雅思口语机经-vibrate
定语从句
一、定义:在复合句中,修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句 ,
被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词 , 引导定语
从句的引导词分为:关系代词 who, whom,
whose, which, that等,和关系副词where, when, why等 ,
关系代词
和关系副词在定语从句中担任句子成份,不可省略。
1.由who引导的定语从句中
, who用作主语 , 如 : This is the boy who often helps
me.
2.由whom引导的定语从句中,whom用作宾语,如:The man whom
you are waiting for has gone home.
3.由whose引导的定语从句中 , whose用作定语 , 如 : Do you know
the girl whose skirt is white?
4.由which引导的定语从句中,which用作主语或谓语动词的宾语或介词的宾语。
如: The room in which there is a machine is a
workshop(车间).
The river which is in front of
my house is very clean.
This is the pen which
you want.
注意 :
(1)whom, which用作介词宾语时 ,
介词可放在 whom、which之前 ,
也可放在从句原来的位置上;但在
含有介词的动词固定词组中,介词只能放在原来的位置上。
如: He is the very person whom we must take
good care of.
(2)引导非限制性定语从句时,必须用关系代词which,不用that。
如:I
have lost my bag, which I like very much.
(3)关系代词在句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须和先行词保持一致。
5.由
that引导的定语从句中,that可以指人或物,在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语,但不能放在介词后面<
br>作介词宾语,即介词后只能用which,不能用that.
如:The book that
I bought yesterday was written by Lu Xun.
注意:在下面几种情况下必须用 that引导定语从句。
(1)先行词是不定代词something, nothing,
anything,everything等,
如 :All that we have to
do is to practise English.
(2)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,
如:The first letter
that I got from him will be kept in my case .
(3)先行词被all, any, every, each, few, little, no,
some等修饰 ,
如:I have eaten up all the food that
you gave me .
(4)先行词被the only, the very, the
same, the last修饰时,
如:H e is the only person
that I want to talk with.
(5)先行词既有人又有物时,
如:They talk about persons and things that they
met .
(6)当句中已有who时 ,为避免重复 ,
如 : Who is
the man that is giving us the class?
6.由when,
where, why引导的定语从句,
如: I don't know the reason
why he was late.
This is the place where
we have lived for 5 years.
I'll never forget
the day when I met Mr Li for the first time.
注意:先行词是表示地点时,如果从句的谓语动词是及物的,就用
that(which),如果从句的谓语动词是不及
物的,就用where引导。This is
the house which that he has lived in for 15
years.(where he has lived for 15 year.)
7、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句:
(1)限制性定语从句是句中不可缺少的组成部分
,主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开,引导限制性定语从句的关系
代词有:who,whom,whose,
which,of which等,这些关系代词都不可省。
(2)非限制性定语从句是对主句先行词
的补充说明,没有这种从句,不影响主句意思的完整性,一般用逗号将
其与主句隔开,关系代词用whi
ch,不用that;指人时可用who.
Eg: I have two brothers,
who both are both students.
8、如何简化定于从句
(1)定语从句简化为形容词或形容词短语作后置定语。
Eg:My
grandfather lives in a village which is far away
from here.
→My grandfather lives in a village
far away from here.
(2)定语从句简化为现在分词或现在分词短语作前置或后置定语。
Eg:The man
who is standing under the tree is our English
teacher.
→The man standing under the tree is
our English teacher.
I saw the house that
was burning(燃烧)at that time.
→ I saw the house
burning at that time.
(3)定语从句简化为过去分词短语作后置定语。
Eg:I like to eat the cakes which are made by
my mother.
→I like to eat the cakes made by my
mother.
(4)定语从句简化为不定式作后置定语。
Eg:She is
always the first person that comes to school .主动
→She is always the first person to come to
school .
The report which will be given
tomorrow is very importance for us.被动
→The
report to be given tomorrow is very importance for
us.
(5)定语从句简化为what从句。
Eg:I couldn’t
remember the words that he said .
I couldn’t
remember what he said .
练习、I单选题
1. The silk _______ is made in Hangzhou sells
well.
A. that C. what D.
2. The
man_______today left this message for you.
called called called
3. Do you live near
the building ______color is yellow?
A. that
D. its
4. He helped his father on the farm
______they lived.
A. which D. where
5. I’m one of the boys_____never late
for school.
is is are am
6.
All_____should be done has been done.
er
7. Jack told me everything _______he knew
about it.
A. what
8. My father works
in the factory ______this type of truck is made.
where which which which
9. The
school_______we visited last week was built in
1956.
A. A and C
10. This is one
of the best films_______I have ever seen.
which that
11. In fact the Swede(瑞典人) did
not understand the three questions_______were
asked in French.
which
12. He
paid the boy $$10 for washing ten windows, most of
______ hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year.
13. His parents wouldn’t let him
play with anyone ________family was poor.
whom whose
14. All_______is needed is
a wonderful meal.
thing
15. In
the dark street ,there wasn’t a single person
_____she could turn for help.
whom
whom
16. She heard a terrible
noise,______brought her heart into her mouth.
17. -Do you know the man ______is talking with
your father?
-Yes, he‘s our
headmaster.
A. he B. who C. which
D. whom
18. Is this the river _____I can
swim?
A. which B. in which C. that
D. the one
19. This is the best hotel in
the city _____I know.
A. where B.
which C. that D. it
20. Can you
lend me the dictionary ______the other day?
A. that you bought B. you bought it
C. that you bought it D. which you bought it
21. Anyone ______with what I said may put
up you hands.
A. which agrees B. who
agree
C. who agrees D. which agree
22. My watch is not the only thing ______
is missing.
A. that B. it C.
which D. who
23. The man ______coat is
black is waiting at the gate
A. who’ s
B. whose C. that D. of which.
24. The
girl ______ is reading under the tree _____my
sister.
A. which; is B. whom; was
C. who; is D. who; was
25. I love
places ______the people are really friendly.
A. that B. which C. where D. who
26. The world ______ is made up of matter.
A. in that we live B. on which we live
C. where we live in D. we live in
II
用适当的关系词填空:
1) I’ll never forget the day on
________ they met for the very first time last
summer.
2) This is the place _________ he so
often mentioned(提及、谈论) to me.
3) The only
thing ________ interested him was that he could do
anything _________ he wanted to.
4) “What a
scientist! What a wonderful invention!” he talked
excitedly about Bill Gates and his Microsoft
Comp
-any _________ is now a focus (焦点) of
newspapers and television.
5) He is old,
________ fact is important in this case.
6)
Finally, the thief handed everything __________ he
had stolen.
7) We talked about the things and
persons _________ we saw then.
8) With
_________ were you talking?
9) This is the
very present __________ my mother gave me.
10)
Which is the bike __________ is made in Shanghai?
11) I think this is the most beautiful dress
______ I own.
12) Those _______ want to buy
the house may sign their names(签名)first.
13)
My sister, __________ you met in Guangzhou, has
bought a new car.
14) That’s the way _______
they work.
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流逝近义词-冷菜
毒蛾-四级听力分值
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羚羊英语-倘若
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