定语从句讲解和经典例题

定语从句基本知识
所谓从句，就是一个主谓结构相当于整个句子(这样的句子 叫复合句)的一个成分，因此，从句不
能单独使用。在复合句中修饰名词或代词、作定语的句子叫定语从 句。定语从句是中国人学英语的
难点之一。
其实定语从句很有规律，总结如下:
在 关系代词中that既可指人又可指物、既可作主语又可作宾语，因此，除了在非限定性定语从句
中，用 that一般不会出问题。
关系副词的用法比较单一，它们从句中只起状语的作用，表示时间的就用w hen，表示地点的就用
where，而why只修饰一个词，即reason。
定语从句所修饰的词叫“先行词”，因为它总是处在定语从句的前头，比定语从句先行一步。
引导定语从句的词叫关系词，包括关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词：
who，which，that作从句的主语
whom，which，that作从句的宾语(可省略)
whose从句中作定语
关系副词：
When, where, why 在从句中作状语
一、关系代词引导的定语从句
1. That:代表的先行词为人或物，在从句中做主语，宾语和表语。
He is the man that is good at English.
There are some films that I’d like to see.
He isn’t the boy that he used to be.
注意：that引导定语从句时：
1）作宾语时that可省略。
2）That前不可用介词。
在定语从句中，下列情况的关系词宜用that而不用which
1) 当先行词被all, every, no , some, few , little, much, both等修饰时，例如：
This is all that I want to say at the meeting.
2) 当先行词被the last , the very 和the only修饰时。例如：
This is the very pen that I am looking for.
3) 当先行词有序数词时。例如：
You are the first person that I want to ask for.
4) 当先行词为anything、everything、nothing时，例如：
Everything that can be done has been done.
5) 先行词有最高级形容词修饰时，例如：
Edison was one of the greatest inventors that ever lived.
6) 当先行词既指人又指物时。例如：
The professor and his achievement that I heard about are admired by them .
: 代表的先行词为物，在从句中做主语，宾语
The film which I saw last night was wonderful.
Guilin is a city which has a 200-year history.
注意：1）作宾语时，which可以省略。
2）Which 也可以代替前面的一个句子或句中的一部分

定语从句中用用which而不用that的情况
1). 在非限制性定语从句
They have three houses, which are built of stone.
2). 当关系代词前有介词时
This is the factory in which we once worked.
3). 当关系代词后面带有插入语时
Here is the English grammar book which, as I have told you, will help improve your English.
I've bought you some books which I think may interest you.
; :代表的先行词为人，在从句中做主语和宾语。
Where is the man who was here?
He is the man who I talked with just now.
; 代表的先行词为人或物，在从句中做定语。
I saw the man whose face is red.
This is the window whose glass was broken.
: 代表的先行词为人，在从句中做宾语.
Where is the man whom I met this morning ?
只用who, whom.而不用that的情况
如果先行词是anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody, those, ones等时，关系代
词应该用 who 或whom，例如：
Is there anyone here who will go with you?
6. 在same, so和such之后，定语从句用as引导， 例如：
I’ve never heard such stories as he tells. 我从来没听说过他讲的这种故事。
I shall be surprised if he does this in the same way as I do.
注意：
1). 当先行词由the same修饰时，偶尔也用that引导定语从句，但是和由as所引导的定语从句意思
不同
①She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary’s wedding.
②She wore the same dress as her young sister wore.
2). So such … as 与so such … that 的区别
This is so interesting a book that I can't put it down.
This is so interesting a book as I can't put down.
二、关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词引导定语从句在从句中分别表示时间．地点或原因。关 系副词when在从句中充当时间状语，
where 充当地点状语，why充当原因状语。
1. when指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语
The time when we got together finally came.
注意：当先行词为 by the time ,any time , the way, every time, the first time ,the last time 时，关系
词不用when而用that或者省略
This is the last time that I shall give you a lesson.
By the time he was 14 he had learned advanced mathematics
2. where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语
Shanghai is the city where I was born.
3. why指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语
Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.

是用关系代词还是用关系副词：
用关系代词还是用关系副词；
一要看关系词在从句当中作什么成分；
二要看关系词所代表的是人、物、时间、地点还是原因；
三要看所引导的是限定性定语从句还是非限定性定语从句。
所以同样的先行词会有不同的关系词，这是因为关系词在从句当中担当的作用不同而决定的。
This is the room wherein which we’ll celebrate the New Year.
这是我们将要在里面庆贺新年的房间。（充当地点状语）
This is the room(that which)we’ll celebrate the New Year in.
这是我们将要在里面庆贺新年的房间。（充当介词宾语，可省略。）
This is the room which that will be used for the celebration of the New Year.
这是那个将要被用来庆贺新年的房间。（充当主语）
This is the room (whichthat) we’ll use for the New Year dinner party.
这是我们将要用来举行新年晚宴的房间。（充当宾语，可省略。）
三、一些特殊形式
1. 以the way为先行词的定语从句通常由in which, that引导，而且通常可以省略。
The way in which that. he answered the question was surprising.
2. 先行词是situation，stage， case， point等名词，强调一个特定的地点或场合时，关系副词用where
We're just trying to reach a point where both sides will sit down together and talk.
Can you think of a situation where this phrase can be used.
四、非限制性定语从句
定语从句有时跟先行词的关系并不十分密切，只是作一些附加说明，不 起限制作用，这种从句称
为非限制性定语从句。这类从句往往用逗号与主句分开。
1. 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别：

形式上
意义上
译法上
关系词
的使用
限制性定语从句
不用逗号和主句隔开
是先行词不可缺少的定语，不能删
除
翻译成先行词的定语，“…的…”
A．做宾语时可省略 B.可用that
C．可用who代替whom
非限制性定语从句
用逗号和主句隔开
是对先行词的补充说明，删除后意思仍完
整
通常翻译成主句的并列句
A．不可省 B.不用that
C.不用who代替whom
例如：
China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful.
2. as和which指整个主句的内容，引导非限制性定语从句的区别
as和which指整个主句的内容，引导非限制性定语从句有时可以通用。
1）as引导的定语从句可以位于句首、句中；which 引导的定于从句一般只位于句中，不置于句首。
As we have seen, oceans cover more than 70％of the earth.
China is a country which has a long history.
2）as用于引导定语从句时，具有“正如??、像??、由??而知”等语义。如：
He was strongly against the plan, as could be expected.
As he hoped, he saw the girl.
3）as引导的定语从句常与know, see, report, say, expect, announce等动词连用
______ we all know ,China is a country with a long history.
China is a country with a long history, _______is known to us all.

Tom did not pass the exam, ________ made his mother very angry.
The road was too slippery, _______ caused lots of accidents.
五、介词+关系代词引导的定语从句
介词+关系代词引导的定语从句 是同学们学习定语从句中的难点之一.这种定语从句多用于正式文
体中,其使用的关系代词一般是whi ch, whom,间或是whose,它既可以引导限制性定语从句,又可以引
导非限制性定语从句. 常见的有以下几种结构:
1. 介词+关系代词例如:
In Barcelona the Chinese team got 16 gold medals, of which 12 were won by women.
2. 名词+介词+关系代词.
这种结构常可替换为名词结构.例如:
I have a dictionary, the cover of which is black.
(= I have a dictionary of which the cover is black.)
(= I have a dictionary whose cover of black.)
我有一本字典,它的封面是黑色的。
3. 数字+ 介词+ 关系代词例如:
Last Sunday I bought some books from the bookstore, three of which were English novels.
上个星期天,我从书店买回几本书,其中三本是英文小说。
4. 代词+介词+关系代词例如:
The old man has two daughters, both of whom are doctors.那位老人有两个女儿,她们都是大夫.
5. 形容词最高级+介词+关系代词例如:
China has thousands of islands, the largest of which is Taiwan.
中国有成千上万的岛屿,其中最大的是台湾岛。
6. 介词+关系代词+名词例如:
He spent four years in college, during which time he studied medicine.
他上了四年大学,这期间他学了医学。
7. “介词＋whose ＋名词”结构， 例如：
Mr．Brown is a man on whose words you may rely.布朗先生是一位可以信得过的人。
六、定语从句和易混句型
1．定语从句与并列句（注意用标点符号和连接词and, but等来区别。）
Li has three daughters, none of whom is an engineer.
Li has three daughters, but none of them is a dancer.
Li has three daughters; none of them are doctors.
2. 定语从句与地点状语从句（看是否有先行词，如果有，就是定语从句，如果没有，就是状语从
句）
He left the key where he had been an hour ago. （状语从句）
He left the place where he lived for many years.（定语从句）
3. 定语从句与强调句
强调句型可以还原成正常语序的句子，也就是说，强调句型中去掉It be… that后，句子仍然通顺，
意义也依然完整，只是没有那么强调突出。而定语从句去掉了It be… that后句子就不完整了。
1). It is on the morning of May 1st _____ I met John at the airport.
It is the morning of May 1st _____ I met John at the airport.
2). It is in the factory _______John works.
It is the factory _______John works.
3). It was 5 o’clock in the morning _____he arrived home.

4. 定语从句与习惯句型.
注意固定句型：It is the firstsecondthird time that+ 从句（从句用现在完成时）
is the first time ______she has been in Shanghai.
was the time _______Chinese people had a hard life.
经典试题
1. I refuse to accept the blame for something ________was someone else’s fault.
A. who B. that C. as D. what
2. That’s the new machine ______ parts are too small to be seen.
A. that B. which C. whose D. What
3. Women drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart
disease than those don’t.?
; B. who C. who;who D.
4. A computer is so useful a machine we can use everywhere.
A. that B. which C. as D. what
5. —— Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut?
—— You should try the barber’s I go. It’s only 15.
A. as B. which C. where D. that
6. They will fly to Washington, they plan to stay for two or three days.

7. The Science Museum， we visited during a recent trip to Britain，is one of London’s tourist
attractions.

8. Chan’s restaurant on Baker Street， used to be poorly run，is now a successful business.?

9. She’ll never forget her stay there _ __ she found her son who had gone missing two years before.
A. that B. which C. where D. when
10. Occasions are quite rare I have the time to spend a day with my kids.

11. Anyway, that evening, ____ I’ll tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Rachel’s place.
A. when B. where C. what D. which
12. I enjoyed very much the three years ______ it had taken me to study English at school.
A. which B. what C. when D. how
13. Is this the reason ______ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?
A. he explained B. what he explained
C. how he explained D. why he explained
14. It’s helpful to put children in a situation they can see themselves differently.
A. that B. when C. which D. where
15. She’s in a hopeless situation, ________ we will keep a very close eye on.?
A. where B. when C. which D. that?
16. I have reached a point in my life ______ I am supposed to make decisions of my own.
A. which B. where C. how D. why
17. ——Do you have anything to say for yourselves?
——Yes, there’s one point ________ we must insist on

A. why B. where C. how D.
18. Life is like a long race _____we compete with others to go beyond ourselves.
A. why B. what C. that D. where
19. —What do you think of teacher ,Bob？
---I find it fun and challenging. It is a job ___ you are doing something serious but interesting .
A. where B. which C. when D. that
21. All the neighbors admire this family, the parents are treating their child like a friend.?

22. Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers consumer complaints have resulted in
changes in the law.

23. Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity sight matters more than
hearing.?

24. I don’t like you speak to her.
A. the way B. the way in that C. the way which D. the way of which
25. What surprised me was not what he said but _________ he said it. （2004湖北）
A. the way B. in the way that C. in the way D. the way which
26. Wind power is an ancient source of energy we may return in the near future.
A. on which B. by which C. to which D. from which
27. Gun control is a subject Americans have argued for a long time.
A. of which B. with which C. about which D. into which
28. The newly built café, the walls of_______ are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us.
A. that B. it C. what D. which
29. She brought with her three friends, none of I had ever met before.
A. them B. who C. whom D. these
30. The man pulled out a gold watch， were made of small diamonds.?
hands of whom the hands of?
the hands of hands of which
31. Last week, only two people came to look at the house, wanted to buy it.?
A. none of them B. both of them?
C. none of whom D. neither of whom
32. I was given three books on cooking，the first I really enjoyed.?
A. of that B. of which C. that D. which
33. Eric received training in computer for one year, he found a job in a big company.?
A. after that B. after which? C. after it D. after this
34. The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, ______ the sailing time was 226 days.
A. of which B. during which C. from which D. for which
35. That is the small house less than 20 square meters, under ______ roof lives a large family of three
generations.
A. which B. whose C. its D. that
36. After graduating from college, I took some time off to go travelling, turned out to be a wise
decision.
A. that B. which C. when D. where
37. As a child, Jack studied in a village school, _____ is named after his grandfather.

A. which B. where C. what D. that
38. Whenever I met her, _________ was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile.
A. who B. which C. when D. that
39. The Beatles, many of you are old enough to remember，came from Liverpool.?
A. what B. that C. how D. as
40. ________ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan. （2004江苏）
A. Which B. When C. What D. As
41. The doctor advised Vera strongly that she should take a holiday, but _______ didn’t help.
A. it B. she C. which D. he
42. It is morning _____ we have four classes, not afternoon.
A. when B. which C. that
It is in the morning that we have four classes. 强调句型

D. why