香英文-一到十的英语单词
Gate School 定语从句练习
Name:
一、
定义:在复合句中,修饰某一
名词
或
代词
的从句叫做定语从句; 被定语从句
所修饰的词叫做
先行词
。
如:1) The man who lives
next to us is a policeman. 2) You must do
everything that I do.
引导定语从句的词:关系代词that,
which, who(宾格who, 所有格whose) 关系副词where, when、why
关系词的作用:1、引导定语从句 2、代替先行词 3、在定语从句中担当一个成分
单
词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前,作前置定语。短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后,作后置定语。
二、关系代词引导的定语从句
指人,在从句中做主语
(1)The boys
who are playing football are from Class One.
(2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.
2. whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略。
(1) Mr. Liu
is the person (whom) you talked about.
注意:关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替,可省略。
(2)
The man whowhom you met just now is my friend.
3. which指物,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略
(1)
Football is a game which is liked by most boys. (
which 在句子中做主语)
(2) This is the pen (which)
he bought yesterday. ( which 在句子中做宾语)
4. that指
人时,相当于who或者whom;指物时,相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略
。
(1) The people thatwho come to visit the
city are all here. (在句子中做主语)
(2) Where is
the man thatwhom I saw this morning? (在句子中做宾语)
5. whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语
(1) He has
a friend whose father is a doctor. (2) I lived
in a house whose roof has fallen in.
★whose指物时,常用以下结构来代替
★The classroom whose
door is broken will soon be repaired.
=The
classroom the door of which is broken will soon be
repaired.
★Do you like the book whose color is
yellow?=Do you like the book the color of which is
yellow?
注:that 用法
(1)不用that的情况
(a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时。
(错)The tree, that is four
hundred years old, Is very famous here.
(b) 介词后不能用。
We depend on the land from
which we get our food.
We depend on the
land thatwhich we get our food from.
(2)
只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况
(a) 在there be
句型中,只用that,不用which。
(b) 在不定代词,如:anything,
nothing, the one, all等作先行词时,只用that,不用which。
(c) 先行词有the only, the very, the same, the last,
just修饰时,只用that。
(d)
先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时,只用that,不能用which。.
(e)
先行词既有人,又有物时。
(f) 先行词指物,在主句中作表语时.
(g) 为了避免重复.
(h)先行词是the way或the
reason时,that可作关系副词,也可省略
(i) 主句的主语是疑问词who
which时
e.g. Is this the book that you
borrowed in the library? 这是你在图书馆借的那本书吗?
Who
that break the window should be punished.
谁打碎了窗户都要受到惩罚.
All that is needed is a
supply of oil. 所需的只是供油问题。
Finally, the
thief handed everything that he had stolen to the
police. 那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。
三、关系副词引导定语从句
关系副词 关系副词:在句中作状语 关系副词=介词+关系代词
why=for which
where=in at on ... which
(介词同先行词搭配)
when=during on in ... which
(介词同先行词搭配)
1.
where指地点,在定语从句中做地点状语用来表示地点的定语从句。
(1)
Shanghai is the city where I was born. (2) The
house where I lived ten y ears ago has been pulled
down.
2. when引导定语从句表示时间。在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用
(1) I still remember the day when I first
came to the school. (2) The time when we got
together finally came.
[注]表示时间“time一词的定语从句只用when引导,有时不用任何关系代词.
By the time you arrived in London, we had stayed
there for two weeks. 你到达伦敦时,我们在那里已待了两个星期。
I
still remember the first time I met her.
我仍然记得我第一次见到她。
Each time he goes to business
trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such
as towels, soap, toothbrush etc。
3. why指原因
在定语从句中做原因状语
(1) Please tell me the reason
why you missed the plane. (2) I don’t know the
reason why he looks unhappy today.
注意:关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换
(1) The
reason why for which he refused the invitation is
not clear,
(2) From the year whenin which
he was going to school he began to know what he
wanted when he grew up.
注:1)介词后面的关系代词不能省略。
2)that前不能有介词。
3)
某些在从句中充当时间,地点或原因状语的介词+关系词结构可以同关系副词when ,where和why
互换。
This is the house in which I lived two
years ago. =This is the house where I lived two
years ago.
Do you remember the day on
which you joined our club? =Do you remember the
day when you joined our club?
This is the
reason why he came late. =This is the reason for
which he came late.
定语从句练习题
一、请划出定语从句,并标出先行词)
1.
Check the ways you study for an English test.
2. Another thing that I found very difficult was
English grammar.
3. You couldn’t understand
people who talked fast. 4. I have some ideas
that may help.
5. They said something you
didn’t like. 6. Can you think of any
problems you have had recently?
8. He would
always take pride in everything good I do. 9. My
friends and I talked about the rules that we have
in school.
10. What are some of the rules
that a teenager should obey? 12. If you know
anyone else who collects them, please tell me.
13. Standing very close to the person you are
talking with is quite common in some countries.
14. If you know someone you know doing this,
you can ask them. 15. All I ever wanted to do
was traveling.
二、用关系代词填空:that 、which 、who、
whom 、whose
1. This is the man ________ wants
to see you. 2. The student ___________
answered the question is Zhang Hua.
3. The man
__________ you went to see has come. 4. The man
___________I met yesterday lent me some money.
5. The woman __________ you saw is our
geography teacher. 6. The runner ___________ you
are asking about is over there.
7. The person
________you should write to is Mr. Ball. 8.
The man ________was passing by saw what happened.
9. Here is the pen _______ you lost the day
before yesterday. 10. These books _________ you
lent me were very useful.
11. The storybook
_______ I have just read cannot be easily
forgotten. 12. A clock is a machine ______ tells
people the time.
13. This is shirt ______I
bought yesterday. 14. A dictionary is a book
_______ gives the meaning to the word.
15. The
book _________ is on the table is mine. 16. The
film ________ they are talking about is very
interesting.
17. I will never forget the
people and the places _____ I have ever visited.
18. Is there anyone ______ family is in Beijing?
19. Show me the boy _________ mother is a
well-known singer. 20. The boy_____ father is a
teacher is good at English.
三、单项选择
( )
1. Your teacher of Chinese is a young lady____
comes from Beijing.
A. who B.
which C. whom D. whose
( ) 2.
What’s the name of the program________.
A.
which are listening B. you are listening to C.
to that you are listening D. that you are
listening
( ) 3. The students were all
interested ____ you told them yesterday.
A. in which B. in that this C. all that
D. in everything
( ) 4. He was the only
person in his office______ was invited.
A. whom B. whose C. that D.
which
( ) 5. This is the museum______ we
visited last year.
A. where B. in
which C. which D. in that
( ) 6.
Charlie told his mother all____ had happened.
A. that B. what C. which D. who
( ) 7. Do you know the student_____?
A. whom I often talk B. with who I often talk
C. I often talk with D. that I often talk
(
) 8. I like the house_____ windows face south.
A. whose B. who’s C. it's
D. its
( ) 9. Would you tell me where to get
the dictionary _____?
A. what I need
B.I need C. which I need it D. that I need it
( )10. The young woman_____ I spoke just now
is a young doctor.
A. who B. to whom
C. whom D. that
练习答案:
一、注:(划了线的是定语从句) 方框里的词是先行词
1.
Check the ways you study for an English test. (
2. Another thing that I found very
difficult was English grammar.
3. You
couldn’t understand people who talked fast.
4. I have some ideas that may help.
5. They said something you didn’t like.
6. Can you think of any problems you have
had recently?
8. He would always take
pride in everything good I do.
9. My
friends and I talked about the rules that we have
in school.
10. What are some of the rules
that a teenager should obey?
12. If you know
anyone else who collects them, please tell me.
13. Standing very close to the person you are
talking with is quite common in some countries.
14. If you know someone you know doing this,
you can ask them.
15. All I ever wanted to
do was traveling.
二、用关系代词填空:that 、which
、who、 whom 、whose
1. This is the man
__that who ______ wants to see you.
2.
The student ____ that who _______ answered the
question is Zhang Hua.
3. The man _____
that who _____ you went to see has come.
4.
The man _____ that who _whom_____I met yesterday
lent me some money.
5. The woman ______
that who whom_________ you saw is our geography
teacher.
6. The runner _______ that
who whom_________ you are asking about is over
there.
7. The person _____ that who
whom_________ you should write to is Mr. Ball.
8. The man _____ that who ______was
passing by saw what happened.
9. Here
is the pen ___that which______ you lost the day
before yesterday.
10. These books ____that
which_________ you lent me were very useful.
11. The storybook _______ that which______
I have just read cannot be easily forgotten.
12. A clock is a machine ____ that which___
tells people the time.
13. This is shirt
_______ that which_________I bought yesterday.
14. A dictionary is a book ___ that
which___________ gives the meaning to the word.
15. The book _____ that which________ is on
the table is mine.
16. The film _______
that which______ they are talking about is very
interesting.
17. I will never forget the
people and the places __that___ I have ever
visited.
18. Is there anyone
______whose______ family is in Beijing?
19.
Show me the boy _____whose_________ mother is a
well-known singer.
20. The boy____whose__
father is a teacher is good at English.
三选择
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