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英语发音及拼写

作者:高考题库网
来源:https://www.bjmy2z.cn/gaokao
2020-10-21 17:48
tags:拼写的英文

布鞋妹妹-muller

2020年10月21日发(作者:陶珙)


英语语音语调
音素是音的最小单位,英语共有48个音素,其中元音音素20个,
辅音音素28个。
元音(vowels):发音时气流从肺部泄出,不受任何阻碍,在鼻腔和
口腔中畅通无阻不带任何摩 擦,这样发出的音叫元音。
辅音(consonants):气流通过口腔或鼻腔时受到某种阻碍发出 的音
叫辅音;辅音有清辅音和浊辅音之分。

英语元音有20个
单元音有12个, 按发音时舌头前、中、后哪一部分抬得最高可分
为:
前元音 i: see i big e egg ? bag
中元音 ? about ?: word Λ bus
后元音 a: ask ? want ?: short u good
u: fruit
双元音有8个
ai time ei name au house ?u home
?i boy i? deer ε? air u? our

英语中有28个辅音.
1. 爆破音: 发音时气流在口腔某处受到阻碍,然后气流冲出阻碍,
爆破生音. p b t d k g


注意: a. p和b, t和d, k和g 互为清辅音和浊辅音.
b. 在s后面, p t k发音时不送气. Eg: sport, star, sky
2. 摩擦音: 发音时气流在口腔中部分受阻, 持续通过口腔形成缝
隙的部位,摩擦生音. f v θ ? s z ∫ h
r
注意: f 和v, θ和 ?, s和z, ∫和互为清辅音和浊辅
音.
3. 破擦音: t∫ d tr dr ts dz
4. 鼻腔音: 发音时口腔通道完全阻塞, 气流从鼻腔出来. m n
?

5. 半元音: j w
6. 舌边音: 发音时舌尖抵上齿龈, 气流从舌一侧或两侧逸出. l

元音:前元音 [i:] [i] [e] [?]
辅音:爆破音 [p] [b] [t] [d] [k] [g]
朗读下列音标:
pig [pig] pen [pen] bee [bi:] bad [b?d] tell [tel]
tea [ti:] did [did] deep [di:p] week [wi:k] keep[ki:p]
bag [b?g] give [giv] get[get]

元音:中元音 [?] [?:] [Λ]
辅音:摩擦音 [f] [s] [θ] [∫] [h] [v] [z] [?] [] [r]
朗读下列音标:


better [bet?] shirt [∫?:t] cup[kΛp]


five [faiv] sleep [sli:p] thin [θin] thirty[θ?:ti]
ship [∫ip] shift[∫ift] have[h?v] hat[h?t]
very [veri] love [lΛv] zero [zi?r?u] music[mju:zik]
this [?is] the[??] closuer[kl?u?] pleasure[ple?]
run[rΛn] rule[ru:l]

元音:后元音 [a:] [?] [?:] [u] [u:]
发音时,其唇型是由近乎全合到近乎全开;其舌位依次降低。
辅音:破擦音 [t∫] [ ] [tr] [dr] [ts] [dz]
朗读下列音标:
fast [fa:st] hard [ha:d] lock[l?k] shot[∫?t]
short[∫?:t] more[m?:] foot [fut] book[buk]
school [sku:l] you [ju:]
teacher[ti: t∫?] much[mΛt∫] large[la:] just[Λst]
tree[tri:] country

[kΛntri] dream[dri:m] dry

[drai]
arts [a:ts] sports[sp?:ts] goods[guds] woods[wuds]

元音:双元音[ei] [ai] [?i] [?u] [au]
辅音:鼻辅音 [m] [n] [
?
]
朗读下列音标:
paper[peip?] able[eibl] my[mai] eye[ai]


noise[n?iz] want

[w?nt] home[h?um] nose [n?uz]
flower [flau?] mouse[maus]
move[mu:v] more[m?:] nice[nais] need[ni:d]
sing[si
?
] think[θi
?
k]

元音: 双元音 i? ε? u?
辅音:舌边音 [l]
半元音:[j] [w]
朗读下列音标:
hear [hi?] dear[di?] air[ε?] bear

[bε?]
tour [tu?] sure[∫u?]
live [liv] school[sku:l] yes[jes] year[ji?]
women[wimin] wolf[wulf]

容易混淆的元音
[e] 和 [?]
bed bad; men man; pen pan; lend land
[i:] 和 [ei]
real rail; greet great; mean main; read raid
[e] 和 [ai]
bet bite; red write; said side; head hide
[au]和 [?:]


now nor; house horse loud lord south sauce

容易混淆的辅音
[v]和[w]
vet wet; vest west; vine wine; very well
[s]和[θ]
sink think sort thought miss myth mass math
[z]和[?]
bays bathe breeze breathe closing clothing;
[n]和[
?
]
thin thing sin sing win wing ran rang

音节:元音与辅音结合起来构成比音素更大的语音单位,这就是音
节。 Eg: easei:z easy‘i:zi uneasyΛn’i:zi。有些较响亮的辅
音l m n
?
等,在后面没有元音的情况下,也能和前面的辅音
构成一个音节,如bottl e‘b?tl等。音节是节奏的基本单位。
? 开音节:
a) 以辅音 + 元音 + 不发音的e结尾。例如:name, bike, nose。
b) 以辅音 +发音的元音字母(a. e. i. o. u)结尾。例如:he, go,
hi。
? 闭音节:以辅音字母(a. e. i. o. u之外的)结尾。例如:bad, bed,
sit, hot, cup.



? 重读音节:在双音 节和多音节词中,一般有一个音节读得重些、
清楚些,这个音节叫做重读音节,其他读得较清而弱的音节 叫
做非重读音节。重读音节在音标中用符号[’]标明,标在音节的
左上方。例如:[’?pl ], [’bet?],[ju:ni’v?:siti]。

? 句子重音:句子是由单词 组成的。一般来说,句子中的实词(如:
名词、动词、形容词、副词、数词等)都需要重读;有时根据< br>句子要表达的意思,需要特别强调的部分往往也需要重读。也
就是说,句子重音可能是句子的每个 部分。
例如:I can’t finish this job.

? 在连贯地说话或朗读时,在同一个意群(即短语或从句)中,
如果相邻的两个词前者以辅音 音素结尾,后者以元音音素开头,
就要自然地将辅音和元音相拼,构成一个音节,这就是连读。
如:
? I’m~an~English boy.
? Let me have~a look~at~it.
? They’re my father~and mother.
? Nice to meet~you.
? Would~you like~a cup~of tea?
? Could~you help me, please?



? 英语中的爆破音:
p b t d k g
? 失去爆破:
有时发爆破音时, 气流不必冲破阻碍,只是稍做停顿.
Eg: baske(t)ball, goo(d) boy
a. 爆破音+爆破音
Eg: He has a bad cold today.
You should take care of the children.
b. 爆破音+t∫或?
Eg: Have you read the book about that child?
The third chair is broken.
c. 爆破音+m,n,l,s
Eg: Good morning, sir.
Good night.
They are very friendly to us.

? 英语中常常会把某些音省略。其中一个最重要的省 略现象就是
失去爆破。失去爆破总结起来相当复杂,但在实际运用中要简
单得多。简单说失去爆 破就是当一个爆破辅音后面直接跟着另
外一个辅音时,这个爆破辅音就会失去爆破或不完全爆破,以节省气力。 也就是说,如果一个爆破辅音后面跟了一个元音,


那么这个 辅音就会跟这个元音拼读,但如果后面跟了个辅音,
则失去爆破。阅读下列单词,比较失去爆破和不失去 爆破的区
别:blackboard, post-card, September, doctor, stop talking, hard
times, waste time, that policeman, good boy, good job
? 爆破音(p, b, t, d, k, g) 后面直接跟另外一个爆破音,
破擦音t∫, dз??,或鼻辅音m, n时爆破音则会失去爆破,
即做出要爆破的动作,形成闭塞但不爆破出来。例如:act two,
good picture, a short night。
? 如果爆破音(p, b, t, d, k, g) 后面直接跟的是摩擦音f,
v, s, z, W, T, F, V时这个爆破音会有很轻微的爆破,即
不完全爆破。例如:breakfast, advice, exciting, help this man, lift
the veil。
? 在一些常见单词中,在非重读章节上的一些音常常会被省略。
例如:history, interesting, handkerchief, castle。
? 在标准的美国英语中,h前如果有别的辅音,h也常常被省略。
例如:yoghurt, tell her, like him。

话语节奏:重读音节和非重读音节交替出现的现象。英语 的节奏
规律是以重音定时的,即重读音节彼此距离相等。
Eg: bread and milk (O o O) 和 some bread and some milk (o O o
o O),两者的重读音节数相同,因此朗读两者的时间大致相等。

< p>
语调(intonation),即说话的腔调,就是一句话里通过声调高低抑
扬轻重的配 制和变化,表达出说话人的态度或口气。英语有五种
基本语调:升调(↗)、降调(↘)、升降调(∧) 、降升调(∨)
以及平调(→)。
? 例如:A:Jean,can you bring me the newspaper?
B:Sorry?
? 用升调说“Sorry”,其意思是“I didn't hear you.Could you say that
again?”
? 用降调说“Sorry”,显然其意思是拒绝帮助或无能为力。



英语拼写发音规律

字母
a
在闭音节中
在开音节中
e
在闭音节中
在开音节中
i
在闭音节中
在开音节中
o
在闭音节中
在开音节中
u
在闭音节中


字母
a


e


i
[ai]

情况
在开音节中
发音
[ei]
[?]
[i:]
[e]
[ai]
[i]
[?u]
[?]
[ju:]
[]
例词
name plane Jane baby cake
bag dad hat map black back
he these me Chinese
bed let pen desk yes egg
bike fly drive time nice kite
fish big drink sit milk swim
those close go hoe home no
clock not box shop sock
student excuse duty Tuesday
up bus cup jump much lunch
情况

发音
[?]
[i]
[?]
[i]
[?][i]
例词
China another woman breakfast
orange comrade village cabbage
hundred student open moment
chicken pocket begin children
holiday beautiful family animal
exercise satellite



o


u




a在[w]音后面
a在f n sk ph sp ss st
[?]
[?u]
[?]
[ju(:)]
second tonight somebody welcome
also zero photo
autumn difficult
popular
读 音
[?]
[a:]
例 词
want what watch wash quality
after plant graph ask grasp glass fast
father th前
i在-nd -ld和gh前
o在-st -ld前
o在m n v th前
ar
ar在[w]音后面
or
or在[w]音后面
er ir ur
are
ere
ire
ore
[ai]
[ou]
[]
[a:]
[?:]
[?:]
[?:]
[?:]
[ε?]
[i?]
[ai?]
[?:]

find child light high
most postcard old cold
come monkey love mother
car farm dark sharpener
warm quarter towards
forty morning short
word worker worse
her
care dare hare
here mere
fire hire wire
more score before


ure
aiay
air
al
[ju?]
[ei]
[ε?]
[?:]
[?:l]

afraid rain wait day play
air hair chair pair repair
small ball talk wall all
always also salt almost
half calm
autumn daughter draw
teach easy cheap please
heavy bread sweater weather
break great
hear dear near clear year
bear pear wear swear
earth learn early
jeep week green three
pioneer deer beer
eight neighbour they
new few newspaper
flew brew jewelry
piece field receive seize
coat Joan boat goal
roar board door floor
noise point boy toilet

al在f m前
auaw
[a:]
[?:]
[i:]
ea [e]
[ei]
[i?]
ear
[ε?]
[?:]
ee
eer
eiey
euew
euew在 j l r 后
ie[s]音后拼写为ei
oa
oaroor
oioy
[i:]
[i?]
[ei]
[ju:]
[u:]
[i:]
[ou]
[?:]
[?i]


[u:]
oo
[u]
[au]
ow
[?u]
[]
ou
[u:]
[?:]
our [au?]
[?:]
ui
ui 在j l r s后
b
[]
c
c在e前或在iy前
[k]
[s]
[]
ch [k]
[]
-ck
d
-dge
dr-
[k]
[d]
[]
[dr]

broom food tooth school
book look cook foot good
flower house count down
know row throw though
young country enough
group you soup through
course your four
our hour ours
journey
fluid suicide tuition
juice fruit suit
bike bus bag
bomb tomb lamb climb
cake picture coat music
face decide cinema
much chick rich teacher
school headache chemistry
machine Chicago
cock pocket black knock
doctor bread hand day
bridge fridge
children driver drink
[ju:i]
[u:]
[b]


f
g
g在e iy前
-gh
gh-
gu- -gue
[f]
[g]
[]
[f]
[g]
[g]
[gw]
[h]
five four breakfast
bag gardon go
orange large German
cough enough rough
sorghum spaghetti ghost
guess league dialogue guitar
language anguish penguin
hot head house hand
hour honest honor
jeep jar joke join July
kind bike skate make week
knife know knock
life milk school tall
monkey come tomato
autumn column solemn
not shine ten note
uncle thank hungry
morning young wrong
paper plane pig ship pen
elephant photo telephone
Iraq cheque
quality quite quarter

h
[]
j
k
kn-
l
m
-mn
n
n在[k] [g]音前
-ng
p
ph
-q-que
qu-
[]
[k]
[n]
[l]
[m]
[m]
[n]
[?]
[?]
[p]
[f]
[k]
[kw]


r
s在音节开头或清辅
[r]
[s]
red rubber ruler
sit sleep desk
音前
s在元音字母间或浊
[z]
辅音前
[sk]
sc-
[s]
sh
t在通常情况下
t在弱读字母ia ie io
[]

tch
th在通常情况下
在冠词 代词 介词
[?]
连词中
在词尾-the -ther中
tr-
v
w
[]
wh-
wh-在字母o前
[w]
[h]

music husband
scarlet scout Scotland
muscle science
she fish shirt wash
ten letter meet
patient nation
watch catch match
thin thirty method
the these with than
clothe father weather
tree train country truck
very voice love leave
week win wake sweet wait
answer two
what when white why
who whose whole
[]
[t]
[]
[θ]
[?]
[tr]
[v]
[w]


x
x在重读元音前
wr-
y-
z



[ks]
[gz]
[r]
[j]
[z]
box text exercise
example exist exact
write wrong wrist
yes yard yellow young

月份单词-骊靬古城


源头英文-crystalline


浓郁的拼音-rockandroll


perseverance-倘成语


批斗什么意思-郑州出国留学


椿象-浮油


rice什么意思-在早上


人工怎么读-四年级的作文



本文更新与2020-10-21 17:48,由作者提供,不代表本网站立场,转载请注明出处:https://www.bjmy2z.cn/gaokao/416539.html

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