定语从句解析

定 语 从 句
㈠ 概念：在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。其作用相当于形
容词。
He is the person who I met in the park yesterday.
先行词 定语从句（who为关系词）
定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词. 引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
关系词分为：
(二) 关系词的分类：
A：关系代词：that；which；who；whom；whose
that 指人和物 在从句中作主语，（宾语）；
which 指物， 在从句中作主语，（宾语）；
who 指人 在从句中作主语，（宾语）；
whom 指人 在从句中只作（宾语）；
whose 指人和指物 在从句中只作定语（修饰名词或代词）
B：关系副词：
when 在从句中只作时间状语；
where 在从句中只作地点状语；
why 在从句中只作原因状语；
说明：在定语从句中，关系词本身在从句中充当一定的成分，但不具有汉语意 义，
其中关系词在定语从句作宾语时可省 ，作其它成分一般不可省。
EX: 试着分析下面 的句子：先找出主句和从句；其次找先行词，并判断指人还
是指物，再看先行词在定语从句中充当什么成 分，最后看用的那个关系
词。
The lady who came to our class is from London.
1. He is the person that I met in the park last week.
2. I will never forget the years that I spent with my cousin in Australia.
3. Those who have finished may go home.
4. Nobody wants the house whose roof has fallen .
5. This is the room where we lived last year.
6. Can you give us the reason why you are late again?
（三）结构：限定性定语从句：先行词+关系词+定语从句；
非限定性定语从句：先行词，关系词+定语从句；
非限制性定语从句通常和主句之间用逗号隔开。
Einstein , who cared little for money, made great contributions to modern physics.
The young musician , whom you often talk about, will go abroad for further study.
His grandfather was born in 1937 , when the Anti-Japanese War broke out.
Galileo lived in the city of Pisa , where there is a leaning tower about 180 feet high.
One of the Charlie Chaplin’s most famous films was “The Gold Rush”, which was
made in 1925.
I 关系代词引导的定语从句
1. 关系代词的作用： 指代先行词，同时在定语从句作某一成分。
2. 解题思路：先 找出主句和从句，其次找先行词，并判断指人还是指物，再看
先行词在定语从句中充当何种成分，最后确 定用那个关系词。
随堂练习1：
1) The lady ___came to our class is from Australia.
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2) I visited the country ___had been bombed by the US-led NATO a month before.
3) He is the person _____I met in the park yesterday.
4) I’ll never forget the years _____ I spent with my cousin in Australia?
5） Linda wants to be a doctor ______her parents are very interested in.
6) The doctor ______ operated on the patient’s eyes is Linda’s father.
7) The bright star ____is shining just above the roof is called Sirius.
8） We saw a church among the trees, ______tower was clear against the blue sky.
9） She adopted a child _____parents are dead.
10) Is this museum____ they visited last week?
Is this the museum_____ they visited last week?
Is this the museum_____ they went last week?
11) He made another wonderful discovery, _____ I think is of great importance to
science.
3. 先行词指“物”时，定语从句中缺主语和宾语时，关系代词
只
能用that不能用
which的情况，先行词的特点是：
1) 先行词是不定代词all, everything ,nothing, anything, none, the one ,little ,
much 等。
You should hand in all that you have.
Is there anything that I can do for you?
2) 先行词有only；any；few；little；no；none；all；very 等词修饰。
The only thing that we can do is to wait patiently..
3) 先行词有形容词最高级或序数词修饰。
This is the last train that goes to Beijing.
The last place that we visited was a car factory.
4) 先行词既有“人”也有“物”。
Watch the girl and her dog that are crossing the street.
5) 先行词被the only ,the very ,the same ,just the 修饰时。
The only thing that we can do is to wait patiently.
This is the very book that I want.
6) 主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时。
Who that has common sense will do such a thing?
Which one of us that knows something about physics does not know this?
4. 先行词指人 , 定语从句中缺主语时，关系代词只能用 who 不能用 that 的
情况。
1) 先行词为之人的代词one, ones ,anyone ,those, no one, nobody, anybody….
Anyone who works here shouldn’t be careless.
I don't like those who talk big.
One who doesn’t work hard will never be happy.
2) He who……用于谚语、格言中
He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man不到长城非好汉
He who plays with fire gets burnt.玩火者必自焚
He who makes no mistakes makes nothing.不犯错误的人一事无成
He laughs best who laughs last.谁笑到最后，谁笑得最好.
He who hesitates is lost.当断不断,必受其乱
随堂练习2:
1) Do you mean the one ______ was bought yesterday?
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2) This book contains muchlittle ______ is useful.
3) You can take any seat ______ is free.
4) I have read all the books _______ you lent me last week
5) This is the third film _______ has been shown in our school this term.
6) This is the best article _____ has been written on the subject.
7) It’s just the book _____he lost
8) We liked the farmers and their farm ______ we visited yesterday.
9) Who is the boy_____ is singing a song over there?
10) AnyoneAnybody ______ breaks the rules is punished.
II 关系副词引导的定语从句
when 在从句中作时间状语；
where 在从句中作地点状语；
why 在从句中作原因状语；
随堂练习1:
1) He still lives in the house ______is in the north of the city.
He still lives in the house ______window faces to the south.
He still lives in the house ____there is a piece of furniture.
2) I’ll never forget the days ______we spent together.
I’ll never forget the days ______we stayed together.
I’ll never forget the days ______we spent the college life together.
3) The house _______I grew up has been taken down and replaced by an office
building.
The house _______I grew up in has been taken down and replaced by an office
building.
4) The reason ______he gave us was reasonable.
The reason ______he didn’t attend the meeting was that he was ill.
Would you please give us a reason____ you are late for class?
5) My girl friend told me the day ______she was born.
6) The bookstore _______his sister works is the largest one in Nanjing.
7) The reason______ I’m writing to you is to tell you about a party on Saturday.
8) Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held?
9) The day is not far off ____the peasants here get rich.
注意：way 后面的定语从句：way 作先行词且从句中缺状语， the way + in which
that 省略／＋定语从句
随堂练习2:
1) I don’t understand the way_________they worked out this problem
2) The way ______you told me was different from the way _____ you did it.
3) The way ______you think is wrong.
4) I don’t like the way_____ you speak to her.
5) A scientist could write about his work in a way ______people could understand.
6) They build a theory about the way ______ things happen.
III“介词+关系代词”型的定语从句
whom(人)
介词+
which(物)
1.这一结构用什么关系词取 决于先行词的指代.指人用whom,指物用which.注意
不能用who或that,也不能省略。 用什么介词取决于定语从句中谓语动词结构及
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“介词+whomwhich”在句中的作用.
He is the man for whom my sister bought a gift.
(先行词指人,用whom, 谓语动词是buy sth for sb这一习惯搭配，故用for whom)
The two things ofabout which Marx was not sure were the grammar and some
of the idioms of English.
(先行词指物，用which. 谓语动词是be sure of about这一习惯搭配，故用
ofabout which)
随堂练习1
1) The person (whowhomthat) you should write to is Mr. Ball.
= The person _____you should write is Mr. Ball.
2) Nearby were two canoes (which that) they had come to the island in.
= Nearby were two canoes_____ they had come to the island.
3) This is the house where I lived two years ago.
= This is the house_____ I lived two years ago.
4) Do you remember the day _____you joined our club?
= Do you remember the day when you joined our club?
5) This is the reason why he came late.
= This is the reason _____he came late.
6) The school _____he once studied in is very famous.
= The school_____ he once studied is very famous.
7) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine ______ you asked for.
= Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine_______ you asked.
8) We’ll go to hear the famous singer ______ we have often talked about.
= We’ll go to hear the famous singer ______we have often talked.
9) Look! There come a lot of students, of ____ Lucy is one.
10) The stories about the Long March, of_____this is one example, are well written.
2. 这一结构中的介词的位置比较灵活.但是“动词+介词”构成的短语动词一般不
拆开.
The babies (whowhomthat) the nurses are looking after are very healthy.
Is this the book (whichthat) she was looking for?
3.“介词+whose+宾语”引导的定语从句。
1) The boss in whose department Mr. King worked called at the hospital.
2) The doctor with whose help the sick child was saved is very kind to her patients.
随堂练习2:
1) The man , with _____son I worked, looked down upon women.
2) The farmer , from _______garden I bought some peaches was very hardworking.
4.“短语介词+which”的结构.
They arrived at a house, in front of which sat a small boy.
Sound is a tool by means of which people communicate with each other.
He was found disappointed at his failure, because of which he was criticized.
IV “较为复杂的介词结构+关系代词”型的定语从句
1. 不定代词数词+of+ whichwhom表示部分与整体的关系，引导非限制性定语
从句，翻译成“其中……”，且“不定代词数词+of+ which whom”
=“of which whom+不定代词数词”；
其他不定代词 someanymanymucha fewseveralbothall + of which whom
= of whichwhom+ someanymanymucha fewseveralbothall
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e.g. 1) He paid the boy 10 dollars for washing ten windows, most of which had not
been cleaned for years.
2) About 200 people, many of whom were Europeans, worked on the project.
3) Those foreign engineers, most of whom have never been to China before, are
enjoying their work here.
随堂练习1:
1) There are forty-five students in our class, two thirds of______ are girls.
2) He loved his parents deeply, both of______ are very kind to him.
3) In the basket there are quite many apples, some of ______ have gone bad.
4 ) There are forty students in our class in all, most of ______are from big cities.
5) They gave me much ink, little of______ is red.
6) She has two sons, both of _____are PLA men.
7) He gave us many books, none of ______was interesting.
8) In Barcelona the Chinese team got 16 gold medals, of____ 12 were won by
women.
2. 表示所属关系的“the+名词+of whichwhom”和“of which whom+the +名词”
结构可与“whose+名词”结构互换。
随堂练习2:
1) He used to live in the house ______roof was old and leaky.
=He used to live in the house the roof of______ was old and leaky.
= He used to live in the house of_______ the roof was old and leaky.
2) The student ______handwriting is beautiful is often praised by the English teacher.
= The student the handwriting of _______is beautiful is often praised by the
English teacher.
= The student of______ the handwriting is beautiful is often praised by the English
teacher.
V ”as”引导的定语从句
1.引导限制性定语从句，常用于固定句型“so such...as...”和 “the same…as”中。
当先行词被the same, such, so, as所修饰时，关系代词通常用as
1) You have the same opinion as I have.
2) He’s such a funny sort of person as I don’t understand at all
3) Here is so heavy a stone as no one can remove.
4) He is not such a man as would bow before difficulty.
5）We have found such materials as are used in their factory.
比较：
That is the same bike as I lost. 那辆自行车和我丢失的一模一样。
(the same…as …泛指同一类)
That is the same bike that I lost.那就是我丢失的那辆自行车。
(the same…that…特指同一个)
随堂练习1:
1) He is a good teacher_______ we all love and respect.
He is such a good teacher______ we all love and respect
He is such a good teacher_______ we all love and respect him
2) Here is so difficult a question_____ no one can answer
Here is so difficult a question ______ no one can answer it.
3) I haven’t seen as old a car________ he describes .
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注意：解题时，看从句中是否缺少成分。缺少成分as，是定语 从句；不缺少成
分，用that，是结果状语从句。
2.引导非限制性定语从句时，通常以固定句式出现。
as引导非限制性定语从句，代表整个句子的概念，在句子中充当主语或者宾语,
翻译为“正如 正像”。位置灵活，可以位于句首、句末或者句中。常用于以下
的固定搭配中:
主动式 被动式
As we know as is known to us
as we can see as can be seen
as we had expected as is expected
as is discovered
as is said above
as is often the case
As was usual with him , he went out for a walk after dinner.
He was late for school , as is often the case.
2. as和which的区别
as引导非限制性定语从句，代表整个句子的概念，翻译为“正如 正像”，位置
灵活，可以位于句首、句末或者句中。且通常以固定句式出现。
which引导非限制性定语从句，代表整个句子的概念时, 翻译为“这一点”或“这
件事”，只能位于主句之后。没有固定句式。
As is known to us everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.
= The moon travels round the earth once every month, as is known to us everybody.
= The moon, as is known to us everybody, travels round the earth once every month.
As is expected, he has been absent.
She was married again, as was expected.
She was married again, which was unexpected.
随堂练习2：
1) Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play,_____, of course,
made the others unhappy.
2） Betty always tells a lie,_______ her parents find strange.
3） Mr. Smith usually praises his student Rose in public, ______she doesn’t like at all.
4) He is in a bad temper, ______we can see.
5) He won the game, ______we had expected.
6) He won the game, ______was unexpected.
7) The weather turned out to be very good, ______was more than we could expect.
VI定语从句中应注意的问题
1. 间隔性定语从句
A new teacher will come tomorrow who will teach you German.
Do you remember one afternoon ten years ago when I came to your house and
borrowed a diamond necklace?
2. 当先行词是situation, point, case, scene，condition，activity，race 且定语从
句中缺状语常用where 引导.当先行词occasion“时机，场合”，定语从句中
缺状语，用when引导
He has got himself into a dangerous situation where he has no control.
The newly-married couple quarreled so much that they reached the point where they
had to separate from each other.
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We had to face the conditions where pressure was heavy.
随堂练习1：
1) We’re just trying to reach a point ______ both sides will sit down together and talk.
2) ---Do you have anything to say for yourself?
---Yes. There is one point ______you must insist on.
3) Please remind me that there is one point _____I must make clear at the meeting
next week.
4) Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity _________sight
matters more than hearing.
5) Occasions are quite rare ______I have the time to spend a day with my kids.
3. 定语从句中的主谓一致
(1). 定语从句中的谓语动词与先行词的形式一致。先行词在定语从句中作 主语
时，定语从句中谓语动词的单复数以及其形式取决于先行词。
随堂练习3:
1) A biologist is a person who______(have) a great knowledge of biology.
2) I, who____ (be)your friend, will try my best to help you.
(2) 在…one of…whothat…的结构中，先行词是of后面的复数名词，定语从句
中的谓语动词用复数形式
在…the(onlyvery)just the one of…whothat…的结构中，先行词是
the(onlyvery)onejust the one ,定语从句中的谓语动词用单数形式
3) He is one of the students in our class who______(be) praised by the headmaster
yesterday.
4) He is the only one of the students in our class who _____ (be ) praised by the
headmaster yesterday.
5) The Great Wall is one of the world-famous buildings that_______ (draw) lots of
visitors.
6) The Great Wall is the only one of the buildings on the earth that_______ (be) seen
from the moon.
4. where 和when的特殊用法
随堂练习2:
1) His head soon appeared out of one of the second storey windows, from_____ he
could see nothing but trees.
2) He stood near the north window, from ______she could see the whole garden.
3) I met him ten years ago, since______ I haven’t seen anything of him.
语法填空（填入适当的关系代词和关系副词）
There was a time 1.______I was tired of learning English and disliked to speak
English .And this is the reason 2.______ my father forced me to join in a 30-day
training in an English club before I went to senior high school. When I first came to
the club ,3._______I met many strangers , I missed my parents very much .So I
packed up my things and wanted to go home. Fortunately, my guide teacher,
4.______was Li Yang, communicated with me face to face, from5.________I gained
some useful instructions .He also showed me a good partner, and we got along well
with each other .Gradually, I adapted to the life there. Every day I would like to talk
to other teenagers and set down a series of activities 6.________we did. My father
and the guide 7._______encouraged me to fall in love with English should be
appreciated. Now I feel it interesting to learn English, into 8.______I put my entire
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energy .Every day I will join in English discussions. Before I go to sleep ,I will recall
my passages,through9._______I can memorize a large number of new
words .10..________our English teacher says, “As long as we form the habit of
learning English every day and have perseverance, we will conquer English sooner
and later.”



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