定语从句句法讲解

定语从句
（一）定语从句：在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句，它的 作用相当于一个形容词，也叫形容
词从句（由一个句子来充当定语，叫定语从句）（
如果定语是 单个词,定语放在被修饰词的
前面,如果是词组,定语放在被修饰词的后面
）
Eg. The book (that he bought yesterday) is worth reading

先行词 关系词

The girl (who is standing there) is my good friend.

先行词 在句子中作成分
（二）先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词被称为先行词，先行词可指人或物。
（三）关系词：
一．定义：引导定语从句的连接词（引导词）被称为关系词
二．作用 引导定语从句连接主句和从句
代替先行词在定语从句中担任句子成分
三．分类及其用法：

whom
关系代词：
who which that

Whose whose as

主语 宾语 定语 主、宾、表
（其中who whom whose指人， which指物， that指人或物）
关系副词： when where why

时间状语 地点状语 原因状语
表格
A．关系代词用法：
(whom)在从句中作介词的宾语时，介词一般可放在原来位置上 也可放在其前面，在含有介词的固
定词组中介词只能放在原来的位置上
2.只能用that,不用which的情况
（1）先行词前有序数词(数词)或最高级修饰时
The first place that we visited in Beijing is the Great wall
Tom is the cleverest student in his class
（2）先行词是不定代词时（something, anything, nothing, all, none, some, little等）
Miss Zhang has told us something that we should do in the holiday.
I like all the book that you lent me last week.
（3）先行词既有人又有物时
They think of people and things that happened in their childhood
The school and children that he loves moved to another country.
（4）先行词前有the only, the very, the same, the last, just等修饰时
The only furniture that he has in the room is a desk
（5）先行词有who（或whom）时
Who is the man that is reading a book over there?
Who that break the window should be punished． 谁打碎了窗户都要受到惩罚．
Whom that you talked to must be Tom.
（6）there be 结构中，先行词指物时

There is a book on the desk that I am very interested in.
（7）先行词指物，在主句中做表语时
This is the book that you borrowed from library
（8）先行词是the way或the reason时，that可作关系副词，也可省略
It was the way that he solved the problems
(9) 先行词为that, this, those 或these且指人时
Those who hadn't bought the tickets for the train crowded in the waiting hall.
那些还没买着票的人拥挤在候车厅里。
（10）当time表示次数时
It is the first time that I went to Shenyang .
3.只能用which不能用that的情况
(1)非限定性定语从句中
My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.我去年买的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。
The novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很感人，我已经读了三遍了。
(2)关系代词前有介词时
The reason for which he refused the invitation is not clear. 他拒绝邀请的原因不清楚。
Great changes have taken place in the city in which I was born.我出生的那个城市 发生了很大变化。
(3)先行词本身是that时
What’s that which flashed in the sky just now? 刚才在天空中一闪而过的是什么？
(4)先行词后有插入语时。
Here is the English grammar book which, as I’ve told you ,will help improve your English.
这就是我告诉过你的那本英语语法书，它能帮你提高英语。
B．关系副词的用法
1.在句中作状语时 关系副词=介词+关系代词
when=during on in ... which (介词同先行词搭配)
where=in at on ... which (介词同先行词搭配)
why=for which
2. where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语用来表示地点的定语从句。
(1) Shanghai is the city where（in which） I was born.
(2) The house where（in which） I lived ten y ears ago has been pulled down.
3. when表示时间。在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用
(1) I still remember the day when（on which） I first came to the school.
(2) The time when（on which） we got together finally came.
(3) From the year when(in which)he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.
[注]表示时间“ time一词的定语从句只用when引导，有时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用that引导。
By the time you arrived in London, we had stayed there for two weeks.
到你到达伦敦的时候，我们在那里已经待了两个星期。
Each time he goes to business trip, he brings a lot of presents.
每一次他去出差，他就会带很多礼物。
4. why指原因 在定语从句中做原因状语
(1) Please tell me the reason why（for which） you missed the plane.
(2) I don’t know the reason why （for which）he looks unhappy today.
(3) The reason why for which he refused the invitation is not clear,
（四）限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句
1.非限制性定语从句和先行词关系不紧密 ，主句和从句用逗号隔开，另译为一句，作补充说明，即使去掉从
句，也不影响对主句的理解。
2.限制性定语从句和先行词关系紧密，从句不能去掉，也不能与主句用逗号隔开，而且要译在先行词前面。
区分：All books (which have pictures)have been sent to them.
This film, which I have seen several times, is very interesting
He has two brothers, who are both doctors
Last week they reached Dalian , where a meeting was to be held.

定语从句关系代词
关系代词


指物
That在从句中做主语或宾语 (2)The noodles (that) I cooked were delicious.(作宾语)
(1)Who is the man that is reading the book over there？(作主语)
指人
(2)The girl(that) we saw yesterday was Jim's sister.(作宾语)
(1)They planted trees which didn't need much water.(作主语)
which 在从句中作主语或宾语 指物
(2)The fish(which) we ate yesterday was cooked by Jim's sister.(作宾语)
(1)The boy who broke the window is called Tom.(作主语)
who在从句中作主语 指人
The boys who are playing football are from Class One.

whom在从句中作宾语

指人
(1)The foreigner whom you talked to yesterday is from Canada.(作宾语 )
Mrs. Read is the person to whom you should write.
The man whom I beat in the tennis game was my father
(1) The boy whose father is a teacher studies very well.
[相当于the +名词+of +which ] :The boy the father of which is a teacher st~
Whose在定语从句中作定语
(2) The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.
指物
[相当于the+名词+ of+ which]: The classroom the door of which is br~

(1)A plane is a machine that can fly.(作主语)
例 句
指人