柳林风声读后感-元宵的英文
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定语从句
请看下面的句子:
I want to know the boy
who is the tallest.
句子做定语修饰boy
(一)概念:
定语从句:在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子, 叫定语从句。
先行词:被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
关系词:引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
(二)定语从句的分类
Ⅰ、限定性定语从句:从句不可少,没有它,先行词的意思不明确,主
句也不完整。与先行
词之间不用逗号。
e.g:This is the book
thatwhich I want.
Ⅱ、非限定性定语从句:是对先行词的补充说明,没有它不会影响先行词或主句意思的完整
性。
从句一般用逗号同主句分开。
e.g:Mr. Green, who is watching
TV,is my uncle.
(三)(限定性)定语从句的结构
Mary is a girl who has long hair.
先行词
关系词 定语从句
关系代词
关系副词
which, who, whom,
whose, that where, when, why
(四)定语从句的实质:二句合一
(合并条件:人物先行在句一,又占句二一席地)
Mary is a girl.
合并为一个句子
She has long hair.
思路:留(保留先行词)-----舍(舍去与先行词互指的词)----替(用关系词代替舍去部分)
Mary is a girl whothat has long hair.
请把下列句子二句合一
1. I saw the closed the
door
girl is happy. She won the race
man called the police . His wallet was
stolen
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(五) 定语从句关系词的确定:
? a.先行词的分类
?
b.先行词在从句中充当的成分
1.先行词做主语
人:whothat
物:whichthat
2.先行词做宾语
人:whowhomthat
物:whichthat
3.先行词做定语
人:whose
物:whoseof which
4.先行词做状语:when, where, why
? who, whom, whose, that用法区别.
? who
that作定语从句的主语或宾语.
The man whothat is
speaking at the meeting is a worker.
做题思路:先分解——分析——再合并
分解 The
man is a worker.
The man is
speaking at the meeting.
作主语
? Whom that作定语从句的宾语
The
woman( whomthat) they wanted to visit is a
teacher.
分解 The woman
is a teacher.
They
wanted to visit the woman.
作宾语
注意: 关系代词作动词宾语时可省略.
? whose
作定语从句的定语.
I know the girl whose mother
is a teacher.
分解 I
know the girl.
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The girl’s mother is a
teacher.
作定语
小结:
关系词判断步骤
?
首先,要辨别出先行词。如果先行词是指人,关系词可能就用who, that whom,
whose。
如果先行词指物,关系词可能用which或that
?
然后,要确定关系词在从句中的成分。请看下表
先行词
人
物
主语
who, that
which,
that
宾语
who(m), that
which, that
定语
whose
whose,
of which
巩固练习:用适当代关系词填空
1. I have a
friend ________ likes listening to classical
music.
2. Yesterday Emily was wearing the new
dress __________ I gave her.
3. The man ______
leg broke in a match used to be a football player.
(六)只能用that,不能用which的情况:
(1)先行词为all,
everything,anything,nothing, something, nothing
,few, little, much, the one
等不定代词时;
(2)先行词被形容词最高级所修饰或被the only, the very, the last,
any, few, little , no, all, one
of 等修饰时:
(3)先行词为数词或被序数词(含 last)修饰时。
(4)先行词是并列词组既有人又有物时。
(5)在以who,
which开头的句子中为了避免重复。
口诀:不定代词这一伙,全用that准没错
先行词前有修饰,千万不能用which.
请在以下例句中体会以上规则:
1.
Here is something that I will tell you.
haven’t got much that we can offer you.
3. Is
it the one that you want ?
is the most
interesting story that I have ever heard.
5. I
can remember well the persons and some pictures
that I see.
is the bike that you lost?
is the woman that was praised at the meeting?
(七)只能使用which 的情况
? 1.关系代词前有介词时;
?
2.先行词本身是 that 时;
? 3.非限定定语从句
?
口诀:要有which别着急,
? 介词提前逗隔离。
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? e.g: is the classroom in which we studied
for two year.
? has two dolls,which are
from her parents
单项选择:
? 1. This
is the bag _____ my mother bought yesterday.
?
A. that B. who C. whom D. this
? 2. The girl _____ you saw in the street is
Mary.
? A. that B. whose C. which
D. as
? 3. Is this the factory _____ a lot of
students visited yesterday?
? A. the one
B. which C. who D. whom
? ※ this factory
a lot of students visited ?
A. the one
B. which C. who D. who
? 5. The only
language _____ is easy to learn is the mother
tongue.
? A. which B. that C. D. it
? 6. The girl handed everything _____ she had
picked up in the street to the police.
? A.
which B. in which C. that D. all
? ※7. _____ cleans the blackboard should be
praised.
? A. That B. Who C. The one
who D. The students who
? 注意:
?
①当关系词作定语从句的主语时,从句谓语动词的形式应与先行词的人称和数保持一
致。
②若句中无先行词,先补出先行词再判断用法。(4,7题)
完成下列句子:
1.这就是救了那个孩子命的医生.
who saved the boy’ s life
This is the doctor
2.正在跑步的那个人是我的叔叔.
who is running
The man
is my uncle.
3.我看见一位钱包丢失了的妇女。
I saw a
woman
whose bag
was stolen whose bag was lost.
4.
住在隔壁的那个小伙的是教师.
The young man
is a teacher.
who
lives next door
注意:定语从句的时态不受主句影响。
【定语从句中考真题演练】
1、There are lots of things
______ I need to prepare before the trip. (河北省卷)
A. who B. that C. whom
D. whose
2、Jim dislikes people _______talk
much but never do anything. (吉林省通化市)
3、—I hear Sam has gone to Qiandiao for his
holiday. (江苏省南京市)
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--Oh,how nice!Do you know when he_______?
leaving left left
4、We are trying to help those children
____lost their parents in Yushu , Qinghai
Province. (浙江
省衢州市)
A. which B. when
C. who D. whose
5、Do you know the girl
_______is singing in the classroom? (湖南长沙)
6、—The volunteers are doing a great job in
Yushu. (江苏省扬州市)
-- are helping the people
______are suffering from the earthquake.
C.
7、Have you found the answer to the
question ______I asked you this morning? (四川省成都市)
8、Friends are those____ make you
smile,always open their hearts to you and
encourage you to
succeed. (河南省)
A
which B what C whom
D who
9、I began to work in Shanghai in the
year _____ HongKong was returned to China.
(湖北省十
堰市)
10、This is the
school _______ I studied three years ago.
(山东省菏泽市)
A. where B. when C. that
D. which
11、—What do you usually do in your
leisure time? (黑龙江省哈尔滨市)
—I enjoy reading in
the library ____________ I lose myself in a world
of good books.
A. which B.
that C. where
12、—The village
_________I visited last year has changed a lot.
(福建省福州市)
--Really?I hope to go there on day.
13、This is my beautiful school
_______ is near the famous library. (广西省桂林市)
A. where B. which C. who D. when
14、The old woman ______ is wearing a pair of
glasses ______ Mrs. Black. (黑龙江省鸡西
市)
A. which, are B. who, are C.
who, is
15、Do you like music _______ makes you
relaxed? (广西省定西市)
A. it B. what
C. who D. that
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