完成时态-激光粒度测定仪
定语从句一、概述
定语可以由形容词、名词、代词、数词、分词、副词、不定式以及介
词短语
等来担任,也可以由一个句子来担任。在句子中起定语作用
的从句称为定语
从句。定语从句在句中的作用相当于形容词,故又
称为形容词性从句。被定
语从句修饰的名词叫先行词,引导定语从
句的词叫关系词。
二 关系词的用法。
关系词可分为关系代词和关系副词。关系词指代先行词,放在先行词
与
定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又充当定语从句中的某一种成分
(主语、宾 语、状语等)。
引导定语从句的关系代词有at,who,
whom,whose,which;关系副词有
when,where,why等。关系词在
句子中的指代作用及成分如下表 功能
用于限制性从句或非限制性
从句 只用于限制性从句
代替物
which
which
代替人或物
that
that
作用 代替人
主语
who
宾语
whom
定语
whose (of whom) whose (of
which)
1.关系代词的用法
who, whom的用法
(1)
二者都用于指人。who在定语从句中作主语、
宾语;whom在定语从句中
作宾语。在现代英语里,有时who也可代
替whom在从句中作宾语。作
宾语的关系代词who,whom可以省
略(介词后作宾语的关系代词除外)。 She was
the one who did most of
the
talking。大部分时间都是她在说话。(作主语) The boy who I know
studies
best in his
class.我认识的那个男孩在班上学习最好。(作宾语)
I happened to
meet the professor (whowhom) I got to know at
a party.
我碰巧遇见了那位在一次聚会上认识的教授。(作宾语,
whom可用who 代替)
whom在从句中作介词的宾语,且介词提到whom前面时,不能用
who 代替。
Yesterday I came across a few friends with whom I
went to
the park.昨天
我碰见了几个朋友,我和他们一起去了公园。(句中的
whom不能用who 代替)
whose的用法
(2)
whose可以指人也可以指物,在定语从句中作定语。
Is she a teacher whose hair is very
short?她是位头发很短的老师吗?
He is the man whose car was
stolen last night. 他就是昨晚被盗车辆的
车主。I like the
room whose window looks out to the
sea.我喜欢那间窗
户面向大海的房间。
which的用法
(3)
which —般指物,在定语从句中作主语、宾语。作
宾语的关系代词which
可以省略(放在介词后时除外)。The train
which has just left
is for Shenzhen.刚开走的火车是驶往深圳的。(作主
语)The story
(which) he told was very popular.他讲的那个故事很有名。
(作宾语)
that的用法
(1)
that可以指人或物,在从句中可作主语、宾语或表语。
作宾语或表语时可
省略。作介词宾语时,介词不可以提到that之前,
若介词提前,指物用 which,指人用
whom。
1
E-mail English is a new
kind of written English thatwhich is being
used to save time.电子邮件英
语是一种可以节约时间的新型书面英语。(作主
语指物)
Jack is no longer the person (hawhowhom)
I met five years ago.
杰克不再是五年前我见到的杰克了。(作宾语,指人)
There's the
book (thatwhich) you are looking for.
这正是你在找的书。
(作宾语,指物)
关系副词的用法2.
关系副词在定语从句中充当状语,一般不可省略。
(1)
法的用when,
nightmorning,在从句中作时间状语,它的先行词通常为time,
day,
when指时间, 时间的名词。等表Mweek ,year Do you
我永远不会忘
记我获奖的那天。'll never forget the day when I
won the still
remember 你记得她出国的那一年吗?remember
the year when she
went abroad?
我仍然记得坐飞机旅行的那个时候。the time when I
travelled by
plane.
(2)
的用法where
句从定语第十九章
,t
ownbuilding,
village,room,指地点,在从句中作地点状语。它的先行词通常
有
country 等表地点的名词。Keep This is the mountain
village where I
stayed last
year.这就是我去年待过的山村。The the books in a place
where you can find them easily.把书放在你容易找到的地方。
building
where we are working was built five
years ago.我们的办公大楼是五年
前修的。
(3)
why的用法
。
reason指原因或理由,在定语从句中作原因
状
语,它的先行词通常为why Tell me the reason why she was
late.请
告诉我她迟到的原因。我不想听任何你缺席的理由。't want to listen
to
any reason why you were absent.I don
定语从句的注意事项。三1. 用
that不用which的情况
that和which都可指物,在定语从句中又都
可作主语或宾语。通常情况
下,二者可互换使用,但有时that和which
却不宜互换。
(1)
当先行词是不定代词 all,little,few,much,something,anything,<
br>everything, nothing,none,some 等时 He did
everything that he could to
help us.
他做了一切能做的事来帮助我们。In this factory I found little
that was different from
ours.在这家工厂,我们发现很少和我们工厂不
同的地方。
(2).
先行词被alll,every,no,some,any,little,much,the
only,
the very,the right,the last, just
等词修饰时All the things that we can do
are to give
you some advice.我们能做的就是给你提供一些建议!This is
the
very book that I want.这正是我想要的那本书。
Music is
the only thing that interests me.音乐是唯一令我感兴趣的东西。
(3) 先行词前有席数词或形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身就是席数
词或形容词最高级时
The first thing that we should do now is to find a
local guide.我们现在要做的第一件事就是找一个当地的向导。 When
people talk about Hangzhou, the first that
comes into mind is the West
Lake.人们谈及杭州时,首先跃入脑海的就是西湖。 (4)当先行词既有
人又有物时:He was watching the children
and parcels that filled
with the
car.他望着满车的孩子和包裹。 She described in her
composition the people and places that
interested her most她在作文中描
述了最让她感兴趣的一些人和地方。
(5)当主句是以或which开头的特殊疑问句时 Who is the person that
is
standing at the gate?站在门 口 的那个人是谁? Which
of us that
knows something about physics
cannot join electric wires?我们中间懂物
理的有谁不会接电线?
2. 用which不用that的情况 关系代词前有介词且指事物时 The
house
in which I used to live has become a
(1)
clothes shop. 我过去住
的房子现在变成了一家服装店。The
pen with which you are writing is
Jeff's.
你正用来写字的那支笔是杰夫的。 先行词本身就是that时
What's that which
flashed in the sky just now? 刚才天空中
(2)
一闪而过
的是什么东西?
I don't like that
which he did.我不喜欢他做的那件事。 3. 用who不用
that的情况
2
,先行词如果是指人的不定代词或指示代词,如one(1)先行词是指人
的不定代词时:
。thatnobody,anybody,none,
those等不宜用anyone,
everyone,no one, all,
toeveryonewho entered ourwinners andthanksthe
Congratulations to
competition向我们的获胜者祝贺,也感谢参与比赛
的每个人。Those who
have good manners will be
respected.有良好礼节
的人会受到人们的尊重。
(2)当先行词指人并含有较长的后置定语或
在被分割的定语从句中时 The professor is comingsoon who
will give
us a talk on how to learn
English.给我们作关于如何学英语讲座的教授
快要来了。The boy was
crying hard who lost his way while
第十九章定语从句
looking for his
mother.找妈妈时迷了路的那个小男孩
正哭得厉害。 3. 定语从句中的主谓一致
一般来讲,定语从句中的动
词在人称和数方面应该与它的先行词保持一致.定语从句前是“one
of+可数名词复数”,从句的谓语动词用复数形式; 是“the only one
of+
可数名词复数”, 定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。 I am not one who
is afraid of difficulty.我是个不怕困难的人。 Anyone who
has questions
to ask,please come to my office
this afternoon. 有问题要问的人,请今
天下午到我办公室来。 That is
one of the most expensive dictionaries
that
have come out in recent
years.那本词典是近几年来所出版的最贵
的词典之一。 He is the only one
of those workers who o able to do this
job.他是那些工人中唯一能做此项工作的人。 4.
定语从句中的时态:
定语从句中的时态一般不受主句影响,主要根据具体的语境和意义而
定。
The professor who visited our school yesterday is
from Canada. 昨
天参观我们学校的教授来自加拿大。The professor
who is visiting our
school now is from Canada.
现在正在参观我们学校的教授来自加拿
大。The professor who will
visit our school tomorrow is from Canada.
明
天要来参观我们学校的教授来自加拿大。
5. 先行词是way的定语从句
当先行词是表示“方式,方法”意义
的way时,定语从句用that或in which
引导,that和in which可以省
略。I don't
like the way (thatin which) he speaks to his
mother.我不喜欢
他跟他母亲讲话的方式。
3
第十九章定语从句
4
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