高中定语从句详细讲解讲课教案

高定语从句
解
细中详讲

高中定语从句详细讲解
（一）定义及相关术语
1 ．定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它
所修饰的先行词之后。
2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
3．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as
等；关系副词有when, where, why等。
关系 词通常有下列三个作用：A、引导定语从句；B、代替先行词；C、在定
语从句中担当一个成分。例如：
The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. 该句中，who is
shaking hands with my father 是定语从句，修饰先行词the man， “who”是引导
定语从句的关系词，代替先行词the man，在定语从句中作主语。

（二）关系代词引导的定语从句
1．who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。
The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 正在踢足球的男孩是一班
的。
Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow
morning. 想去博物馆的人必须在明晨7点到大门口集合。
Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way. 昨天我帮助了一位迷路的
老人。
That is the teacher who teaches us physics. 那就是教我们物理的老师。
2．whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。
Mr Liu is the person ( whom ) you talked about on the bus. 刘先生就是你们在公
共汽车上谈论的那个人。
Li Ming is just the boy ( whom ) I want to see. 李明正是我想要见的男孩。
The professor ( whom ) you are waiting for has come. 你正在等的教授已经来
了。
The girl ( whom ) the teacher often praises is our monitor. 老师经常表扬的那个女
孩是我们的班长。
注意：关系代词whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替，也可省略。
The man ( whom who )you met just now is my old friend.
3．Which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。
Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 足球是大多数男孩所喜欢的运
动。
The factory which makes computers is far away from here. 制造计算机的那家公司
离这儿很远。
He likes to read books which are written by foreign writers. 他喜欢外国作家写的
书。
The house which is by the lake looks nice. 湖边的那幢房子看上去很漂亮。
This is the pen ( which ) he bought yesterday. 这是他昨天买的钢笔。
The film ( which ) they went to see last night was not interesting at all. 他们昨晚看
的电影一点意思也没有。

4．That 指人时，相当于who 或whom；指物时，相当于which.。在定语从句中
作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。
The number of people that who come to visit this city each year reaches one million.
每年来参观这座城市的人数达一百万。
Where is the man that whom I saw this morning? 我今天早上看到的那个人在哪
儿？
The person that whom you introduced to me is very kind. 你介绍给我的那个人很
友好。
The season that which comes after spring is summer. 春天以后的季节是夏季。
Yesterday I received a letter that which came from Australia. 昨天我收到了一封
来自澳大利亚的信。
5．Whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。
I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country. 我拜访了一个全国知
名的科学家。
He has a friend whose father is a doctor. 他有一个爸爸当医生的朋友。
I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in. 我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经倒塌
了的房子里。
注意：指物时，常用下列结构来代替：
The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.
The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.
Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?
Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow?

（三）“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。
The school (which that) he once studied in is very famous.
The school in which he once studied is very famous. 他曾经就读过的学校很出名。
Tomorrow I’ll bring here the magazine (which that) you asked for.
Tomorrow I’ll bring here the magazine for which you asked.明天我将把你要的杂
志带来。
This is the boy (whom who that) I played tennis with yesterday.
This is the boy with whom I played tennis with yesterday. 这是我昨天跟他打台球的
男孩。
We’ll go to hear the famous singer (whom who that) we have often talked about.
We’ll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.我们将去听那
位我们经常谈论的著名歌唱家演唱。
The manager whose company I work in pays much attention to improving our
working conditions.
The manager in whose company I work pays much attention to improving our
working conditions.
我工作的那家公司的经理十分注意改善我们的工作条件。
注意：１． 含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。
如：look for, look after, take care of 等。
This is the watch (which that) I am looking for. (正) 这是我正在找的手表。

This is the watch for which I am looking . (误)
The babies (whom who that) the nurse is looking after are very healthy. (正) 那
个保姆照看的小宝宝们都很健康。
The babies after whom the nurse is looking are very healthy. （误）
２．若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用whom，不可用who,
that；关 系代词指物时只可用which，不可用that。关系代词是所有格时用
whose。
The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbour. (正) 你刚才跟他谈话的
那个人是我的邻居。
The man with that who you talked just now is my neighbour. (误)
The plane in which we flew to Canada was really comfortable. (正)我们去加拿大
所乘坐的飞机实在很舒服。
The plane in that we flew to Canada was really comfortable. (误)
３．“介词+关系代词”前还可有some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most,
each, few等代词或者数词。如：
He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him. 他深深地爱着他的
父母，他们俩待他都很好。
In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad. 篮子里有
好些苹果，有些已经坏了。
There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities. 我们
班总共有４０个学生，大多数来自大城市。
Up to now, he has written ten stories, three of which are about country life. 迄今
为止，他写了１０部小说，其中３部是关于农村生活的。

（四）关系副词引导的定语从句
1． when 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。
I still remember the day when I first came to this school. 我仍然记得我第一次
来到这所学校的那一天。
The time when we got together finally arrived. 我们团聚的时刻终于到了。
October 1, 1949 was the day when the People’s Republic of China was founded.
1949年10月1日是中华人民共和国成立的日子。
Do you remember the years when he lived in the countryside with his grandparents.
你还记得在农村和你祖父母一起生活的那些年吗？
2． where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。
Shanghai is the city where I was born. 上海是我出生的城市。
The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. 我十年前住的房子已
经被拆掉了。
I visited the farm where a lot of cows were raised . 我参观了那个饲养了许多奶牛
的农场。
Is this the place where they fought the enemy? 这是他们当初打敌人的地方吗？
3． why 指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。
Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. 请告诉我你误机的原因。
The reason why he was punished is unknown to us. 他受惩罚的原因我们都不知
道。

I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today. 我不知道他今天为什么看
上去不愉快。
注意：关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语
从句来表示。如：
From the years when in which he was going to primary school in the country he
had known what he wanted to be when he grew up. 自从他在农村读小学时，他
就已经知道长大后要做什么。
Great changes are taking place in the city where in which they live. 他们生活
的城市正发生巨大的变化。
The reason why for which he refused the invitation is quite clear. 他为什么拒
绝接受邀请的原因是十分明了的。




（五）限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句
形式上：不用逗号“，”与主句隔开。
意义上：是先行词不可缺少的定语，如删除，主句则失去意义或意思表达不完
整。
译法上：译成先行词的定语：“．．．的”
关系词的使用上：A．作宾语时可省略 B．可用that C．可用who 代替whom
非限制性定语从句
形式上：用逗号“，”与主句隔开。
意义上：只是对先行词的补充说明，如删除，主句仍能表达完整的意思。
译法上：通常译成主句的并列句。
关系词的使用上：A．不可省略 B．不用that C．不可用who 代替whom
限制性定语从句举例：
The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend on. 老师告诉
我说汤姆是我唯一的可以依靠的人。
China is a country which has a long history. 中国是一个历史悠久的国家。
In the street I saw a man who was from Africa. 在街上我看到一个来自非洲的人。
非限制性定语从句举例 ：
His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him. 他妈妈十分地爱他，对他
要求很严格。
China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful. 中国是
1949年成立的， 现在正变得越来越强大。
Last summer I visited the People’s Great Hall, in which many important meetings
are held every year. 去年夏天，我参观了人民大会堂，在那儿每年都要举行许多
重要会议。

（一）限制性定语从句中只能用that 引导定语从句的情况

1．当先行词是everything, anything, nothing (something 除外), all, none, few, little,
some等不定代词时，或当先行词受every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等代
词修饰时。如：
Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li said? 李老师讲的你都记下来了吗？
There seems to be nothing that is impossible to him in the world. 对他来说似乎世界
上没有什么不可能的事。
All that can be done has been done. 所有能做的都做好了。
There is little that I can do for you. 我不能为你干什么。
He stayed in the library and looked up any information that they needed. 他呆在图书
馆查找所需的资料。
注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可用关系代词who，如：
Any man that who has a sense of duty won’t do such a thing. 任何有责任感的人
都不会做这样的事。
All the guests that who were invited to her wedding were important people. 所有应
邀来参加她婚礼的客人都是重要人物。
2．当先行词被序数词修饰时。如：
The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben. 在伦敦他们参观的第一
个地方是大本钟。
3．当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。如：
This is the best film that I have ever seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。
4．当先行词被the very, the only修饰时。如：
This is the very dictionary that I want to buy. 这正是我要买的词典。
After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owns. 家里发生了火
灾过后，那辆旧车成了他的唯一拥有。
注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可用关系代词who。如：
Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting. 王华是我校
唯一出席会议的人。
5．当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时。如：
Who is the man that is standing by the gate? 站在门口的那个人是谁？
Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? 哪件T恤衫最合我的身？
6．当先行词为人与动物或人与物时。如：
They talked about the persons and things that they remembered at school 他们谈论
着他们所能记起的在校时的人和事。
Look at the man and his donkey that are walking up the street. 瞧瞧那个沿街走来
的人和他的 毛驴。

（二）关系代词as和which 引导的定语从句
as 和which 引导非限制性定语从句时， 其用法有相同之处，也有不同之处。具
体情况是：
1. as 和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或宾语，代表前面整个句子。如：
He married her, as which was natural. 他跟她结婚了，这是很自然的事。
He is honest, as which we can see. 他很诚实， 这一点我们看得出来。