定语从句讲解及习题

定语从句：在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
关系词：连接先行词语从句的词叫先行词。 关系代词: who,
whom,that,whose,which
关系副词: when, where, why
关系代词的用法：
关系副词的用法：关系 副词可代替时间，地点或原因的先行词，在从句中作时间
状语，地点状语和原因状语。其含义相当于“介 词+which”结构，因此二者常常
交替使用。（when= on which; where= in which; why= for which）。

II.关系代词与关系副词的选用依据：
1.根据从句中的谓语动词判断：一般从句谓语 为及物动词，后面若无宾语，就
必须用关系代词；从句谓语为及物动词则要求用关系副词。
This is the factory where he used to work.
This is the factory that which he visited last year.
2.根据先行词可在从句中所做的成分判断：把先行词放入定语从句中，观察其
在从句中能做的成份（主，宾，定，状），作主，宾，定，状用关系代词，作状
语用关系副词。
Is this the museum (that which) you visited a few days ago? (从句
缺宾语)
Is this the museum where the exhibition was held? （从句缺状语）

III. 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句：根据从句与先行词之间关系的紧密
程度，可将 定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
1. 限制性定语从句
限制性定 语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句的意思往往不明确。翻译
时一般译为前制定语，“.... ..的”。Eg. This is the house which we bought last
month.

2. 非限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句是先行 词的附加说明，去掉了不会影响主句的意思，与主句之
间通常用逗号隔开。翻译时一般将主句与从句译成 并列形式。 Eg. The house,
which we bought last year, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮，我们上个月买的。
The story, which I have read three times, is every moving.这个故事很感
人，我已经读过三遍了。
His brother who is 18 years old joined the army this year.
His brother, who is years old, joined the army this year.

练习：1. She brought with her three friends, none of ____ I had ever met
before.
A. them
2. The visitor____ passport was stolen was on his way to the US.
A. one's 's
3. Life is like a long race ____ we compete with others to go beyond

ourselves.
A. why
4. Because of the financial crisis, days are gone ____local 5-star
hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night.
A. if
5. The Science Museum, ____ we visited during recent trip to Britain
is one of London's tourist attractions.
A. which D. Where

IV. “介词 + 关系代词” 结构
从句中的介词有时可以提到关系代词之前，形成“介词 + 关系代词”结构，关
系代词可用 which,whose, whom 不可用 that。该结构中的介词可以依据定语从
句中谓语的搭配，与先行词的搭配或与句子意义来确定。
Examples: Is this the car for which you paid a high price? (根据从句
中谓语pay的搭配定的)
This is the camera with which he often takes photos.(根据先
行词的搭配定的)
This is the driver with whom my brother has worked for five
years.(根据句子意义搭配定的)
练习：
1. The teacher ___ the students in our class are popular is Mr Wang.
A. for which whom C. with which whom
2. Gun control is a subject ___ Americans have argued for a long time.
which which which which
growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of
factories,___ are beyond our control.
of them of which of what of that

VI. 运用关系代词时注意的问题：
A. 只能用that 不能用which 的情况：
1. 先行词是不定代词或被不定代词修饰时。
先行词是 anything, everything, nothing, few, little, none, all, some
等，或由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much 等不定代词修饰时，
关系代词用that, 不用which.
Examples:
Have you taken down everything that he has said?
There seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world.
Have you any books that are worth reading?
2. 先行词是序数词，形容词最高级或被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。
Examples:
The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.
Ghost is the most moving film that I have eve seen.
This book is the best that I have read.
3. 先行词有the very, the only 等修饰时。

Examples：
This is the very good dictionary that I want to buy.(这正是我想买的那
本字典)
After the fire in his house, the old machine is the only thing that he
owned.
4. 限行词前有疑问代词which 时。
Which is the coat that he likes most?
5. 先行词既有指人的名词也有指物的名词时。
The teacher and his teaching method that I know are liked by most
students.
be 句型中,句子的主语是先行词而且又是指物的名词时。
There is no work that can be done now.
7. 先行词是主句的表语或关系代词在从句中作表语时。
This's a good book that will help you a lot.
My hometown is no longer the place that it used to be.
B.用which 不用that 的情况：
1.非限制性定语从句中。
English, which is becoming very popular in our country is learned by more
and more people.
2. 关系代词前有介词时。
This is the room in which I lived when I was young.
3. 两个定语从句中一个用了关系代词that, 另一个宜用which。
Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly
open to us.
4. 关系代词后面有插入语时。
Here is the English grammar book which,as I have told you, will help
improve your English.
C. 用who 不用that的情况：
1. 先行词为one, ones, anyone 或 those时。
Anyone who failed to come to the meeting yesterday must give his reason.
Those who are not listening to the class should go out at once.
be 句型中，主语是指人的名词时。
There is a gentleman who wants to see you.
There are several students in our class who are still not sure about the
use of attributive clauses.
3. 先行词有较长的后置定语。



Do you know the writer in blue with thick glasses who is speaking at the
．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．
meeting?
4. 两个定语从句中一个用了that 引导，另一个指人的关系代词用who.
The student that was praised at yesterday's meeting is the monitor who
．．．．．．．
works very hard.

VII. as 和 which 引导的定语从句：
as和which 均可作关系代词，引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中充当主语、 宾
语、表语等，指代说明前面整个句子所表达的内容，有时可以互换，但二者的用
法也有不同。
1. as引导的定语从句位置较灵活，可以放在主句之前、之中、之后，而which
引导的定语从句只能放在主句之后。
Examples: The pacific is the largest ocean, as we all know.
．．．．．．．．．．．
The pacific, as we all know, is the largest ocean.
．．．．．．．．．．
As we all know, the Pacific is the largest ocean.
．．．．．．．．．．．
（正如我们所知，太平洋是最大的洋。）
The road was too slippery, which caused lots of accidents.
2.主从句意义的一致性不同。 as引导的定语从句在与以上要和主句保持一致，一般译为“正如......、
像......” ，which则不然；如果主从句语义不一致，用which不用as。Which 是
对主句所叙述的事情进行补充说明，表明事物的状态或结果，译为“这一点”。
Examples: He made a long speech, which was unexpected.
He made a long speech, as was expected.
Tom never does homework at home, which makes his mother
worried.

练习：
1. They've won their last three matches,____ I find a bit surprising
actually.

2. My friend showed me round the town,____ was very kind of him.

3. They have won their last three matches,____ I find a bit surprising
actually.