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中考英语定语从句讲解

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2020-10-21 19:53
tags:定语从句讲解

柳林风声读后感-元宵的英文

2020年10月21日发(作者:狄冲)


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定语从句
请看下面的句子:
I want to know the boy who is the tallest.

句子做定语修饰boy
(一)概念:
定语从句:在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子, 叫定语从句。
先行词:被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
关系词:引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
(二)定语从句的分类
Ⅰ、限定性定语从句:从句不可少,没有它,先行词的意思不明确,主 句也不完整。与先行
词之间不用逗号。
e.g:This is the book thatwhich I want.
Ⅱ、非限定性定语从句:是对先行词的补充说明,没有它不会影响先行词或主句意思的完整
性。 从句一般用逗号同主句分开。
e.g:Mr. Green, who is watching TV,is my uncle.

(三)(限定性)定语从句的结构

Mary is a girl who has long hair.

先行词 关系词 定语从句


关系代词 关系副词


which, who, whom,
whose, that where, when, why

(四)定语从句的实质:二句合一
(合并条件:人物先行在句一,又占句二一席地)
Mary is a girl.
合并为一个句子
She has long hair.
思路:留(保留先行词)-----舍(舍去与先行词互指的词)----替(用关系词代替舍去部分)
Mary is a girl whothat has long hair.
请把下列句子二句合一
1. I saw the closed the door

girl is happy. She won the race

man called the police . His wallet was stolen

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(五) 定语从句关系词的确定:
? a.先行词的分类
? b.先行词在从句中充当的成分

1.先行词做主语 人:whothat
物:whichthat

2.先行词做宾语 人:whowhomthat
物:whichthat

3.先行词做定语 人:whose
物:whoseof which
4.先行词做状语:when, where, why

? who, whom, whose, that用法区别.

? who that作定语从句的主语或宾语.

The man whothat is speaking at the meeting is a worker.
做题思路:先分解——分析——再合并

分解 The man is a worker.
The man is speaking at the meeting.

作主语

? Whom that作定语从句的宾语

The woman( whomthat) they wanted to visit is a teacher.

分解 The woman is a teacher.

They wanted to visit the woman.

作宾语
注意: 关系代词作动词宾语时可省略.

? whose 作定语从句的定语.

I know the girl whose mother is a teacher.

分解 I know the girl.

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The girl’s mother is a teacher.

作定语
小结:
关系词判断步骤
? 首先,要辨别出先行词。如果先行词是指人,关系词可能就用who, that whom, whose。
如果先行词指物,关系词可能用which或that
? 然后,要确定关系词在从句中的成分。请看下表
先行词


主语
who, that
which,
that
宾语
who(m), that
which, that
定语
whose
whose,
of which

巩固练习:用适当代关系词填空
1. I have a friend ________ likes listening to classical music.
2. Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress __________ I gave her.
3. The man ______ leg broke in a match used to be a football player.

(六)只能用that,不能用which的情况:
(1)先行词为all, everything,anything,nothing, something, nothing ,few, little, much, the one
等不定代词时;
(2)先行词被形容词最高级所修饰或被the only, the very, the last, any, few, little , no, all, one
of 等修饰时:
(3)先行词为数词或被序数词(含 last)修饰时。
(4)先行词是并列词组既有人又有物时。
(5)在以who, which开头的句子中为了避免重复。
口诀:不定代词这一伙,全用that准没错
先行词前有修饰,千万不能用which.

请在以下例句中体会以上规则:
1. Here is something that I will tell you.
haven’t got much that we can offer you.
3. Is it the one that you want ?
is the most interesting story that I have ever heard.
5. I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I see.
is the bike that you lost?
is the woman that was praised at the meeting?

(七)只能使用which 的情况
? 1.关系代词前有介词时;
? 2.先行词本身是 that 时;
? 3.非限定定语从句
? 口诀:要有which别着急,
? 介词提前逗隔离。
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? e.g: is the classroom in which we studied for two year.
? has two dolls,which are from her parents

单项选择:

? 1. This is the bag _____ my mother bought yesterday.
? A. that B. who C. whom D. this
? 2. The girl _____ you saw in the street is Mary.
? A. that B. whose C. which D. as
? 3. Is this the factory _____ a lot of students visited yesterday?
? A. the one B. which C. who D. whom
? ※ this factory a lot of students visited ?
A. the one B. which C. who D. who
? 5. The only language _____ is easy to learn is the mother tongue.
? A. which B. that C. D. it
? 6. The girl handed everything _____ she had picked up in the street to the police.
? A. which B. in which C. that D. all
? ※7. _____ cleans the blackboard should be praised.
? A. That B. Who C. The one who D. The students who
? 注意:
? ①当关系词作定语从句的主语时,从句谓语动词的形式应与先行词的人称和数保持一
致。
②若句中无先行词,先补出先行词再判断用法。(4,7题)

完成下列句子:
1.这就是救了那个孩子命的医生.
who saved the boy’ s life
This is the doctor
2.正在跑步的那个人是我的叔叔.
who is running
The man is my uncle.
3.我看见一位钱包丢失了的妇女。
I saw a woman
whose bag was stolen whose bag was lost.
4. 住在隔壁的那个小伙的是教师.
The young man is a teacher.
who lives next door
注意:定语从句的时态不受主句影响。
【定语从句中考真题演练】
1、There are lots of things ______ I need to prepare before the trip. (河北省卷)
A. who B. that C. whom D. whose
2、Jim dislikes people _______talk much but never do anything. (吉林省通化市)

3、—I hear Sam has gone to Qiandiao for his holiday. (江苏省南京市)
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--Oh,how nice!Do you know when he_______?
leaving left left
4、We are trying to help those children ____lost their parents in Yushu , Qinghai Province. (浙江
省衢州市)
A. which B. when C. who D. whose
5、Do you know the girl _______is singing in the classroom? (湖南长沙)

6、—The volunteers are doing a great job in Yushu. (江苏省扬州市)
-- are helping the people ______are suffering from the earthquake.
C.
7、Have you found the answer to the question ______I asked you this morning? (四川省成都市)

8、Friends are those____ make you smile,always open their hearts to you and encourage you to
succeed. (河南省)
A which B what C whom D who
9、I began to work in Shanghai in the year _____ HongKong was returned to China. (湖北省十
堰市)

10、This is the school _______ I studied three years ago. (山东省菏泽市)
A. where B. when C. that D. which
11、—What do you usually do in your leisure time? (黑龙江省哈尔滨市)
—I enjoy reading in the library ____________ I lose myself in a world of good books.
A. which B. that C. where
12、—The village _________I visited last year has changed a lot. (福建省福州市)
--Really?I hope to go there on day.

13、This is my beautiful school _______ is near the famous library. (广西省桂林市)
A. where B. which C. who D. when
14、The old woman ______ is wearing a pair of glasses ______ Mrs. Black. (黑龙江省鸡西
市)
A. which, are B. who, are C. who, is
15、Do you like music _______ makes you relaxed? (广西省定西市)
A. it B. what C. who D. that
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