定语从句超详细讲解与练习

定语从句

定语从句的构成：
两个简单句： A man is standing there.
The man is my brother.
= 主从复合句：The man who is standing there is my brother.

__________ _________
先行词：行，走路的意思。先行词就是放在从句前面的词，但是本身为定语从句中 的一部分。所以先行词
在从句中作什么成分从句中就用什么样的引导词。
关系词：代替先行词承担从句中的句子成分，放在句首引导从句，所以也叫引导词。


1.
关系代词：在从句里代替先行词充当____ ______、__________、__________

关系词的种类：
2.关系副词：在从句里代替先行词充当___________

关系词的作用：
①
代替前面的先行词在从句中充当一定的成分 ② 把两个句子连起来
一、关系代词：
先行词

人

物

人＋物

主语

who that

which that

that

宾语

who whom that

which that

that

定语

whose

whose of which


表语
that

注意：⑴、当先行词在从句中作宾语的时候可以省略引导词
把下列两个简单句合成一个主从复合句
wants to see the man. + The man is in Shanghai.
①_____________________ ___________________________________________
②_ __________________________________________________ _____________
2.I have a sister. + She works in Hebei.
①___________________________________ _____________________________
②_______________ _________________________________________________

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3. This is the man. The police are looking for the man.
①_____________ __________________________________________________ _
②___________________________________________ _____________________
you know the girl? + Her mother works here.
①___________________ _____________________________________________
②_________________________________________________ _______________
5.I live in a room. + Its door faces south.
①________________________________ ________________________________
②____________ __________________________________________________ __
⑵先行词做宾语时who与whom的区别
一般情况下不进行区分，除非是紧跟在介词之后
is the man. The police are looking for him.
→This is the man (whowhomthat ) the police are looking for.【whowhomthat可以省略】
其中介词for可以提前
→This is the man for whom the police are looking.
介词在引导词前面只能用whom, 而且不能省略，因为介词之后只能接宾格
注：that不能放在介词之后
2. John is the driver. We talked about him.
→John is the driver _________________ we talked about.
→John is the driver about __________ we talked.
二、关系副词：
先行词
地点状语
时间状语
原因状语
物
where
when
why for which
把下列两个简单句合成一个主从复合句
This is the house. + I was born in the house.
→______________________________________ _____________________________

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→_________________________________ __________________________________
→__________ __________________________________________________ _______
对比：This is the house. The house was built 10 years ago.
→_________________________ _____________________________________________
总结：_______________________________________________ ___________________
We will never forget the day. + We will hold the Olympic Games on the day.
→________________________________________ ______________________________
→______________ __________________________________________________ ______
对比：I will never forget the day . I spent the day with you last year.
→___________ __________________________________________________ _________
→___________________________________ ___________________________________
总结：_______ __________________________________________________ _________
I don’t know the reason. + He left here for the reason.
→________________________ ______________________________________________
→________________________________________________ ______________________
I don’t know the reason. He has told others the reason.
→______ __________________________________________________ ______________
总结：____________________________ ______________________________________
介词加which可以等于when、where或why
This was a terrible war. + Many people were killed in the war.
→①This was a terrible war. + Many people were killed in ________.
→②____________ __________________________________________________ _____
→③______________________________________ _____________________________
It is the largest farm in my hometown. A monument stands on the farm.
→①It is the largest farm in my hometown. A monument stands on________.
→②____ __________________________________________________ _____________
→③______________________________ _____________________________________
The police soon arrived at the scene(现场). There was a man lying at the scene.
→①The police soon arrived at the scene(现场). There was a man lying at ________.
→②__________________________________ _________________________________
→③__________ __________________________________________________ _______

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总结：where=介词+which，介词是由___________________ 所决定的。
February is a month. There are usually 28 days in a month.
→①February is a month. There are usually 28 days in ________.
→②_____ __________________________________________________ ____________
→③_______________________________ ____________________________________
Every Chinese knows October 1
st
. New China was founded on October 1
st
.
→①Every Chinese knows October 1
st
. New China was founded on ________.
→②_______________________ ____________________________________________
→ ③_________________________________________________ __________________
I want to know the time. The bus leaves at the time.
→①I want to know the time. The bus leaves at ________.
→②______ __________________________________________________ ___________
→③________________________________ ___________________________________
总结：when=介词+which，介词是由___________________ 所决定的。
No one can guess the reason. He disappeared for the reason.
→①No one can guess the reason. He disappeared for ________.
→②_______________ __________________________________________________ __
→③_________________________________________ __________________________
总结：why=for which，因为只有介词for表示原因.
另一种引导词加介词的情况：
is the hero ________whom we are proud.
C. at
the dark street, there wasn’t any person ________she could turn.
A. to that B. who C. from whom D. to whom
Feng is a person ________ all people should learn.
A. to that B. who C. from whom D. to whom
总结：看动词的固定搭配。
先行词是人，在定语从句中作宾语时who与whom的区别:
who是主格，可以做主语， 但是现在语法要求不那么严格了，先行词是人在从句中作主语作宾
语都可以用who来代替
whom是宾格，先行词做宾语的时候可以用whom来代替

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但是介词之后只能接宾格的形式，所以如果引导词前有介词的话，必须得用w hom的形式.而
且当引导词前面有介词的时候是不能省略引导词的。
1. You want the approval of those with_______________you come in contact.(whowhomthat)
2. You want the approval of those _______________ you come in contact with.(whowhomthat)
3. The girl _______________ you talked to is my girlfriend.(whowhomthat)
4. The girl to _______________you talked is my girlfriend.(whowhomthat)
5. She brought with her three friends, none of _________ I had ever met before. (whowhomthat)
定语从句最需要注意的地方:
一、定语从句中的谓语动词的人称和数与先行词保持一致。
1. Here are the sentences that ______often used by the students.
(that指代______________,谓语动词用______)
2. I am Li Hua, who ______ your student.
( who指代______________, 谓语用______.)
3. He was one of the students who ______ praised for it.
( who指代______________, 谓语用______.)
4. He was the only one of the students who ______ praised for it.
( who指代______________, 谓语用______.)
二、the way为先行词在句中做
方式状语
，引导词用that、in which或省略都可以。
I don’t like the way. You speak to me in the way.
划分句子结构：You speak to me in the way.

变成定语从句 1.I don’t like the way that you speak to me.
2.I don’t like the way in which you speak to me.
3.I don’t like the way you speak to me.
对比：I think the way is very practical. You told me the way.
划分句子结构：You told me the way.
1.I think the way that you told me is very useful.
2.I think the way which you told me is very useful.`
3.I think the way you told me is very useful.
三、注意英语的句子结构。
1. The Greens have two daughters, both of ________are college students.

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2. The Greens have two daughters, and both of _______ are college students.
3. The Greens have two daughters. Both of ________ are college students.
四、定语从句不能用what引导。
定语从句不能用what引导。
定语从句不能用what引导。
五、虚拟的地点也可以做地点状语。
1. I receive your letter ________ you told me you would come.
先行词：___________. You told me you would come_____________.先行词所做成分_________
对比：I receive your letter ________ makes me glad.
先行词： ___________. _______________ makes me glad. 先行词所做成分______________
at the sentence ________ there are five words.
先行词: ___________. There are five words_______________.先行词所做成分____________
对比：Look at the sentence________ you should pay attention to .
先行词: ___________. You should pay attention to_____________.先行词所做成分_________
log on the website ________ you can find a lot of information.
先行词: ___________. You can find a lot of information____________.先行词所做成分_________
对比：Please log on the website ________ can offer you a lot of information.
先行词: ___________. ___________can offer you a lot of information.先行词所做成分_________
六、as作关系代词
先行词前有such, as, the same时，其意为“像……的”“凡是……的”“……一类的人(物)”，
引导词必须用as。例如：
He’s not such a fool as he looks.
他并不像看上去的那样愚蠢。
He is not such a man as would leave his work half done.
他并不是一个做事半途而废的人。
You must show my wife the same respect as you show me.
你必须对我妻子表现出与对我同样的敬重。
He smokes as expensive a cigarette as he can afford.
他抽一种他买得起的最贵的烟。
七、特殊情况
只用that不用which的情况

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(1) 先行词是不定代词：all，few，little，much, something，nothing，anything等。
例如：All that we have to do is to practise every day.
我们必须做的就是每天练习。
Little that he said is believable
他的话很少有可信的。
(2) 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰。
例如：The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten。
我将永远记得我的第一堂课。
（3）先行词被all，any，very，each，few，little，no，some等限定 词修饰。
例如：Every means that had been tried proved to be useless.
尝试过的每一种方法都证明是无用的。
I have read all the books (that)you gave me.我已读了你给我的所有的书。
（4）先行词被the only，the very，the right，just the修饰时。
例如：He is the only person that l want to talk to.
他是我想与之交谈的唯一的人。
This is just the book (that) I'm looking for.
这正是我在找的书。
（5）先行词既有人又有物时。
例如：They talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school.
他们谈起了他们所记得的学校里的人和事。
（6）当主句是以which开头的特殊疑问句时，定语从句须用that，以免与先行词重复。
例如：Which of us that knows something about physics does not know this?
我们当中懂得一些物理知识的人有谁不知道这个呢?
（7）先行词前有介词的时候不能用that只能用which，而且绝对不能省略
The book ________________ I heard about was written ten years ago.
The book about ________I heard was written ten years ago.
当先行词是人，只用that不用who的情况：
a. 以who开头的特殊疑问句，定语从句的先行词如果是人，关系代词只用that不用who
Who is the girl that said hello to you just now?
b. 当先行词既有人也有物时，定语从句只用that来引导
They ofter talk about the person and things that they remember.

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c. 当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时，只用that来引导
He’s changed. He is not the man that he was.

练习题：
【2017·北京】1. The little problems ______ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great
inventions.
B. as C. where D. when
【2016·北京】2. I live next door to a couple ________ children often make a lot of noise.
B. why C. where D. which
【2014·重庆】3. We’ll reach the sales targets in a month _______ we set at the beginning of the year.
B. where C. when D. what
【2014·安徽】4．The exact year_______ Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.
B. where C. why D. which
y he reached a lonely island _______ was completely cut off from the outside world.

can think of a situation_______ this idiom can be used?
that
class, our teachers often create an environment _______ we are given the opportunity to solve
problems ourselves.

prize will go to the writer _______ story shows the most imagination.

factory I am going to is the place my father used to work in the past.
; where which where which
is one of the boys who late this morning.
B. were
11. Tom is the only one of the boys who late this morning.
B. were
you know the student _______?
A. whom I often talk B. with who I often talk C.I often talk with D. that I often talk
13. The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere ______ his employees enjoy their
work.
A. where B. which C. when D. who

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14. Creating an atmosphere ______ employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.
A. which B. whose C. in which D. at which
ess and success often come to those _______ are good at recognizing their own strengths.

is the last person in the world ______ I am willing to turn for help.
whom
book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those_______ lives were affected.

book has opened up a window ______we can see a wonderful world outside.
which h which
19.I, ______ your good friend, will try my best to help you out.
is am is is
20.I know the reason ______ he was absent from class this morning.
which which
company ______I am working in is next to the post office.
which which
reason ______ you explained for your being late is unbelievable.
A. which
this the park ______ you visited the other day?
which one
is the only one of my uncles ______ a restaurant.
runs run runs run
this the hospital ______ you worked 10 years ago?
C.
wrote a letter ______ he explained what had happened in the accident.

e could he find his glasses, ______he could see nothing.
which t which
power is an ancient source of energy______we may return in the near future.
which which which which
is the best way ______ I have thought of______the problem.
; solving

which; solving
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; to solve D.; to solve

him a note at the reception desk, ______ he will learn how to find you.
which which which
school is different from the one ______it used to be 6 years ago.

ts______ live far away home will be happy with our dormitories.
whom
way______the teacher taught is practical.
which
wolves hid themselves in the places ______ couldn’t be found.
which
35.I have bought the same dress she is wearing.



that

非限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句和限制性定语从句的区别：主句和从句中间有无逗号
非限制性定语从句和限制性定语从句用法基本一样，但是有两点不同：
1. 非限制性定语从句不能用that来引导
2. 非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是一整句话，当先行词是一整句话的时候引导
词只能用which
famous basketball star, _____is an American, came to China yesterday.
those days,she used to go to Mr black,with _____she had a wonderful time.
3.I bought a car yesterday,_____ cost me a lot.
’an, ______I visited last year, is a nice old city.
was raining heavily, _____ made the situation wore.
will come to see me next July, _____ he won’t be so busy.
school,_______I once studied,was built thirty years ago.
said he’d been working in the office for an hour,_______ was true.
parents often treat me as a baby, _______ I can’t bear.

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10. Jim passed the driving test, _______ surprised everybody in the office.
3.在of whichwhom之前可以使用表达数量或定位的数词或代词。
1.I am doing different types of exercises, all of _______are quite helpful to my health.
people , some of ______are not overweight , are going on diets.
are 54 students in my class, three of ________come from US.
’s the same in China---many people, some of ________are not overweight at all,
are always going on diet or taking weight-loss pills, ________ are often dangerous.
也可以作引导词，先行词为一整句话。但是which引导的句子放在主句之后 ，
as引导的从句放在主句之前。但是这一类定语从句逐渐演化成了短语，常见的有：
as has been said before 如上所述
as is well known 众所周知
as was expected 正如预料的那样
as has been already pointed out 正如已经指出的那样
as we all can see 正如我们都会看到的那样
练习题：
is the factory where we visited last week.
2. This is the watch which Tom is looking for it.
3. The person to who you spoke is a student of Grade Two.
4. The house in that we live is very small.
5. The sun gives off light and warmth, that makes it possible for plants to grow.
6. It is known to all, the 2008 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing.
7. His dog, that was now very old, became ill and died.
8. The reason which he didn’t go to school is that he was ill.

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9. Those who wants to go with me put up your hands.
10. The boy, his mother came back last year, studies very hard.
11. I have two sisters, both of them are doctors.
is the teacher with whom we’ve learnt a lot.
13. Tell me anything what you know.
was planned,we met at the railway station.
15. Anyone likes it can borrow it from me.
man you saw him just now is my math teacher.
man came alone, none of whom friends was with him.
you for the book that you gave it to me yesterday.
19. Anyone who break the law will be punished.
20. The students who don’t know the answers.
are many people there, but none of whom I know.
is all what I have known.
have questions can ask the teachers for advice.
is the person whose the family is very rich.
is the pen you lost it yesterday.
girl told me the news is not here now.
is the village where my father worked in three years ago.
reason why he gave us sounded a little strange.
is the only one of the students who know French.
30.I’ll never forget the day on which I spent with you.



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