高考定语从句知识讲解

定语从句
一. 复合句定义

复合句又称主从复合句，有一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。
主句为句子的主体，从句 不能独立，只用作句子的一个成分，如主语，表语，宾语，
介词宾语，定语，同位语，状语等。从句担任 的是哪个句子成分，这个从句就叫做该成
分的从句。如主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句等。



二. 定语从句定义


在句子中起到定语的作用，修饰句中的名词或代词的从句称为定语从句。

被修饰的名词或代词被称为先行词。定语从句一般位于先行词的后面。

定语从句由 关系代词或关系副词引导。当关系代词作定语从句的主语时，其后的谓
语动词的人称和数取决于先行词的 人称和数。

关系代(副)词是定语从句的连接枢纽，在定语从句中起了三层作用：①引导定 语从
句，②替代先行词，③在从句中作成分。关系代词代替先行词在从句中作主语、宾语等；
关 系副词代替先行词在定语从句中作状语。
关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作什么
成分是判断该用 关系代词还是关系副词的依据。因此把先行词正确还原到定语从
句中是做定语从句题很重要的一个技巧。




三. 关系代词引导的定语从句

先行词是人或事物的名词或代词；并在句中作主语，宾语，表语，定语。

关系代词
who
whom
whose
which
that


eg. The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.
和我父亲握手的那个人是警察。
eg. That is the man who teaches us English.
那位就是叫我们英语的老师。
意义
指人，在从句中作主语或宾语
指人，在从句中作宾语，常可以省略
通常指人，也可以指物，在从句中作定语
指物，在从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可以省略
通常指事物，也可指人，在从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略

eg. Those who wish to go to the museum must be at the gate by 7:00 a.m.
想去博物馆的人必须早上七点到大门口集合。
eg. Mr. Smith (whom) you met yesterday is a friend of mine.
你昨天遇见的那位史密斯先生是我的一位朋友。
eg. The singer (whom) you wish to see has come.
你想见的那位歌手已经来了。
eg. This is the basketball player whose name is known all over the country.
这就是那位闻名全国的篮球手。
eg. Nobody wants the house whose roof has fallen in.
没人愿意要这个屋顶已经倒塌的房子。
eg. Guilin is a city which has a history of 2000 years. 桂林是座具有2000年历史的城市。
eg. A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of the words. 字典是解释词语的书。
eg. The young lady was very happy to get back the gold ring(which) she had lost on the
train. 那位年轻的女式领回了丢在火车上的金戒指，非常高兴。
eg. There are some films (that) I’d like to see. 有几部电影我很想去看。
eg. She is the only one among us that know French. 她是我们当中唯一懂法语的人。



五. 关系代词that与which的区别

1. 只用which不用that的情况
1
which可引导非限制性定语从句，that则不能。 ○
eg. He had failed in the maths exam, which made his father very angry.
他数学考试没及格，这是他父亲很生气。
2
which之前可以有介词，that之前不能有介词。 ○
eg. This is the house in which Lu Xun used to live. 这是鲁迅过去居住的房子。

2. that和which都指物时，在以下四种情况下用that而不能用which。
【观察】
1. Is there anything（that） I can do for you in town?
2. All the books that have selected are useful ones.
3. The first thing（that） we should do is to work out the plan.
4. The last place that we visited in the countryside was a farm.
5. This is one of the most exciting table tennis games that I have ever seen.
6. This is the just thing (that)I need.
7. They talked about the persons and things that they remembered at school.


【归纳】

1
当先行词是everything，something，anything，all，much，li ttle，few等不定代词时 ○
eg. That is all that I want to say. 那就是我想要说的。
eg. There is nothing that can prevent him from doing it. 没什么能阻止他做那件事。
eg. There was little that I could do for you. 我不能为你做什么。

2
先行词被序数词修饰时 ○
eg. The first place that they visited Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.
在桂林他们参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。
3
先行词被形容词最高级修饰时 ○
eg. This is the best film that I have ever seen. 这部电影是我看过的最好的一部。
4
先行词被the very， the only， the just等修饰时 ○
eg. This is the very dictionary (that ) I want to buy. 这正是我要买的字典。
eg. Mr. Smith is the only foreigner (that) he knows.
史密斯先生是他认识的唯一一位外国人。
5
如果出现两个或两个以上的先行词，并同时兼指人和物时，关系代词用that。 ○
eg. They talked about the persons and things that they remembered at school.
他们谈论着记忆中学校里的人和事。
eg. Look at the man and his donkey that are walking up the street.
你看正在街上走的的那个人和那头驴子。
6
当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时。如： ○
eg. Who is the man that is standing in front of the crowd? 站在窗户那边的人是谁？
eg. Which is the room that Mr. Wang lives in? 王先生住的屋子是哪间？
7
当先行词在句中作表语时。 ○
eg. Mary is no longer the girl (that) she used to be. 玛丽已经不是以前的那个她了。
eg. China is no longer the country that it used to be. 中国不再是以前的老样子了。


六. 关系副词引导的定语从句

先行词是时间，地点，原因方面的名词，还原到从句中后在从句中作状语。

关系副词 意义
when 表示时间
其先行词往往是表示时间的词，如time，day， year，hour等
where 表示地点
其先行词往往是表示地点的名词，如place，room，house，street，area等
why 表示原因
常用在先行词reason后面

eg. October 1, 1949 was the day when the People’s Republic of China was founded.
1949年10月1日是中华人民共和国成立的日子。
eg. From the time when he was little, he had known what he wanted to be when he grew
up. 从小时候起，他就已经知道长大后做什么。
eg. This is the place where I was born. 这就是我出生的地方。
eg. Is this the room where we were living last winter?
这就是我们去年冬天住过的地方吗？
eg. I don’t know the reason why she looks unhappy today.
我不知道为什么她今天看起来不高兴。
eg. The reason why he said that is quite clear. 他为什么那样说的理由是十分清楚的。

七. 关系代词前带介词的定语从句

关系代词which，whom在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，通常由“介词 + whichwhom”
引出。

eg. Great changes are taking place in the city in which they live.
他们所居住的城市正经历着巨大的变化。
eg. The film of which I’m speaking is to be shown at the people’s Cinema next week.
我正在谈到的这部电影下星期在人民电影院上映。
eg. This is the teacher from whom we’ve learn a lot.
这就是我们从他那里学到很多东西的那位老师。
eg. The policeman with whom Mr. Henry is talking in the office is a friend of mine.
正在办公室与亨利先生谈话的那位警察是我的一位朋友。
(这类从句中的介词也可以放在从句的末尾，这时的关系代词可以省略)
eg. The situation ( which ) we had got into was very dangerous.
我们当时的处境很危险。
eg. The man ( whom ) we sent the present to is a doctor of laws.
我们寄给他礼物的那个人是位法学博士。

定语从句也可以由“名词代词数词 + 介词 + whichwhom”引出
eg. The house the windows of which were damaged has now been repaired.
窗子遭破坏的那座房子现在已经修理好了。
eg. We have two spare rooms upstairs, neither of which has been much used in the past
two years. 我们楼上有两间空房，过去两年内都没怎么用过。



八. 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
(一)限制性定语从句
有些定语从句对先行词有限定作 用，使该词的含义更具体，更明确，这种定语从句
称为限制性定语从句。这类从句不能省掉，否则句子的 意思就不完整。
eg. Do you remember the teacher who taught us English at middle school?
你记得中学教我们英语的那位老师吗？
eg. He is the man (whom) I want to see. 他就是我要见的那个人。

注意：限制性定语从句与主句之间不能用逗号隔开。
限制性定语从句修饰的是名词或代词。
限制性定语从句中的关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略。

(二)非限制性定语从句
定语从句有时跟先行词的关系不十分密切，只是做一些附加说明，不 起限制作用，
这种从句称为非限制性定语从句。这类从句往往用逗号与主句隔开。
eg. Mr. Zhang, who came to see me yesterday, is an old friend of my father’s.
张先生昨天来看我，他是父亲的一位老朋友。

eg. We walked down the village street, where they were having market day.
我们沿着村子的大街走去，村民们正在那里赶集。

注意：有时这种定语从句修饰的 不是前面某一个词，而是代表整个主句所讲的内容，通
常用逗号与主句分开。
eg. He gave his mother a colour TV for her birthday, which pleased her a lot.
他送给母亲一台彩电作为生日礼物，这使她非常高兴。



九. 关系代词as引导的定语从句

1. 在限制性定定语从句中中，as多和suchthe same连用。从句中谓语动词常省略。

eg. I hope to get such a dictionary as he is using.
我想得到想他正在使用的那样的字典。
eg. We will give you such information as will help you in your work.
我们将向你们提供有助于你们工作的资料。
eg. Such people as（people such as）were recommended by him were professors of the
university. 他推荐的这些人都是大学的教授。
eg. This is the same thing as we are in need of. 这和我们所需要的相同。

注：当先行词被the same such修饰时，定语从句需用as引导。

eg. We do the same work as they (do). 我们和他们干同样的活儿。
eg. He is not the man as he was. 他和从前不一样了。

2. 在非限制性定语从句中，as所指的是它前面的整个主句。

①此时的as仍具有“正如，像，由…而知”等某些连词的意思，翻译时有时可不译出。
eg. She is very patient ，as is shown in her work.
她很有耐心，正如她工作室所表现出来的。
eg. We jumped for joy at the news, as was natural.
我们听到消息时高兴地跳了起来，这是很自然的事情。

②as从句可以前置（which从句不可以）
eg. As can be seen，oceans cover more than 70% of the earth.
可以看出，海洋覆盖了地球表面70%的面积。

③句法上as常用作一些实意动词的宾语（ see，know，hear，watch，remember，say，
tell，show，exp ect，guess）这类动词与as几乎成了一种固定搭配。
eg. Einstein ，as is well known，is a famous scientist.
众所周知，爱因斯坦是一位有名的科学家。

十. 定语从句中应当注意的问题
1. 关系代词在句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词用单数还是复数由先行词决定。
eg. The man who lives downstairs speaks English fluently.
住在楼下的那个人英语说得很流利。
eg. The students who are in Grade Three are going to climb the hill tomorrow.
三年级的学生明天去爬山。

2. 定语从句有时不直接紧靠先行词，中间由一个定语，状语或谓语隔开。
eg. There is an expression in his eyes that I can’t understand.
在他的眼里有一种我不明白的神情。
eg. The days are gone forever when the Chinese people were looked down upon.
中国人民被轻视的日子一去不复返了。

3. 引导定语从句的关系副词可以用“介词 + which”来代替。
eg. October1,1949 was the day on which(=when) the people’s Republic of China was
founded. 1949年10月1日是中华人民共和国成立的日子。
eg. This is the room in which (=where)Lu Xun once lived. 这是鲁迅曾经住过的房间。

4. “使用where而非真实‘地点’”型定语从句
定语从句的先行词是situation, condition，stage，case, point, scene等名词而且从句缺少
状语时，要使用where表示“一种特定的……情况” 或“一个特定的……场合”。如：
eg. I have come to the point where I can't stand him. 我已经到了无法容忍他的程度。
eg. He's got himself into a dangerous situation where he is likely to lose control over the plane.
他发现他到了有可能会失去控制飞机的地步。



十一. 定语从句必做题

1. Stephen Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely to be the only planet ______ life has
developed gradually.
A. that B. where C. which D. whose
答案：B。不能 依靠翻译来做定语从句的题。一定要做的两步：找准先行词，分析从句
成分。容易选D，应该说life on the planet。

2. Finally we arrived at the village at noon but we couldn’t find a shop around _______ I
could buy something to eat and drink.
A. that B. which C. where D. what
答案：C。容易误选B。在这里around不是介词，而是副词。空前面的词的词性一定要
分析一下，看看是副词还是介词。英语中很多介词和副词同形。如：He isn’t in. (副词)
He isn’t in it. (介词) 后面有成分的是介词。介词后面常加which和whom。但也有whose
和where的。

3. She climbed up tp the top pf the hill, _______ she could have a good view of the whole
town.
A. that B. from which C. from where D. which
答案：C。

4. This is the manager in _______ factory my father used to work.
A. that B. which C. whose D. who
答案：C。

5. She is such a lovely teacher _______ we all like.
A. as B. so C. that D. who
答案：A。他是这么以为我们都喜欢的可爱的老师。as在定语从句中作like的宾语 。
such…that…结构中，that引导的是结果状语从句，并且that在剧中充当成分。如果 填
上that的话，本剧缺宾语She is such a lovely teacher that we all like her.本题容易误选C。
Guangzhou is so pleasant a city that visitors like it.
Guangzhou is so pleasant a city as visitors like.
不缺主语或宾语就选that，缺少主语或宾语就填as。

6. My students, most of ______ from abroad, are teaching English in the flood areas.
A. whom B. that C. them D. who
答案：C。这不是非限制性定语从句，而是独立主格结构，因为空格后面没有动词，所
以不是句子。如果 在from abroad前面加上一个were或came，则是非限制性定语从句，
答案就选A。

7. They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, none of ______ carried out in their work.
A. which B. them C. what D. that
答案：B。none of them carried out in their work是独立主格结构,carried out是过去分词。

8. They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, none of ______were carried out in their
work.
A. which B. them C. what D. that
答案：A。none of them were carried out in their work是非限制性定语从句。

9. He is one of the leaders _______ in charge of the company.
A. who is B. who are C. which is D. which are
答案：A。定语从句中主谓一致。

10. The factory was built in a secret place, around ______ high mountains.
A. which was B. it was C. which were D. them were
答案：C。around which是表语。主语是 high mountains。