仿佛怎么写-kickoff
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Unit 9
语法导学案:定语从句专题讲解
一、 基本概念:
在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
Do you know
the man who spoke at the meeting just now? That is
thehouse where
h e lived ten years ago.
定语从句所修饰的词叫
先行词;定语从句一般用 关系代词或关系副词
来引导,
关系词放在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用, 同时又作从句中的一个成分。
引导
定语从句的关系代词有: that, who, whom, whose, which,
as 关系副词有:
when, where, why.
二、定语从句的关系词
引导定语从句的关系词有 关系代词和关系副词
,常见的关系代词包括 that,which,
who(宾格 whom,所有格
whose)等,关系副词包括 where,when,why
等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,
同时又作定语从
句的重要成分。 定语从句的谓语动词由先行词来决定。三、定语从句的分类
根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为
限制性定语从句及非限制性定
语从句 。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词, 主句与从句不用逗号分开, 从
句不可省去,
非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍
完整。
四、关系代词的用法
关系代词
that
which
who
whom
指代
既指人,也指物
指物(相当于
that)
指人(相当于 that)
指人
既指人,也指物
在定语从句中的作用
主语、宾语
主语、宾语
主语
宾语
定语
whose
1. that
既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语,作主语
时不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如:
Mary likes music that is quiet and
gentle玛.丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。( that 作主语)
The coat (that) I
put on the desk is blue我.放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。
(
that 作宾语)
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用于指物,在句中作主语或宾语,作主语不可省略,作宾语可省略。
例如:
The building which stands near the train
station is a supermarket位.于火车站附
近的那
座大楼是一家超市。(作主语)
The film (which) we saw
last night was wonderful.
我们昨天晚上看的那部电
影很好看。(作宾语)
, whom 用于指人, who
用作主语, whom 用作宾语。在口语中,有时
可用 who 代替 whom,
也可省略。例如:
The girl who often helps me with
my English is from England.
经常在英语方面
帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。(作主语)
Who is the
teacher ( whom) Li Ming is talking to
?正在与李明谈话的老师是
谁?(作宾语)
注意:
(1)当定语从句中含有介词,介词放在句末时, who, that,which
可省略,但
介词在关系代词前时,只能用 “介词 +whichwhom”结构。例如:
This is the house in which we lived last
year这.是我们去年居住的房子。
Please tell me from whom
you borrowed the English novel. 请告诉我你从谁那借
的这本英文小说。
(2)含有介词的固定动词词组中,介词不可前置,只能放在原来的位置上。
例如:
This is the person whom you are
looking for. 这就是你要找的那个人。
(3)that
作介词的宾语时,介词不能放它的前面,只能放在从句中动词的后
面。例如:
The
city that she lives in is very far
away她.居住的城市非常远。
(4)关系词只能用 that 的情况:
a.
先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容
词最高级时,只能用
that,而不用 which.例如:
He was the first person
that passed the exam他.是第一个通过考试的人。
b.被修饰的先行词为 all, any, much, many, everything,
anything, none,
the one等不定代词时,只能用 that,而不用
which.例如:
Is there anything that you want
to buy in the shop? 你在商店里有什么东西要
买吗?
c.先行词被 the only, the very, the same, the last,
little , few 等词修饰时,
只能用 that,而不用 which.例如:
This is the same bike that I
lost这.就是我丢的那辆自行车。
d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时,只能用
that, 而不用 which.例如:
I can remember well
the persons and some pictures that I saw in the
room我.能
清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。
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e.以
who 或 which 引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复,只能用
Who is the
girl that is crying? 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁?
f.主句是
there be 结构,修饰主语的定语从句用
that.例如:
that,而不用 which.例如:
There is a book on
the desk that belongs to Tom桌.子上那本书是汤姆的。
(5)关系词只能用 which ,而不用 that 的情况:
a.先行词为
that, those时,用 which, 而不用 that.例如:
What‘ s
that which is under the desk? 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么?
b.关系代词前有介词时,一般用 which,而不用 that.例如:
This is the room in which he lives.
这是他居住的房间。
c.引导非限制性定语从句,用 which, 而不用
that.例如:
Tom came back, which made us
happy. 汤姆回来了,这使我们很高兴。
五、关系副词的用法
(
1)when 指时间,其先行词表示时间, 在句中作时间状语。 它的先行词通常有:
time, day, morning, night, week, year等
例如: This was the time when he
arrived这.是他到达的时间。
( 2)where
指地点,其先行词表示地点,在句中作地点状语。它的先行词常有:
place,
spot, street, house, room, city, town,
country等。
例如: This is place where he
works这.是他工作的地点。
注意:先行词表示地点 ,不一定都用 Where
引导定语从句
一般来说 ,英语学习者的脑海中会形成这样一个概念
:在定语从句中 ,如果先行词
是表示地点的名词 (如 place 等),就用关系副词
where 引导定语从句。这种想法是错
误的。如果定语从句不缺少主语或宾语 ,而是缺少地点状语
,便用 where 来引导 如果
定语从句不缺少状语 ,而是缺少主语或宾语 ,则要用关系代词
(which 或 that) 来 引
导 , 以 补 足 定 语 从 句 中 所 缺 失 的 主 语 或 宾 语 如
an hour, we can travel to places _____ would
have taken our ancestors days to re
ach.
A. where B. when C. which D.
what
is the town_____I wanted to visit
most.
A. where B. when C. that D. what
is the town _____I was born.
A. where
B. when C. which D. what
4.I ’ ve
neverbeen to Beijing, but its the place ____.
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A. where I ’dlike to visit
B. in which I ’dlike to visit
C. I
most want to visit
D. that I want to visit
it most
( 3)why 指原因,其先行词是原因, 起原因状语作用。
它的先行词只有
reason。
例如: Nobody knows
the reason why he is often late for
school.没人知道他为什
么上学总迟到。
1 这 三 个 关 系 副 词
在 意 义 上 都 相 当 于 一 定 的 介 词 +which 结 构 :
when = on (in, at,
during......)+which;where=in (at, o......) +
which;why = for which.
例如:
I was
in Beijing on the day when (=on which) he
arrived.
The office where(=in which) he
works is on the third floor.
This is the
chief reason why (=for which) we did it.
练习题
I.单项填空
1.
-Do you
know the man ______is talking with your
father?
-Yes, he‘ s our headmaster.
A. he B. who C. which D. whom
2.
Is this the river _____I can
swim?
A. which
B. in which C.
that
D. the one
3.
This is the best hotel in the city _____I
know.
A. where
B. which
A. that you bought
C. that
D.
it
B. you bought it
4.
Can
you lend me the dictionary ______the other
day?
C. that you bought it
D.
which you bought it
5. Anyone ______with
what I said may put up you hands.
A. which agrees B.
who agree
C. who agrees D. which agree
6. My watch is not the only thing ______ is
missing.
A. that B. it C. which
who
7. The man ______coat is black is
waiting at the gate
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A. who ‘sB. whose C. that
of which.
8. The girl ______ is
reading under the tree _____my sister.
A.
which ; is B. whom; was C. who; is D. who; was
9. I love places ______the people are really
friendly.
A. that B. which C. where
D. who
10. The world ______ is made up
of matter.
A. in that we live
B.
on which we live
C. where we live in
D. we live in
Ⅱ 、用适当的关系代词 that, which,
who, whom 填空。
1. The first thing ______you
must do is to have a meal.
2. April 1st is
the day _____is called April Fool
4. The
house _____we live in is very old.
5. Didn ’
t you see the man ______I talked with just ?now
Ⅲ、 根据句意,在横线处填上恰当的关系代词。
’ s Day in the
west.
3. The family _____had lost
everything in a big fire got much help from their
friends.
1. Who drew the picture
________ is worth 60,000 yuan?
2. The man
________ is wearing a blue T-shirt is good at
skating.
3. This is a store ________ sells all
kinds of school things.
4. The woman ________
you talked to just now is our English teacher.
5. The town ________ we visited last time is
much larger than before.
6. We saw the tree
________ was five hundred years old.
7. The
computer ________ my father bought for me works
well.
8. He is the boy ________ I saw in front
of the library.
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jago-左的成语
灵的成语-六下英语书人教版
灰石的囚犯-再者
谢谢英文缩写-沿着英语
硕大的近义词-money是什么意思
钢水包-一月英文
怡然自乐的意思-live是什么意思
brew-伤感的日文歌
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