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初中英语定语从句讲解.练习与答案

作者:高考题库网
来源:https://www.bjmy2z.cn/gaokao
2020-10-21 20:02
tags:定语从句讲解

反抗的近义词是什么-凋谢的拼音

2020年10月21日发(作者:郑云从)


定语从句
定语从句
(一)、定义:在复合句中,修饰某一
名词
代词
的从句叫做定语从句。
定语 定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的,是对 名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语(动词不定
式短语、动名词短语和分词短语)或句子,汉语中常 用‘……的’表示。主要由形容词担任,此外,
名词,代词,数词,分词,副词,不定式以及介词短语也 可以来担任,也可以由一个句子来担任。单
词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前,作前置定语。短语和 从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后,
作后置定语。
定语从句是指在一个句子中作定语的句子,定语从句要放在所修饰的词后。
如:1) The man who lives next to us is a policeman.
2) You must do everything that I do.
上面两句中的man和e verything是定语从句所修饰的词,叫先行词,定语从句放在先行词的后面。
引导定语从句的词有关系代词that, which, who(宾格who, 所有格whose)和关系副词where, when、why
关系词常有三个作用:1、引导定语从句 2、代替先行词 3、在定语从句中担当一个成分
(二)、关系代词引导的定语从句
指人,在从句中做主语
(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One.
(2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.
2. whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略。
(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about.
注意:关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替,可省略。
(3) The man whowhom you met just now is my friend.
3. which指物,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略
(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. ( which 在句子中做主语)
(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. ( which 在句子中做宾语)
4. that指人时,相当于who或者whom;指物时,相当于which。
在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略。
(5) The people thatwho come to visit the city are all here. (在句子中做主语)
(6) Where is the man thatwhom I saw this morning? (在句子中做宾语)
5. whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语
(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.
(2) I lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.
whose指物时,常用以下结构来代替
(3)The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.
=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.
(5)Do you like the book whose color is yellow?
=Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?
注:that 用法
(1)不用that的情况
(a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时。 (错)The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.
(b) 介词后不能用;在句型中,关系代词要用as, 而不用which.
We need such materials as (not which) can bear high temperature
We depend on the land from which we get our food.


We depend on the land thatwhich we get our food from.
(2) 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况
(a) 在there be 句型中,只用that,不用which。
(b) 在不定代词,如:anything, nothing, the one, all等作先行词时,只用that,不用which。
(c) 先行词有the only, the very
(恰恰,正好)
, any. few. little. no. all,the last,just修饰时,只用that。
(d) 先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时,只用that,不能用which。.
(e) 先行词既有人,又有物时。
(f) 先行词指物,在主句中作表语时.
(g) 为了避免重复.
(h)先行词是the way或the reason时,that可作关系副词,也可省略
(i) 主句的主语是疑问词who which时
举例:
Is this the book that you borrowed in the library? 这是你在图书馆借的那本书吗?
Who that break the window should be punished. 谁打碎了窗户都要受到惩罚.
All that is needed is a supply of oil. 所需的只是供油问题。
Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.
那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。
(三)、关系副词引导定语从句
关系副词 关系副词:在句中作状语 关系副词=介词+关系代词
why=for which
where=in at on ... which (介词同先行词搭配)
when=during on in ... which (介词同先行词搭配)
1. where指地点,在定语从句中做地点状语用来表示地点的定语从句。
(1) Shanghai is the city where I was born.
(2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.
2. when引导定语从句表示时间。在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用
(1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school.
(2) The time when we got together finally came.
[注]表示时间“timewhen引导,有时不用任何关系代词,当然也不用that引导。
By the time you arrived in London, we had stayed there for two weeks.
到你到达伦敦的时候,我们在那里已经待了两个星期。
I still remember the first time I met her. 我仍然记得我第一次见到她。
Each time he goes to business trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towels, soap,
toothbrush etc。
每一次他去出差,他带来了生活必需品,如毛巾,肥皂,牙刷等,很多。
3. why指原因 在定语从句中做原因状语
(1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.
(2) I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.
注意:关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换
(1) The reason why for which he refused the invitation is not clear,
(2) From the year whenin which he was going to school, he began to know what he wanted when
he grew up.
注:1)介词后面的关系代词不能省略。
2)that前不能有介词。


3) 某些在从句中充当时间,地点或原因状语的介词+关系词结构可以同
关系副词when ,where和why 互换。
This is the house in which I lived two years ago.
This is the house where I lived two years ago.
Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?
Do you remember the day when you joined our club?
This is the reason why he came late.
This is the reason for which he came late.
1. The house ____ we live is not big.
A. in that B. Which C. in which D.
that
2. He talked about the lectures and schools
____ he had visited.
A. that B. Which C. who D. whom
3. The scientist the teacher is talking ____
is leaving for Beijing.
A. to him B. Whom C. to D. to that
4. I who ____ your teacher, will teach Marxism
as a truth to you.
A. is B. Are C. were D. am
5. ____ they could do was to work hard.
A. All B. All what C. All which D.
That
6. Do you know the reason ____ he didn’t
come?
A. that B. which C. for D. why
7. The room ____ windows face south is his.
A. that B. which C. whose D. who’s
8. The park, ____ we visited yesterday, is
very nice.
A. where B. which C. that D. when
9. The park, ____ we met with him, is very
nice.
A. where B. which C. that D. when
10. The first time ____ I saw her was in
1989.
A. when B. which C. that D. as
11. Pay attention to all ____ I do.
A. which B. in which C. what D. that
12. I’ve read all the books ____ you gave
me.
A. which B. them C. what D. that
13. Is there anything ____ I can do for you?
A. what B. which C. that D. it
14. The woman ____ child had fallen ill was a
doctor.
A. who B. her C. whose D.
15. The pen ____ I’m using ____ is hers.
A. which; it B. that; it C. it; D.
16. I have the same trouble ____ you have.
A. that B. which C. as D. what
17. It’s the very book ____ I want to find.
A. which B. that C. it D. so
18. He is the only one of the boys who ___
English for four years.
A. has learnt B. have learnt C. learn D.
learning
19. This is one of the books ____ worth
reading.
A. that is B. which are C. it was D. they are
been
20. This is the best film ____ been shown
this year.
A. which has B. which have C. that has D.
that have
21. This is the largest clock in the world, the
minute have ____ is six minutes long.
A. where B. of which C. that D. of that
22. Can you tell me the reason ____ you didn’t
come for yesterday?
A. why B. how C. which D. what
23. Do you still remember the day ____ we
spent together last month?
A. that B. in which C. when D. where
24. Oct. 1, 1949 was the day ____ the New
China was founded.
A. that B. in which C. when D. where
25. WhichWho of them ____ knows something
about English doesn’t know this word?
A. which B. who C. that D. as
26. ____ we all know, he is a good man.
A. Which B. Who C. That D. As
27. I’ve never seen such a lazy boy ____ you
are.
A. which B. who C. that D. as
28. There were many great leaders in the
history ____ Abraham Lincoln was the greatest
one.
A. in which B. in whom C. of which D. of whom
29. I bought a new dictionary, ____ is very


beautiful.
A. whose the cover B. of which cover
C. the cover of which D. which cover
30. They have planted many trees, one third
of ____ are pine trees.
A. them B. whose C. which D. that
31. That is my office, ____ face the south.
A. it’s windows B. the windows C. the
windows of it D. the windows of which
32. He’s given us a lot of information,
____ is valuable.
A. little of it B. Little of which C. a
little D. much of them
33. He has two sons, ____ is a collage
student.
A. who B. both of whom C. neither of whom D. neither
34. There are forty-five students in our
class, ____ is only fifteen.
A. the youngest of whom B. the oldest of
them
C. one of them D. the tallest
35. He has published two books, ____ I’ve
completely forgotten.
A. their names B. the names of which
C. the names of them D. what names of which
36. He has several friends, the most devoted
____ is Henry.
A. friend B. one of them
C. of them D. of whom
37. Five men stole into the gate, ____ was
lame in the right leg.
A. the second B. the third of whom
C. one of them D. among them
38. This is the very school ____ I wanted to
visit.
A. where B. that C. which D. in which
39. Is the school ____ you are going to work?
A. where B. that C. which D. there
40. Is this ____ you want?
A. which B. the one C. that D. the one
what]
41. Shanghai, ____ I have visited twice, has
a large population.
A. where B. which C. what D. that
42. My youngest sister, ____ is forty years
old, has got a life professorship in a
university.
A. which B. whom C. who D. that
43. The students didn’t like the way _ she was
dressed.
A. B. which C. what D. how
44. There’s no way ____ you could stop
others talking about you unless you don’t
spare yourself (严格要求自己).
A. for B. that C. where D. of which
45. I am determined to learn my subjects in
the way ____ you have done.
A. in which B. by what C. what D. where
46. He used to do things in a way ____ did
no harm to anybody.
A. B. what C. in which D. that
47. I’ll do ____ to help you.
A. all I can B. all what I can C. all those
I manage D. all which I can
48. All ____ want to buy the book, put down
your names here.
A. who B. these that C. those who D. ones
49. This is the third time ____ you’re late
for school.
A. in which B. that C. which D. on which
50. He arrived yesterday, ____ was just what
we expected.
A. what B. who C. that D. which
51. Einstein taught at Princeton, ____
there was a famous research institute.
A. that B. where C. which D. because
of
52. That is the reason ____ he came to see
you.
A. when B. that C. which D. for
which
53. She is one of the few persons ____
Spanish in our school.
A. who knows B. who know C. which speak D.
that speaks
54. He is the only one of the teachers ____
Spanish in our school.
A. who teaches B. who teach C. which teaches
D. that teach
55. You are the only one _ advice he might
listen to.
A. who B. that C. whose D. whatever
56. Here is so big a stone ____ no man can
lift.
A. as B. which C. who D. that
57. He seems a foreigner, ____ in fact it is.
A. which B. as C. that D. and
58. Who ____ has common sense will do such
a thing?
A. which B. who C. whom D. that
59. Is this the museum ____ some German
friends visited last Wednesday?


A. that B. where C. in which D.
the one
60. Is this museum ____ you visited the other
day?
51-55 BDBAC 56-60 ABDAD

A. that B. where C. in which D. the one
1-5 CACDA 6-10 DCBAC 11-15 DDDCD 16-20 CBABC 21-25 BCACC 26-30 CDDCC 31-35 DBCAB 36-40 DBBAB 41-45 BCABA 46-50 DACBD

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