2017高一英语定语从句讲解

2017高一英语定语从句讲解

定语从句讲解

1．定语从句：复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从
句。
Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase which was very
reasonable.
Those who work hard will make progress.
2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
3．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
1）关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有
that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有
when, where, why等。
2） 关系词通常有下列三个作用：A、引导定语从句；B、
代替先行词；C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。例 如：
The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policema
n. 该句, who is shaking hands with my father 是定语从句，
修饰先行词the man， “who”是引导定语从句的关系词，代
替先行词the man，在定语从句中作主语。
（二）关系代词引导的定语从句
1．who 指人，在定语从句中作主语、宾语。
The boys who are playing football are from Class One.
Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way. 昨天
我帮助了一位迷路的老人。
2．whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。
The professor ( whom ) you are waiting for has come. 你
正在等的教授已经来了。
The girl ( whom ) the teacher often praises is our monitor.
注意：关系代词whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来
代替，也可省略。但直接介词后只用whom,不可省略。
The man ( whom who )you met just now is my old frien
d.
The man to whom you talked just now is my old friend.
（whom不可省略）
3．which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可
省略。或在非限制定语从句中代替整个主句。
Football is a game which is liked by most boys.
This is the pen ( which ) he bought yesterday.
He failed the exam again ,which made his father angry.
4．that 指人时，相当于who 或whom；指物时，相当于which.。
在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。
The number of people that who come to visit this city each ye
ar reaches one million.
Where is the man (that whom) I saw this morning? 我今天早
上看到的那个人在哪儿？
Yesterday I received a letter that which came from Australia.
5．whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。
I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country. 我
拜访了一个全国知名的科学家。

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I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in. 我曾经住在那
幢屋顶已经倒塌了的房子里。
注意：指物时，常用下列结构来代替：
We live in a house,__________ windows face the sea.
We live in a house,___________ the windows face the sea.
We live in a house, the windows__________ face the sea
We live in a beautiful house, and the windows _________ face
the sea
Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?=_____________ ____
____=_________________
（三）“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关
系代词”引出。
The school (which that) he once studied in is very famous.
=The school in which he once studied is very famous. 他曾经
就读过的学校很出名。
This is the boy (whom who that) I played tennis with yeste
rday.
=This is the boy with whom I played tennis yesterday. 这是
我昨天跟他打台球的男孩。
The manager whose company I work in pays much attention
to improving our working conditions.
=The manager in whose company I work pays much attentio
n to improving our working conditions.
注意：１． 含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短
语动词的后面。如：look for, look after, take care of 等。
This is the watch (which that) I am looking for. (正) 这
是我正在找的手表。
This is the watch for which I am looking . (误)
The babies (whom who that) the nurse is looking after are
very healthy. (正)

The babies after whom the nurse is looking are very healthy.
（误）
２．若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用whom，
不可用who, that；关系代词指物时只可用which，不可用
that。关系代词是所有格时用whose。
The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbour. (
正)
The man with that who you talked just now is my neighbou
r. (误)
The plane in which we flew to Canada was really comfortabl
e. (正)
The plane in that we flew to Canada was really comfortable.
(误)
３．“介词+关系代词”前还可有
some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each, few等
代词或者数词。如：

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He loves his parents deeply, both of whom =( …)are very kin
d to him.
In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which=
（…） have gone bad.

Up to now, he has written ten stories, three of which are abou
t country life.
（四）关系副词引导的定语从句
1． when 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。
I still remember the day when=(…) I first came to this sch
ool.
The time when we got together finally arrived. 我们团
聚的时刻终于到了。
2． where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。
Shanghai is the city where I was born. 上海是我出生的城
市。
The house where=(…) I lived ten years ago has been pulled d
own.
I visited the farm where=(…) a lot of cows were raised .
3． why 指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。
Please tell me the reason why=(…) you missed the plane. 请
告诉我你误机的原因。
I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today. 我不
知道他今天为什么看上去不愉快。
注意：关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用“介词+关系代
词”引导的定语从句来表示。如：
Great changes are taking place in the city where in whic
h they live.
The reason why for which he refused the invitation is qui
te clear.
（五）限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句
形式上：不用逗号“，”与主句隔开。
意义上：是先行词不可缺少的定语，如删除，主句则失去意
义或意思表达不完整。
译法上：译成先行词的定语：“．．．的”
关系词的使用上：A．作宾语时可省略 B．可用that C．可
用who 代替whom
非限制性定语从句
形式上：用逗号“，”与主句隔开。
意义上：只是对先行词的补充说明，如删除，主句仍能表达
完整的意思。
译法上：通常译成主句的并列句。
关系词的使用上：A．不可省略 B．不用that C．不
可用who 代替whom
限制性定语从句举例：
The teacher told me that Tom was the person (thatwhowho
m)I could depend on.

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China is a country whichthat has a long history. 中国是一
个历史悠久的国家。
非限制性定语从句举例 ：
His mother, who (不用
that)loves him very much, is strict with him.
China, which（不用
that） was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more pow
erful.
I visited the People’s Great Hall, in which many important
meetings are held every year.
使用定语从句须注意的几个问题:
（一）限制性定语从句中只能用that 引导定语从句的情况
1．当先行词是everything, anything, nothing (something 除
外), all, none, few, little, some等不定代词时，或当先行词受
every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等代词修饰时。如：
Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li said? 李老师讲
的你都记下来了吗？
All that can be done has been done. 所有能做的都做好了。
There is little that I can do for you. 我不能为你干什么。
He stayed in the library and looked up any information that t
hey needed. 注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可用关系代词
who，如：
Any man that who has a sense of duty won’t do such a thing
.

All the guests that who were invited to her wedding were im
portant people.
2．当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。如：
The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.
This is the best film that I have ever seen. 这是我看过的最
好的电影。
3．当先行词被the very, the only，the last修饰时。如：
This is the very dictionary that I want to buy. 这正是我要买
的词典。
After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that h
e owns.
注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可用关系代词who。如：
Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend th
e meeting.
4．当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时。如：
Who is the man that is standing by the gate? 站在门口的那
个人是谁？
Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? 哪件T恤衫最合我的
身？
5．当先行词既有人又有物时。如：
They talked about the persons and things that they remembe
red at school

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Look at the man and his donkey that are walking up the stre
et.
另外：1)直接介词后只用whichwhom,作定语可用whose，
不用who和tha t
2)that 不引导非限制定语从句
3）that和who都可以指人，但下面两种情况，多用
who。①先行词为all, anyone, one, ones等时。如：All who
heard the news were excited.②先行词为those, he和people
时。如：
Those who want to go please sign your names here.
He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.
（二）关系代词as和which 引导的定语从句
as 和which 引导非限制性定语从句时， 其用法有相同之处，
也有不同之处。具体情况是：
1. as 和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或宾语，代表前
面整个句子。如：
He married her, as which was natural. 他跟她结婚了，这是
很自然的事。
He is honest, as which we can see. 他很诚实， 这一点我们看
得出来。
2. as 引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前、主句之
后，甚至还可以分割主句。 which 引导的非限制性定语从句
只可放在主句之后。另外，as 常常有“正如、正像”的含义，
用于一些固定结构。如：as anybody can see 正如人人都能
看到的那样
as is well known = as is known to all 众所周知
as we had expected 正如我们所预料的那样
as often happens 正如经常发生的那样
as has been said before如上所说
as is mentioned above正如上面提到的
As（不用
which） is known to all, China is a developing country.
He is from the south, as（可用
which） we can know from his accent.
John, as you know, is a famous writer. 正如你所知， 约翰是
个著名作家。
Zhang Hua has been to Paris more than ten times, which I do
n’t believe.
注意：当主句和从句之间存在着逻辑上的因果关系时，关系
词往往只用which。如：
Tom was late for school again and again, which(不用
as) made his teacher very angry.

These tables are made of metal, which made them very heavy
.
3. 当先行词受such, the same ,as修饰时，关系词常用
as。 如：
I’ve never heard such stories as he tells. 我从未听过象他讲

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的这样的故事。
He is not such a fool as he looks. 他可不象他看上去的那样
傻。
This is the same dictionary as I lost last week. 这部词典跟我
上星期丢失的一样。
注意：当先行词受the same 修饰时，偶尔也用 that引导定语
从句，但与as引导的定语从句意思有区别。如：
She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary’s wedding.
她穿着她在玛丽婚礼上穿过的同一条连衣裙。
She wore the same dress as her younger sister wore. 她穿着
跟她妹妹所穿的同样的连衣裙。
(三) 以the way为先行词的限制性定语从句做状语时通常
由in which或that引导，而且通常可以省略。如：
The way (that in which ) he answered the questions was sur
prising.
I don’t like the way (that in which) you laugh at her. 我
不喜欢你冲她的样子。
但The way _____he explained to us was not practical.
（四）关系代词与关系副词的选择
用关系代词还是关系副词引导定语从句主要看关系词在定
语从句中的作用（即所担当的成分）。试比较：
A. I know a place _____ we can have a picnic. 我知道一个
我们可以野炊的地方。
I know a place______ is famous for its beautiful natural sc
enery.
B. I will never forget the days ____ we spent our holidays to
gether.
I will never forget the days_____we spent together. 我
永远忘不了我们一起度过的日子。
C. This is the reason____ he was dismissed. 这就是他
被解雇的原因。
This is the reason______ he explained to me for his not att
ending the meeting.
........................ 附加内
容................................................ .................................................. ..
.
（五）定语从句与同位语从句的区别
1．定语从句修饰限定先行词，它对先 行词修饰限制；同位语
从句解释先行词的具体内容，它对先行词解释说明。
The plane that has just taken off is for Paris. （_____从
句）
The fact that he has already died is quite clear. （____从
句）
2．定 语从句关系词在从句中担当相应的句子成分，关系代词
在从句中作宾语时经常可省略。同位语从句主要由 连词
that 引导时，在从句中一般不担当成分；有时也由
where, when, how, who, whether, what 等连词引导，这些连
词则在从句中担当成分。

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The news that he has just died is true. （____从句） 他
刚刚去世了，这个消息是真的。
The news that he told me is true. （____从句） 他
告诉我的消息是真的。
The problem how we can collect so much money is diffic
ult to solve. （_____从句）
The question that he raised puzzled all of us. （____从
句） 他提出的问题让我们很为难。
The question whether he is sure to win the game is hard t
o answer. （____从句）
3．同位语从句与先行词一般可以用动词be发展成一个
表语从句, 而定语从句则不能。
如： A. The idea that he we could ask the teacher for advice i
s wonderful. （同位语从句）
The idea was that we could ask the teacher for advice.
B. Pay attention to the problem how we can protect the
wild animals. （同位语从句）
The problem is how we can protect the wild animals.
（六）定语从句与状语从句，强调句型等的区别及须区分的
几点：
is such a good student _____we all like .(____从句)
He is such a good student _____ we all like him (____从句)
is the house _____ we lived in 5 years ago.(____从句)
Put a mark _____ you have questions .(_____从句)
which which
is the street ______I lost my bike.(_______)
It is in the street ______I lost my bike .(________)
It was 8 o’clock________I went home.(_________)
It was at 8 o’clock______I went home.(__________)
this the book _____you are looking for?
Is the book _____ you are looking for?
A. that one D. for which
is one of the students who _____ been admitted to
Beijing University.(定语从句主谓一致)
Tom is the one of the students who _____ been admitted to
Beijing University.
Those who ___ against the plan put up your hands.
6. The earth is round, ___ we all know.=___ is known to all,
the earth is round.
=___ is known to all that the earth is round.=_____is known
to all is that the earth is round.
7. 当先行词为time，表示“次数”时，应用关系词that 或省
略。如：
This is the first time (that) the president has visited the
country.
It is time that you _______ (get) up.

定语从句

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1．This is the best factory ____we visited last year .
A. where B. which C. in which D. that
this the factory ____computers are built ?
A. that B. which C. in which D. in that
pass me the dictionary ____cover is red .
A. whose C. which D. which of
man ____has arrived .
A. whom I told you B. that I told you
C. whom I told you about him D. I told you about
5. Do you know the comrade ____we are talking ?
A. to whom B. to who C. whom D. to that
6. They visited the house ___the great writer was born .
A. from where B. in which C. which D. in where
7. The comrade ___is speaking at the meeting is my teacher .
A. whom B. which C. who D. whose
8. He asked us to watch carefully everything ___he did in
class .
A. who B. that C. what D. where
9. I’ll visit the professor tomorrow ,___he will be back from
Shanghai .
A. who B. that C. when D. which
school ___I study is a new one .
A. on which B. at where C. on that D. at
which
11. China has many islands,____the largest is Taiwan .
A. in which B. at which C. which D. of which
12. The city ____my mother grew up is not far from here .
A. what B. where C. that D. which
13. Our teacher lives in the house ____door faces to the
north .
A. which B. his C. that D. whose
14. Do you know the man ___your father nodded ?
A. whom B. to whom C. to who D. about
whom
ing is a sport in ___people easily get hurt .
A. that B. when C. which D. what
16. I told you ____I know .
A. all that B. all which C. all what D. all
whom
has a lot of famous writers ,one ___is Lu Xun .
A. of which B. of whom C. of who D. of them
18. Is this factory ____we visited last year ?
A. in which B. around that C. whom D. the
one
19. Who is the man ____was there ?
A. who B. which C. that D. whom
20. Is there anything ____I can do for you, sir ?
A. that B. which C. whose D. who

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21. I still remember the day ____she first wore that green
dress .
A. which B. in which C. on that D. on
which
22. The knife ____we used to cut the bread is very sharp .
A. with which B. with it C. with that D. which
23. The games ____the young men competed in were
difficult .
A. in which B. which C. it D. who
rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going
to the park..
A. that B. which C. as D. it
25. George Mallory was an English school teacher _____
loved climbing.
A. who B. whom C. he D.
which
定语从句答案:
1-5DCADA 6-10 BCBCD 11-15 DBDBC 16-20 ABDCA 21-
25 DABBA
用适当的词填空：
1. The boys are playing football are from Class One.
2. Yesterday I helped an old man lost his way.
3. Mr. Liu is the person you talked about on the bus.
4. Mr. Ling is just the boy I want to see.
5. Football is a game is liked by most boys.
6. This is the pen he bought yesterday.
7. The number of the people come to visit the city each year rises one million.
8. Where is the man I saw this morning?
9. He has a friend father is a doctor.
10. I once lived in a house roof has fallen in.
11. The classroom door is broken will soon be repaired.
12. The classroom the door of is broken will soon be repaired.
13. Do you like the book cover is yellow?
14. Do you like the book the color of is yellow?
15. The school he once studied in is very famous.
16. The school he once studied is very famous.
17. Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine you asked for.
18. Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for you asked.
19. We'll go to hear the famous singer we have often talked about.
20. We'll go to hear the famous singer about we have often talked.
21. This is the watch I am looking for.
22. The man with you talked is my friend.
23. The plane in we flew to Canada is very comfortable.
24. He loved his parents deeply, both of are very kind to him.
25. In the basket there are quite many apples, some of have gone bad.
26. There are forty students in our class in all, most of are from big cities.
27. In the dark street, there wasn't a single person to________ she could turn for help.
28. I still remember the day I first came to the school.

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29. The time we got together finally came.
30. Shanghai is the city

I was born.


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