定语从句详解+例句

AttributiveClause定语从句
一、定义
定语从句：修饰名词或代词的从句。换句话说，名词、代词后的从句叫定语从句。
先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词、代词、甚至词组或句子叫先行词。
关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
1关系代词：在定语从句中担任主、宾、表、定语成分
2关系副词：在定语从句中担任状语成分
关系词3个功能：
1.连接功能（连接先行词与定语从句）；
2.担任功能（在定语从句中担任主、宾、表、定、状语）；
3.替代功能（在定语从句中代替先行词）。
关系代词在定语从句中充当
主语的是：who,that,which,as
宾语的是：who,whom,that,which,as
定语的是：whose,which
先行词是人时，关系代词是：who,whom,that,as
先行词是物时，关系代词是：which,that,whose,as
关系副词有：when(先行词为时间),where(先行词为地点),why(先行词为原因)
关系副词=介词+whichwhom
定语从句分为两种：限制性与非限制性。先行词与关系 词之间无逗号隔开为限制性；有逗号
隔开则为非限制性，且一般由which引导。
唯一可以置于先行词之前的定语从句由关系代词as引导。
二、关系代词引导的定语从句
指人，在从句中做主语
(1)Theboyswhoareplayingfootball arefromClassOne.
(2)YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway.
指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。
(1)(whom)youtalkedaboutonthebus.
(2).
注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。
(3)Themanwhowhomyoumetjustnowismyfriend.
指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略
(1)Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.
(2)Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.
指 人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，
做宾语 时可省略。
(5)Thenumberofthepeoplethatwhocometovisi tthecityeachyearrisesonemillion.
(6)WhereisthemanthatwhomIsawthismorning?
通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语，有从属关系。
(1)Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.
(2)Ioncelivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.
whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替
(3)Theclassroomwhosedoo risbrokenwillsoonberepaired.
(4)Theclassroomth edoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.

(5)Doyoulikethebookwhosecoverisyellow?
(6)Doyoulikethebookthecolorofwhichisyellow?
三、介词+关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时，从句常由介词+关系代词引导
(1)Theschoo l(thatwhich)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.
(2)Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.
(3)TomorrowIwillbringhereamagazine(thatwhich)y ouaskedfor.
(4)TomorrowIwillbringhereamagazine forwhichyouasked.
(5)We’llgotohearthefamoussin ger(whomthatwho)wehaveoftentalkedabout.
(6)We’ llgotohearthefamoussingeraboutwhomwehaveoftentalke d.
注意：1.含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：lookfor,lookafter,t akecareof等
(1)ThisisthewatchwhichthatIamlookingfor.(T)
(2)ThisisthewatchforwhichIamlooking.(F)
2. 若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用whom，不可用who或者that；指物时用which，
不能用that；关系代词是所有格时用whose
(1)Themanwithwhomyoutalkedismyfriend.(T)
(2)Themanwhothatyoutalkedwithismyfriend.(F) (3)TheplaneinwhichweflewtoCanadaisverycomfortabl e.(T)
(4)TheplaneinthatweflewintoCanadaisveryc omfortable.(F)
3.“介词+关系代词”前可有some,any,none,bot h,all,neither,most,each,few等代词或者数词
(1)Helovedh isparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim.
(2 )Inthebaskettherearequitemanyapples,someofwhichhav egonebad.
(3)Therearefortystudentsinourclassin all,mostofwhomarefrombigcities.
四、关系副词引导的定语从句
指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语
(1)Istillrememberthedaywhe nIfirstcametotheschool.
(2)Thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallycame.
指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语
(1)ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.
(2)Theh ousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.
指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语
(1)Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.
(2)Idon’tknowthereasonwhyhelooksunhappytoday.
注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换
(1)Thereas onwhyforwhichherefusedtheinvitationisnotclear,
(2)Fromtheyearwheninwhichhewasgoingtoschoolhebega ntoknowwhathewantedwhenhegrewup.
(3)Greatchang eshavetakenplaceinthecityinwhichwhereIwasborn.
难点分析
（一）只能用that不用which
1．当先行词是anything ,everything,nothing(something除外),few,all,none,litt le,some等代词时，
或者是由every,any,all,some,no,little,f ew,much等修饰时
(1)?
(2)Thereseemstobenothingt hatseemsimpossibleforhimintheworld.
(3)Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.
(4)ThereislittlethatIcandoforyou.
注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who

(4)Anymanthatw hohasasenseofdutywon’tdosuchathing.
2.当先行词被序数词修饰
(1)Thefirstplacethattheyvisit edinLondonwastheBigBen.
3.当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时
(1)ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveseen.
4.当形容词被thevery,theonly,thelast修饰时
(1)ThisistheverydictionarythatIwanttobuy,
(2)Afterthefireinhishouse,theoldcaristheonlythingt hatheowned.
当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who
(3)WangHuais theonlypersoninourschoolwhowillattendthemeeting.
5.当先行词前面有who,which等疑问代词时
(1)Whoisthemanthatisstandingthere?
(2)WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost?
6.当先行词既有人，也有动物或者物体时
(1)Canyourememberthesc ientistandhistheorythatwehavelearned?
只能用which,who,whom不用that
1.关系代词直接放在介词后面时，要用which，不用that；要用whom，不用who。
2.引导非限制性定语从句时，要用which,who,whom,不用that，也不能省略。
（二）关系代词as和which引导的定语从句
as和which引导非限制性定语从句，有相同之处也有不同之处。具体情况是：
1．as和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，代表前面整个句子。
(1)Hemarriedher,aswhichwasnatural.
(2)Hewashonest,aswhichwecansee.
引导非限制性定语从句 ，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一个主句；which
引导的非限制性定语从句只能放 在主句之后。另外，as有“正如……，正像……”的意思
(1)Asisknowntoall,Chinaisadevelopingcountry.
(2)Heisfromthesouth,aswecanseefromhisaccent.
(3)John,asyouknow,isafamouswriter.
(4)Heha sbeentoParismorethanseveraltimes,whichIdon’tbeliev e.
注意：当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时，常用which
(5)Tomwasa lwayslateforschool,whichmadehisteacherangry.
3.当先行次由such,thesame修饰时，常用as
(1)Ihaveneverheardsuchastoryashetells.
(2)Heisnotsuchafoolashelooks.
(3)ThisisthesamebookasIlostlastweek.
注意：当先 行次由thesame修饰时，偶尔也用that引导定语从句，但是和由as所引导的定语
从句意思不 同
(4)SheworethesamedressthatsheworeatMary’swed ding.
她穿着她在Mary婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。
(5)Sheworethesamedressasheryoungsisterwore.
她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。
（三）以theway为先行词的定语从句通常由inwhich,that引导，而且通常可以省略。
(1)eredthequestionwassurprising.
（四）but有时也可以做关系词引导定语从句
(1)Thereareveryfewbu tunderstandhisidea.(but=whodon’t)
（五）区分定语从句和同位语从句

1．定语从句修饰先行词，它和先行词是修 饰关系；同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容，是
补充说明的关系
(1)TheplanethathasjusttakenoffisforLondon.定语从句
(2)Thefactthathehasbeendeadisclear.同位语从句
2 ．定语从句由关系代词或者关系副词引导，关系词在句中充当成分，有时可以省略；同位
语从句主要由t hat引导，在句中一般不做成分；句子也可以由
when,where,how,why,wheth er,what等词引导，充当成分
(1)Thenewshetoldmeistrue.
(2)Thenewsthathehasjustdiedistrue.
(3)Thep roblemthatwearefacingnowishowwecancollectsomuchmon ey.定语
(4)Theproblemhowwecancollectsomuchmoneyi sdifficulttosolve.
3.同位语从句和先行词一般可以用be动词发展成一个完整的句子，而定语从句不可以
(1 )Theideathatwecouldasktheteacherforadviceiswonderf ul.
(2)Theideawasthatwecouldasktheteacherforad vice.
(3)Thefactthattheearthmovesaroundtheeart hisknowntoall.同位语
(4)Thefactisthattheearthmovesaroundtheearth.