初中英语定语从句讲解

初高中英语定语从句讲解（1）
一.定语从句及相关术语
1.定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的
先行词后面。
2.关系词：引导定语从句的关联词成为关系词
关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, 等；
关系副词有where, when, why等。
关系词常有3个作用：1，引导定语从句。2，代替先行词。3，在定语从句中
担当一个成分。
二.关系代词引导的定语从句
指人，在从句中做主语
(1)The boys who are playing football are from class one.
(2)Yesterday I helped an old man_____________________ (迷了路的).
2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。
(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.
(2) Mr. Ling is just the boy ____________________ （我想要见的）.
注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。
(3) The man whowhom you met just now is my friend.
3. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略
(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys.
(2) This is the pen ____________________________（昨天他买的）.
4. that指人时，相当于who 或者whom；指物时，相当于which。在定语从句中
做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。
(5) The number of the people thatwho come to visit the city each year rises one
million.
(6) Where is the man thatwhom I saw this morning?
5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语
(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.
(2) I once lived in a house ____________ (它的屋梁) has fallen in.

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whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替
(3)He classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.
(4) The classroom __________________ is broken will soon be repaired.
(5) Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?
(6) Do you like the book ___________________ is yellow?
三.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时，从句常由介词+关系代词引导
(1)The school (____________) he once studied ______ is very famous.
(2) The school ______________ he once studied is very famous.
(3) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine (___________) you asked for.
(4) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine ________________ you asked.
(5) We'll go to hear the famous singer (______________) we have often talked ____.
(6) We'll go to hear the famous singer ____________ we have often talked.
注意：1. 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：look for, look after, take care
of等
(1) This is the watch whichthat I am looking for. ( )
(2) This is the watch for which I am looking. ( )
2. 若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用whom，不可用who或者that；指
物 时用which，不能用that；关系代词是所有格时用whose
(1) The man with whom you talked is my friend. ( )
(2) The man whothat you talked with is my friend. ( )
(3) The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable. ( )
(4) The plane in that we flew to Canada is very comfortable. ( )
3.“介词+关系代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代
词或者数词
(1) He loved his parents deeply, _____________ (两个都) are very kind to him.
(2) In the basket there are quite many apples, ____________ (它们中一些) have
gone bad.
(3) There are forty students in our class in all, _____________ (他们中大多数) are
from big cities.

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解答介词+关系代词 类型的定语从句题时，关键在于分析定语从句中的谓语动
词（该动词是不及物动词）习惯上常与什么介词搭配使用。这就需要同学们在平
时学习时要注重某些不及 物动词和介词惯用的情形，并要灵活运用。例如：
In the dark street, there wasn't a single person ________ she could turn for help.
A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom
四．关系副词引导的定语从句
1. when指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语
(1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school.
(2) The time ________________________ （我们将要聚在一起的）finally came.
2. where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语
(1) Shanghai is the city where I was born.
(2)The house ______________________ （我10年前曾住过的） has been pulled
down.
3. why指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语
(1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.
(2) I don't know the reason _______________________ (她今天显得不高兴).
注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换
(1) The reason why for which he refused the invitation is not clear,
(2) From the year whenin which he was going to school he began to know what he
wanted when he grew up.
(3) Great changes have taken place in the city __________________（在我出生的）.
关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于介词+ which结构，因此常常和介词+
which结构交替使用，例如：
There are occasions ___________one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason ____________________ he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我
们帮助他的理由吗？



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常规句子链接练习：
1. A The book is on the desk. B. You want to read it.
______________________________________________ ________________
2. A The students will pass the exam. B They study hard.
____________ __________________________________________________
3. A This is the boy. B His football was lost.
_______________________ ________________________________________
4. A I visited the small town yesterday. B Luxun once lived there.
____________________________ ___________________________________
5. A I always remember those days. B I was happy during those days.
___________________________ ____________________________________
6. A The old woman has three sons. B They all work in Beijing.
_________________________________ ______________________________
8. A I climbed the mountain. B The top of the mountain is very beautiful.
______________________________ _________________________________

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