定语从句讲解(关系代词的用法)

Unit 1《school life》
Grammar （1）
定语从句(Attributive Clause)
Ⅰ 根据初中所学知识，请用红笔标出下列表格中的定语
前置定语
my book
a seven-day holiday
a good holiday
a toy factory
a developing country
a developed country
a holiday of seven days
something important
a country developing fast
a book written by Lu Xun
a book to be published
a book which was written by J.K. Rowling
后置定语

Ⅱ 定语从句的定义及其作用：
定语从句是又称形容词性从句,在句子中起定语 作用,修饰一个名词或代词,有时也可修饰一
个句子.受定语从句修饰的词叫先行词. 定语从句的作用 和作定语的形容词、介词词组、
分词词组相似，有时可以相互转换，例如：金发女孩可译作a blonde girl ，a girl with
blonde hair或a girl who has blonde hair。定语从句通常由关系代词that which who whom
which as或关系副词when where why引导，这些词既指代主句中要说明的名词或代
词, 又充当从句中的某个句子成分。定语从句可分为：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语
从句。
定 语从句一般都紧跟在它所修饰名词后面，所以如果在名词或代词后面出现一个从句，根
据它与前面名词或 代词的逻辑关系来判断是否是定语从句。

Ⅲ 定语从句的必备三要素
This is a book which was written by J.K. Rowling.
1先行词（名词或代词）
2关系词
relative pron.
(as sub. ,obj. ,pred.)


(that指人或物 which指物 who(m) 指人 whose)

relative adv. (as adverbial)
(when where why)

3关系词在从句中充当成分
找出下列句中的定语从句；分析定语从句三要素
1. You are the right man whom we are looking for.
2. I’ve spent all the money that was given by my parents.
3. I will never forget the day when I joined the party.
4. This is the factory where the machines are made.






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Ⅳ 关系代词的用法：

关系代词 例 句
that在从句
指
1）A plane is a machine that can fly.（作主语）
中作主语或物
2）The noodles (that) I cooked were delicious.（作宾语）
宾语
指
1）Who is the man that is reading the book over there?（作主语）
人
2）The girl (that) we saw yesterday was Jim’s sister.（作宾语）
which在从
指
1）They planted the trees which didn’t need much water.（作主语）
句中作主语物
2）The fish (which) we bought were not fresh.（作宾语）
或宾语
who，
指
1）The foreigner who visited our class yesterday is from Canada.（
主语）

whom在从
人
2）The boy who broke the window is called Tom.（作主语）
句中分别作
3）The person to whom you just talked is Mr. Li.（作宾语）
主语或宾语
4）Mrs. Read is the person to whom you should write.（作宾语）
what is the name of the boy whose father is a railway worker?
whose（所
指人

有格）在定
Please show me the book whose cover is black.
物
语从句中作
定语

Ⅴ 课堂练习
1 找出下列各句中的定语从句，并分析其先行词：
1 The fan that you want is on the desk.
2 The woman you saw in the park is our geography teacher.
3 Here is the girl whose brother works in this shop.
4 That’s the child whose drawing we were looking at just now.
5 This is the boy whose sister is a famous singer.

2 把下列每对句子合并成含有定语从句的主从复合句
1. The man is in the next room. He brought our textbooks here yesterday.


2. The magazine is mine. He has taken it away.


3. The students will not pass the exam. They don’t study hard.


4. The letter is from my sister. I received it yesterday.


5. The play was wonderful. We saw it last night.


train was late. It was going to Nanning.







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Grammar (2)
Ⅰ 修饰物体时关系代词that和 which的区分
◆ 使用that的情况：
1.当先行词是nothing, something, anything, all, each, little, few, none, the one等词时。
e.g. Do you have anything that is important to tell me?

2.当先行词被all, any, some, no, not, every, each等修饰时。
e.g. I have some books that are very good.

3.当先行词被形容词最高级、序数词所修饰时。
e.g. This is the first book that I bought myself.
The biggest bird that I caught is this bird.

4.主句是以which或who开头的特殊疑问句时
e.g. Which is the bike that you lost?
Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting.

5.当先行词在从句和主句中都作表语时,无论先行词是人还是物.
e.g. China is no longer the country that she was.

6.如有两个定语从句,其中一个已用which引导,另一个宜用that .
e.g. Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.

7.在there be句型中,只用that.
e.g. He asked for the latest book (that) there is on the subject.

8.当先行词被the very, the last, the next, the only 等词修饰时。
e.g. This is the very book that I lost yesterday.

9.当先行词又有人又有物时。
e.g. I won’t forget the things and the persons that I saw.


◆ 只能使用which的情况。
1、非限制性定语从句中。
e.g. She lost the game, which depressed her really.

2、在介词之后。
e.g. This is a house in which lives an old man.
She has collected 600 stamps, 60% of which are German stamps.

3、当主句中的主语被that修饰时。
e.g. That dog which I found in the street belongs to Mary.

Fill in the blanks with suitable relative pronouns.
1. This is the only book _ ___ I got last year.
2. Is this the book in _ __ you are interested?
3. This is the largest animal _ _ Tom saw in the zoo.
4. Rose still remembers the trees and teachers_ __ exist (存在)in the mother
school.
5. All the desks _ ___ are bought look really wonderful.
6. Do you have any money _ __is used to build the factory?
7. Tom has a toy, ______was given by his father.
8. This is the second watch __ __ my father bought for me.
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Ⅱ 修饰人时关系代词that 和who, whom的区分。
1．当主句中的主语是who时，只能用that。
e.g. Who is the girl that is standing over there?

2. 在非限制性定语从句中以及介词后面时只能用who 或者whom。
e.g. I have a son, who is really lovely and interesting.
There are 40 students in the class, most of whom are boys.

3. 关系代词whose既能修饰人，也能修饰物，在定语从句中充当定语，修饰先行词。
e.g. She is the girl whose English sounds very beautiful.
Mary has a very good dog, whose hair turns out white and black.

◆ Correct mistakes for the following sentences.
1. Under the big tree are 34 students, many of them come from class two.

2. My mother has a good book, which cover looks terrible.

3. Who are the young girls who are having dinner in the restaurant?

4. She is one of the girls who is very interested in maths.

5. Tom is the only one of the boys who like playing football.

6. Who is the girl that you talked to her just now?

7. This is the very pen that you gave it to me before.

8. There is an old woman, that is holding a stick.

高考真题
1：I saw a women running towards me in the dark. Before I could recognize who she was, she had
run back in the direction ______ she had come.
A. of which B. by which C. in which D. from which
简析：考查介词＋ 关系代词which引导的定语从句。先行词为事物时，关系代词既可用
which，也可用that， 但介词后的关系代词却只能用which。由于词组为come from，故
此句应选from which。

2：He was educated at a local grammar school, ______ he went on to Cambridge.
A. from which B. after that C. after which D. from this
简析：考查介词＋关系代词which引导的定语从句。句意是上完中学 后到剑桥大学深
造，所以应选after which。如果在空格前加上and，那么就要选B。

3：The English play ______ my students acted at the New Year’s party was a great success.
A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which
简析：考查“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句。表达“在英语剧中”，介词用in，故 选择
C. in which。





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Ⅲ 定语从句的省略
1.关系代词做定从中主语，不可省。
There is a girl that(who) has green hair..

2 关系代词做定从中宾语，可省，也可不省。
There is a book (that) you have not read.

3 有that bewhich be引导的定从，可省。
There is a book (that was) borrowed by Mary yesterday.

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