定语从句讲解及练习

定语从句
一、概念:在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子叫定语从句. 被修饰的名词或代词叫
先行词
Mary is a beautiful girl.
形容词作定语
Mary is a girl
who has long hair. 句子作定语,修饰girl, 叫做定语从句
Mary is a girl.
合并为一个句子

Mary has long hair. Mary is a girl who has long hair.
Mary is a girl （who has long hair.）

先行词 关系词 定语从句


关系代词 关系副词

which, who, whom, whose, that Where, when,why
二、定语从句的用法:
1. 当先行词是物时, 用which 或that引导.（which,that 在定语从句中做主语或
宾语，作宾语时可省略）
These are the trees which were planted last year.
2. 当先行词是人时, 用who, whom,whose, that引导.
who, whom, whose, that用法区别.
（1）who 作定语从句的主语或宾语.
The man who is speaking at the meeting is a worker.
The man is a worker.
分解
The man is speaking at the meeting.
作主语
（2）Whom 作定语从句的宾语
The woman whom they wanted to visit is a teacher.
The woman is a teacher.
分解
They wanted to visit the woman.
作宾语
（3）whose 作定语从句的定语.
I know the girl whose mother is a teacher.
I know the girl.
分解
The girl’s mother is a teacher.
作定语
（4）that 可以作定语从句的主语和宾语.
注意
:
关系代词作动词宾语时可省略
.

例：The woman (whom that) they wanted to visit is a teacher.
三、下列情况只能用that
1.序数词或最高级adj修饰先行词时
Tom is the cleverest boy that I have ever known.
2. all, everything, nobody 等不定代词作先行词时
Everything that we saw in this film was true.
四、小结：
1. that－ 既可指人，也可指物，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略。
2. which－指物，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略.
3. who－ 指人，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略,（常用whom）
4.当先行词同时指人和物时，关系代词只能用that.
注:当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,定语从句的谓语动词形式由先行词定。
练习
1. I have a friend ________ likes listening to classical music.
2. Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress __________ I gave her.
3. The man ______ leg broke in a match used to be a football player.
4. My parents live in a house__________is more than 100 years old.
5. The boy with _______ John spoke is my brother.
6. Kevin is reading a book __________ is too difficult for him.
7. Is there anything ________ you want to buy in the town.
______ we can do is to study hard.
9. The first one _____ stands up is a little boy.
boy ____________ is playing ping-pong is my classmate.
e-mail ___________ I received yesterday was from my sister.
12.I hate people ______________ talk much but do little.
car _____________ my father bought last month is very beautiful.
14.. The man ______ hair is white is his grandfather.
15.. Is there a student _________ father is a business man?
16.. This is the house in ________ we have lived for 10 years.
17..I’ve never heard of the people and things ________ you talked about just now.
18. My father and his teacher talked a lot about the persons and things ______ they
couldn’t remember.
all ________ you know.
there anything ______ I can do for you?
is the first play ________ I have seen since I came here.
22. This is the best novel _______ I have read.
翻译
1.这就是救了那个孩子命的医生.

2.正在跑步的那个人是我的叔叔.

3. 我喜欢可以随之而唱的音乐.

4. 住在隔壁的那个女的是一名教师.