero photo
autumn difficult
popular congratulation January
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动词中的a如果处在开音节位置，a读[e]音，例如：operate
u处在开音节位置，又在辅音字母j l r s后面时，读[u(:)]音，例如：July influence
February issue
在非重读音节中，许多单词中的元音字母a e i 即可以读作[]音，也可以读作[]]音。

三、元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音
元音字母
a在[w]音后面
读 音
[]
例 词
want what watch wash quality
编 号
3-01

a在f n sk ph sp ss st th前
i在gh -gn -ld -nd前
o在-st -ld前
o在m n v th前
[:]
[a]
[]
after plant graph ask grasp glass fast father
high light sign child find
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[u]
most postcard old cold
come monkey love mother
四、-r音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音
元音字组
ar
ar在[w]音后面
or
or在[w]音后面
er ir ur
读 音
[:]
[:]
[:]
[:]
[:]
例 词
car farm dark sharpener
warm quarter towards
forty morning short
word worker worse
certainly bird Thursday
编 号
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辅音字母r双写时，前面的元音字母不能与r构成- r音节,而是按重读闭音节的拼
读规则发音。例如： carry berry mirror sorry hurry
-r音节元音字组在非重读音节中通常读[]音，例如：dollar teacher martyr comfort
Saturday

五、-re音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音
元音字组
are
ere
ire
ore
ure
读 音
[e]
[]
[a]
[:]
[ju]
care dare hare
here mere
fire hire wire
more score before
pure cure
例 词 编 号
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5-02
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重读音节中元音字母加r，再加非重读元字组时，元音字母和r构成- re
音节的变体，按-re音节拼读规则拼读，字母r读[r]音。
例如：parent zero inspiring story during
某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象。
例如：orange very American paragraph forest spirit
完整的-re音节are ere ire ore很少出现在非重读音节中，ure在非重读音
节中读[]音，例如：picture pleasure
非重读音节中-re音节的变体通常发[r]音，例如：salary
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六、元音字组在重读音节中的读音
元音字组 读 音 例 词 编 号

aiay
air
al
al 在 f m 前
auaw
[e]
[:]
afraid rain wait day play 6-01
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[e]
air hair chair pair repair
small ball talk wall all
[:l] always also salt almost
[:]
[:]
[i:]
half calm
autumn daughter draw
teach easy cheap please
heavy bread sweater weather
break great
hear dear near clear year
ea [e]
[e]
[]
ear
[e]
bear pear wear swear
[:] earth learn early
jeep week green three
pioneer deer beer
eight neighbour they
[i:]
[]
[e]
[u:]
[i:]
ee
eer
eiey
euew
在 j l r 后
ie[s]音后拼写为ei
oa
oaroor
oioy
oo
[ju:] new few newspaper
flew brew jewelry
piece field receive seize
[u]
coat Joan boat goal
[:]
[]
[u:]
[u]
roar board door floor
noise point boy toilet
broom food tooth school
book look cook foot good
[au] flower house count down
ouow
[u]
know row throw though
[]
[u:]
[:]
our
young country enough
group you soup through
course your four
[au]
our hour ours
[:] journey
[ju:]
annuity continuity
[u:] juice sluice fruit suit
Gentiles
ui
ui 在j l r s后
七、非重读音节中元音字组和字群的读音

元音字组或字群
aiay eiey
ow
读 音
[]
[u]
例 词
Sunday foreign monkey
yellow sparrow tomorrow
编 号
7-01
7-02
7-03
元音字组在非重读音节中读[]音或[]音。
例如:neighbour serious famous biscuit coffee
-sion -tion
-sion在元音字母后
-tion在s后
-sten
-stle
-sure
-sure在元音字母后
-ture
[n]
[n]
[n]
[sn]
[sl]
[
[
[
]
]
]
impression nation
vision decision occasion
question suggestion
listen christen
whistle jostle castle
pressure
pleasure measure
picture culture
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八、元字组在复合词非重读音节中的读音
复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符号，但其中的元音字母或元音字组仍按重
读音节拼读规则拼读。
例如：
everyday[e]
handbag[?]
blackboard[:]
有些词随着语言的发展，前后两部分已失去其单独存在时的意义，融 合成为
一个词。其中的非重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音。
例如：
sun 太阳 + day[e] 日子 → Sunday[i] 星期天
holy 神圣 + day[e] 日子 → holiday[i] 假日
break 中断 + fast[:] 斋戒 → breakfast[] 早餐
cup 茶杯 + board[:] 木板 → cupboard[] 碗柜
main 主要部分 + land[?] 陆地 → mainland[] 大陆
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九、辅字组的读音
辅字组
b
c
c在e前或在iy前
ch
读 音
[b]
[]
[k]
[s]
[]
bike bus bag
bomb tomb lamb climb
cake picture coat music
face decide cinema
much chick rich teacher
例 词 编 号
9-01
9-02
9-03
9-04
9-05

[k]
[]
-ck
d
-dge
dr-
f
g
g在e iy前
gh
[k]
[d]
school headache chemistry
machine Chicago
cock pocket black knock
doctor bread hand day
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[d] bridge fridge
[dr]
[f]
children driver drink
five four breakfast
[] bag garden go
[d] orange large German
[f]
[]
[]
cough enough rough
light daughter high
guess league dialogue guitar
gu- -gue
[w] language anguish penguin
[h]
[]
hot head house hand
hour honest honor
h
j-
k
kn-
l
m
-mn
n
n在[k] []音前
-ng
p
ph
q-que
qu-
r-
s在音节开头或清辅音前
在元音字母间或浊辅音前
sc-
sh
t在通常情况下
[d] jeep jar joke join July
[k]
[n]
[l]
[m]
[m]
[n]
[?]
[?]
[p]
[f]
[k]
kind bike skate make week
knife know knock
life milk school tall
monkey come tomato
autumn column solemn
not shine ten note
uncle thank hungry
morning young wrong
paper plane pig ship pen
elephant photo telephone
Iraq cheque
[kw] quality quite quarter
[r]
[s]
[z]
[sk]
[s]
[]
[t]
red rubber ruler
sit sleep desk
music husband
scarlet scout Scotland
scene science scythe
she fish shirt wash
ten letter meet

在弱读字母ia ie io前
-tch
th在通常情况下
在冠词 代词 介词 连词中
在词尾-the -ther中
tr-
v
w
wh-
wh-在字母o前
x
在重读元音前
wr-
y-
z
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[tr]
[v]
[w]
[]
[w]
[h]
[ks]
patient nation
watch catch match
thin thirty method
the these with than
clothe father weather
tree train country truck
very voice love leave
week win wake sweet wait
answer two
what when white why
who whose whole
box text exercise
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[z] example exist exact
[r]
[j]
[z]
write wrong wrist
yes yard yellow young
puzzle zero zoo
-ds[dz]
-ts[ts]
ps-[s]
十、英语语音名词解释
1〃音节 以元音为主体构成的发音单位，一般说来元音发音响亮，可以构成音 节，
辅音发音不响亮，不能单独构成音节（[m] [n] [] [l]例外）。从单词拼写形式上看，
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有几个元字组就有几个音节。
2〃音节的划分 ①在重读音节和非重读音节的相邻处有两个辅字组时，一个辅字
组属于前面的 音节，一个属于后面的音节。
例如：let-ter mem-ber chil-dren daugh-ter
②在重读和非重读音节的相邻处只有一个辅字组时，如果前面重读音节里的元音< br>是长音则辅字组属于后面一个音节，如果重读音节里的元音是短音，则辅字组属
于重读音节。
例如：长音 pa-per stu-dent fa-ther ze-ro mo-tor far-ther
短音 sev-en stud-y moth-er ver-y mod-le weath-er
3〃重读音节 单词中读音特别响亮的音节。用音标标记双音节、多 音节词的读音
时，应使用重读符号。单音节词多数是重读音节，标记读音时不需要使用重读符
号 。
4〃开音节 ①绝对开音节：单个元音字母后面没有辅字组的重读音节。例如：no blue
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ba-by stu- dent se-cret
②相对开音节：单个元音字母后面加单个辅音字母，再加一个不发音字母e 构成
的重读音节。例如：name these bike home excuse
五个元音字母在开音节中发长音 [e] [i:] [a] [u] [ju:]
5〃闭音节 单个元音字母后面有辅字组（r w y 除外）且以辅字组结尾的重读音节。
例如：bag egg fish not cup 五个元音字母在闭音节中发短音 [] [e] [] [] []
6〃双音节词重读规则 双音节词的第一个音节通常是重读音节。
例如：stu-dent Chi-na sec-ond au-tumn
含有a- be- de- re- in- ex- 等前缀的双音节词往往是在第 二个音节上重读。双音节
词的重读位置不会因增加前缀或后缀而发生改变。例如：
about before excuse repair forget-ful inven-tor
7〃多音节词重读规则 多音节词通常在倒数第三个音节重读。
例如：el-e-phant con-grat-ula-tion
词尾有-ic 或-tion,-sion 的词，在-ic或-sion,-tion前的一个音节上重读。例如：scien
tific impression nation
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