倩影是什么意思-花园的英语
中考定语从句讲解
定语从句
请看下面的句子:
I
want to know the boy who is the tallest.
句子做定语修饰boy
(一)概念:
定语从句:在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子, 叫定语从句。
先行词:被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
关系词:引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
(二)定语从句的分类
Ⅰ、限定性定语从句:从句不可少,没有它,先行词的意思不明确,主
句也不完整。与先行
词之间不用逗号。
e.g:This is the book
thatwhich I want.
Ⅱ、非限定性定语从句:是对先行词的补充说明,没有它不会影响先行词或主句意思的完整
性。
从句一般用逗号同主句分开。
e.g:Mr. Green, who is watching
TV,is my uncle.
(三)(限定性)定语从句的结构
Mary is a girl who has long hair.
先行词
关系词 定语从句
关系代词
关系副词
which, who, whom,
whose, that where, when, why
(四)定语从句的实质:二句合一
(合并条件:人物先行在句一,又占句二一席地)
Mary is a girl.
合并为一个句子
She has long hair.
定语从句四部曲:
1、
写:两句(主干+定语从句)
2、 找:相同部分——先行词
3、
换:关系词(人or物)
4、 连:主句+从句
Mary is a girl。
Mary has long hair.
——Mary is a girl whothat
has long hair.
请把下列句子二句合一
1. I
like the book is on the desk.
is the man . The man helped me .
doctor is in the that room. I am looking for
the doctor.
(五) 定语从句关系词的确定:(先行词决定关系词)
? a.先行词的分类
? b.先行词在从句中充当的成分
1.先行词做主语
人:whothat
物:whichthat
2.先行词做宾语
人:whowhomthat
物:whichthat
3.先行词做定语
人:whose
物:whoseof which
4.先行词做状语:when, where, why
? who that作定语从句的主语或宾语.
The man
whothat is speaking at the meeting is a worker.
做题思路:先分解——分析——再合并
分解
The man is a worker.
The
man is speaking at the meeting.
作主语
? Whom that作定语从句的宾语
The
woman( whomthat) they wanted to visit is a
teacher.
分解 The woman
is a teacher.
They
wanted to visit the woman.
作宾语
注意: 关系代词作动词宾语时可省略.
解题时,首先要结合选项对题干进行整体感
知,确定定语从句的位置;根据定语从句中所缺
少的句子成分,分析先行词逻辑上在定语从句中的成分,
继而选出正确的选项。例如:
Can you tell me the
name of the factory ________ you visited last
week?
A. what B. where C. D. when
简析:本题定语从句的主语、谓语、时间状语已具备,而visit
是个及物动词,从语
义上分析,factory 作visit 的宾语。故只能选C
(引导词在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略)。
? whose 作定语从句的定语.
I know the girl whose mother is a
teacher.
分解 I know the
girl.
The girl’s
mother is a teacher.
作定语
小结:
关系词判断步骤
?
首先,要辨别出先行词。如果先行词是指人,关系词可能就用who, that whom,
whose。
如果先行词指物,关系词可能用which或that
?
然后,要确定关系词在从句中的成分。请看下表
先行词
人
物
主语
who, that
which,
that
宾语
who(m), that
which, that
定语
whose
whose,
of which
巩固练习:用适当代关系词填空
1. I have a
friend ________ likes listening to classical
music.
2. Yesterday Emily was wearing the new
dress __________ I gave her.
3. The man ______
leg broke in a match used to be a football player.
(六)只能用that,不能用which的情况:
(1)先行词为all,
everything,anything,nothing, something, nothing
,few, little, much, the one
等不定代词时;
(2)先行词被形容词最高级所修饰或被the only, the very, the last,
any, few, little , no, all, one
of 等修饰时:
(3)先行词为数词或被序数词(含 last)修饰时。
(4)先行词是并列词组既有人又有物时。
(5)在以who,
which开头的句子中为了避免重复。
口诀:不定代词这一伙,全用that准没错
先行词前有修饰,千万不能用which.
请在以下例句中体会以上规则:
1.
Here is something that I will tell you.
haven’t got much that we can offer you.
3. Is
it the one that you want ?
is the most
interesting story that I have ever heard.
5. I can remember well the persons and
some pictures that I see.
is the bike that
you lost?
is the woman that was praised at
the meeting?
(七)只能使用which 的情况
?
1.关系代词前有介词时;
? 2.先行词本身是 that 时;
?
3.非限定定语从句
? 口诀:要有which别着急,
?
介词提前逗隔离。
? e.g: is the classroom in which we
studied for two year.
? has two
dolls,which are from her parents
补充:关系副词的用法
(1)when指时间,其先行词表示时间,在句中作时间状语。例如:
This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。
(2)where指地点,其先行词表示地点,在句中作地点状语。例如:
This is the place where he works.这是他工作的地点。
(3)why 指原因,其先行词是原因,起原因状语作用。例如:
Nobody
knows the reason why he is often late for school.
没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。
注意下面句子:
This is the place where Li Bai once lived.
这是李白曾经生活过的地方。(where先行词是place)
上面这个句子不可以将where改为that,因为that不能作为表示地点的关系副词。
试比较下句:
This is the place that Li Bai once
visited.
这是李白曾经游览过的地方。(that的先行词同样是place,但这个th
at是关系代词,在定
语从句中作宾语,可以省略,还可以用which替换)
单项选择:
? 1. This is the bag _____ my mother bought
yesterday.
? A. that B. who C. whom
D. this
? 2. The girl _____ you saw in the
street is Mary.
? A. that B. whose
C. which D. as
? 3. Is this the
factory _____ a lot of students visited yesterday?
? A. the one B. which C. who D. whom
? ※ this factory a lot of students
visited ?
A. the one B. which C.
who D. who
? 5. The only language _____ is
easy to learn is the mother tongue.
? A.
which B. that C. D. it
? 6. The girl
handed everything _____ she had picked up in the
street to the police.
? A. which B. in
which C. that D. all
? ※7. _____
cleans the blackboard should be praised.
?
A. That B. Who C. The one who D. The
students who
? 注意:
?
①当关系词作定语从句的主语时,从句谓语动词的形式应与先行词的人称和数保持一
致。
②若句中无先行词,先补出先行词再判断用法。(4,7题)
观察下列句子:
1.这就是救了那个孩子命的医生.
This is the doctor who
saved the boy’ s life
2.正在跑步的那个人是我的叔叔.
The
man who is running is my uncle.
3.住在隔壁的那个小伙的是教师.
The young man who lives
next door is a teacher.
注意:定语从句的时态不受主句影响。
用关系代词或关系副词将下列每对句子连成一个复合句
1. The boy
is my younger brother. He was here a minute ago.
2. The old man is a professor. He teaches
chemistry in a college.
3. Beijing Hotel is near Tian An Men Square.
The foreign visitors live
there.
4. The woman is here now. You were talking
about her.
5. I enjoyed reading the book. You gave me a
book last week.
用适当的关系代词that, which, who, whom填空。
1. The first thing ______you must do is to
have a meal.
2. April 1st is the day _____is
called April Fool’s Day in the west.
3. The
family _____had lost everything in a big fire got
much help from their friends.
4. The house
_____we live in is very old.
5. Didn’t you see
the man ______I talked with just now?
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