定语从句详解 例句(精品).

定语从句详解+例句


一、定语从句及相关术语
1.定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。
2.关系词：引导定语从句的关联词成为关系词
关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as 等；
关系副词有where, when, why等。
关系词常有3个作用：1，引导定语从句。2，代替先行词。3，在定语从句中担当一个成分。

二.关系代词引导的定语从句
指人，在从句中做主语
(1) The boys who are playing football are from Class One.
(2) Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.
2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。
(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.
(2) Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see.
注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。
(3) The man whowhom you met just now is my friend.
3. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略
(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys.
(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.
4. that指人时，相当于who 或者whom；指物时，相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。
(5) The number of the people thatwho come to visit the city each year rises one million.
(6) Where is the man thatwhom I saw this morning?
5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语
(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.
(2) I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.
whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替
(3) The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.
(4) The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.
(5) Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?
(6) Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?

三.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时，从句常由介词+关系代词引导
(1) The school (thatwhich) he once studied in is very famous.
(2) The school in which he once studied is very famous.
(3) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine (thatwhich) you asked for.
(4) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked.
(5) We'll go to hear the famous singer (whomthatwho) we have often talked about.
(6) We'll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.

注意：1. 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：look for, look after, take care of等
(1) This is the watch whichthat I am looking for. (T)
(2) This is the watch for which I am looking. (F)
2. 若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时 用whom，不可用who或者that；指物时用which，不能用that；关系
代词是所有格时 用whose

(1) The man with whom you talked is my friend. (T)
(2) The man whothat you talked with is my friend. (F)
(3) The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable. (T)
(4) The plane in that we flew in to Canada is very comfortable. (F)
3.“介词+关系代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代词或者数词
(1) He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.
(2) In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.
(3) There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.

四．关系副词引导的定语从句
1. when指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语
(1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school.
(2) The time when we got together finally came.
2. where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语
(1) Shanghai is the city where I was born.
(2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.
3. why指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语
(1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.
(2) I don't know the reason why he looks unhappy today.
注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换
(1) The reason why for which he refused the invitation is not clear,
(2) From the year whenin which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.
(3) Great changes have taken place in the city in whichwhere I was born.
五．限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句

限制性定语从句举例：
(1) The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend on.
(2) China is a country which has a long history.
非限制性定语从句举例：
(1) His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him.
(2) China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful.
要注意区分以下几个句子的不同
(1) His brother who is now a doctor always encourages him to go to college.
他那当医生的哥哥常鼓励他要考上大学。（他还有其他的哥哥）
(2) His brother, who is now a doctor, always encourages him to go to college.
他的哥哥是当医生的，常鼓励他要考上大学。（他只有一个哥哥）

难点分析
（一）限制性定语从句只能用that 的几种情况
1．当先行词是anything, everything, nothing (something 除外), few, all, none, little, some 等代词时，或者是由every, any,
all, some, no, little, few, much 等修饰时
(1) Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li has said?
(2) There seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world.
(3) All that can be done has been done.
(4) There is little that I can do for you.
注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who
(4) Any man has a sense of duty won't do such a thing.
2. 当先行词被序数词修饰
(1) The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.

3. 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时
(1) This is the best film that I have seen.
4. 当形容词被the very, the only修饰时
(1) This is the very dictionary that I want to buy,
(2) After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned.
当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who
(3) Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting
5. 当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时
(1) Who is the man that is standing there?
(2) Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?
6. 当先行词既有人，也有动物或者物体时
(1) Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned?

（二）关系代词as和which 引导的定语从句
as和which引导非限制性定语从句，有相同之处也有不同之处。具体情况是：
1．As和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，代表前面整个句子。
(1) He married her, aswhich was natural.
(2) He was honest, aswhich we can see.
2. as引导非限制性定语 从句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一个主句；which引导的非限制性定
语从句只 能放在主句之后。另外，as有“正如??，正像??”的意思
(1) As is known to all, China is a developing country.
(2) He is from the south, as we can see from his accent.
(3) John, as you know, is a famous writer.
(4) He has been to Paris more than several times, which I don't believe.
注意：当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时，常用which
(5) Tom was always late for school, which made his teacher angry.
3. 当先行次受such, the same修饰时，常用as
(1) I have never heard such a story as he tells.
(2) He is not such a fool as he looks.
(3) This is the same book as I lost last week.
注意：当先行次由the same修饰时，偶尔也用that引导定语从句，但是和由as 所引导的定语从句意思不同
(4) She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary's wedding.
她穿着她在Mary婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。
(5) She wore the same dress as her young sister wore.
她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。

（三）以the way为先行词的定语从句通常由in which, that引导，而且通常可以省略。
(1) The way in which that. he answered the question was surprising.

(四) but 有时也可以做关系词引导定语从句
(1) There are very few but understand his idea. ( but= who don't )

(五)区分定语从句和同位语从句
1．定语从句修饰先行词，它和先行词是修饰关系；同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容，是补充说明的关 系
(1) The plane that has just taken off is for London. 定语从句
(2) The fact that he has been dead is clear. 同位于从句
2．定语从句由关系代词或者关系副词引导 ，关系词在句中充当成分，有时可以省略；同位语从句主要由that引导，
在句中一般不做成分；句子 也可以由when, where, how, why, whether, what等词引导，充当成分
(1) The news he told me is true.

(2) The news that he has just died is true.
(3) The problem that we are facing now is how we can collect so much money. 定语
(4) The problem how we can collect so much money is difficult to solve.
3. 同位语从句和先行词一般可以用be动词发展成一个完整的句子，而定语从句不可以
(1) The idea that we could ask the teacher for advice is wonderful.
(2) The idea was that we could ask the teacher for advice.
(3) The fact that the earth moves around the earth is known to all. 同位语
(4) The fact is that the earth moves around the earth.


语法解释：
定语从句 —— 修饰名词或代词的从句。换句话说，名词、代词后的从句叫定语从句。
先行词 —— 被定语从句修饰的名词、代词、甚至词组或句子叫先行词。
关系词 —— 引导定语从句的词叫关系词。

关系词分两种： 一是关系代词(在定语从句中担任主、宾、表、定语成分)
二是关系副词(在定语从句中担任状语成分)
关系词的三个功能：
1. 连接功能（连接先行词与定语从句）；
2. 担任功能（在定语从句中担任主、宾、表、定、状语）；
3. 替代功能（在定语从句中代替先行词）。
A plane is a machine. The machine can fly. ——
A plane is a machine, and the machine can fly. ——
A plane is a machine that can fly.

关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which, as
在定语从句中可担任主语的是： who, that, which, as
在定语从句中可担任宾语的是： who, whom, that, which, as
在定语从句中可担任定语的是： whose, which
当先行词是人时，可用的关系词是：who, whom, that, as
当先行词是物时，可用的关系词是：which, that, whose, as

关系副词有：when (先行词为时间), where (先行词为地点), why (先行词为原因)
关系副词 = 介词 + which whom

定语从句分为两种：限制性与非限制性。
先行词与关系词之间无逗号隔开为限制性；有逗号隔开则为非限制性。

非限制性定语从句一般不可用关系代词that引导。

唯一可以置于先行词之前的定语从句由关系代词as 引导。

以下练习详细介绍了定语从句使用的具体语法规则。
一. 单选：
1. A football fan is _____ has a strong interest in football.
A. that B. who C. a person who D. what
2. The house, _____ was destroyed in the terrible fire, has been repaired.
A. whose roof B. which roof C. its roof D. the roof
3. Can you lend me the novel _____ the other day?

A. that you talked B. you talked about it
C. which you talked D. you talked about
4. The matter _____ you were arguing about last night has been settled.
A. that B. what C. why D. for which
5. They talked for about an hour of things and persons _____ they remembered in the school.
A. which B. that C. who D. whom
6. Who _____ has common sense（常识） will do such a thing?
A. which B. who C. whom D. that
7. All the apples _____ fell down were eaten by the pigs.
A. that B. those C. which D. what
8. They asked him to tell them everything _____ he saw at the front.
A. what B. that C. which D. where
9. I’ll tell you _____ he told me last night.
A. all which B. all what C. that all D. all
10. A child _____ parents have died is called an orphan.
A. who B. who’s C. whose D. which
11. Is this the museum _____ you visited the other day?
A. that B. where C. in which D. the one
12. Is this museum _____ some German friends visited last Wednesday?
A. that B. where C. in which D. the one
13. — How do you like the book? — It’s quite different from _____ I read last month.
A. that B. which C. the one D. the one what
14. Is that the reason _____ you are in favor of the proposal?
A. which B. what C. why D. for that
15. The train _____ she was traveling was late.
A. which B. where C. on which D. in that
16. He has lost the key to the drawer _____ the papers are kept.
A. where B. on which C. under which D. which
17. Antarctic _____ we know very little is covered with thick ice all the year round.
A. which B. where C. that D. about which
18. He arrived at a time, ______, in his opinion, was rather inappropriate for them.
A. that B. C. which D. when
19. He often helps the students _____ he thinks are not quick at their studies.
A. whom B. who C. when D. because
20. The Second World War _____ millions of people were killed ended in 1945.
A. when B. during that C. in which D. which
21. He was born in the year _____ the Anti-Japanese War broke out.
A. which B. when C. on which D. during which
22. Mr. Crossett will never forget the day _____ he spent with his various students.
A. when B. which C. on which D. in which
23. This is just the place _____ I am looking forward to visiting these years.
A. that B. where C. in which D. to where
24. We are going to spend the Spring Festival in Guangzhou, _____ live my grandparents.
A. which B. that C. who D. where
25. The hotel _____ during our holidays stands by the seaside.
A. in which we stayed B. where we stayed at
C. we stayed D. in that we stayed

26. I have bought the same dress _____ she is wearing.

A. as B. that C. which D. than
27. He is not _____ a fool _____.
A. suchas he is looked B. suchas he looks
C. asas he is looked D. soas he looks
28. The time ______ was given to us was too limited. We must hurry up.
A. when B. during which C. that D. for which
29. Some of the roads were flooded, _____ made our journey more difficult.
A. which B. it C. what D. that
30. He must be from Africa, _____ can be seen from his skin.
A. that B. as C. who D. what
31. He has two sons, _____ work as chemists.
A. two of whom B. both of whom C. both of which D. all of whom
32. The buses, _____ were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd.
A. most of that B. which most C. most of which D. that most
33. My glasses, _____ I was like a blind man, fell to the ground and broke.
A. which B. with which C. without which D. that
34. Mr. Wu, _____ everybody likes, is going to give us a talk on chemistry.
A. whom B. that C. which D.
35. This is Mr. Smith, _____ I think has something interesting to tell us.
A. who B. whom C. that D.
36. _____, the compass was first made in China.
A. It is known to all B. It is known that
C. We all know D. As is known to all
37. I, _____ your good friend, will try my best to help you out.
A. who is B. who am C. that is D. what is
38. He is a man of great experience, _____ much can be learned.
A. who B. that C. from which D. from whom
39. It was such a serious mistake, _____ caused by carelessness.
A. which I think was B. which I think it was
C. I think which was D. I think which it was
40. He lived in London for 3 months, during _____ he picked up some English.
A. this B. which C. that D. when
41. The general at last got a chance to visit the village _____ he used to fight, _____ he had been dreaming of for years.
A. thatwhich B. wherethat C. in whichwhat D. wherewhich
42. I will hire the man _____ they say is a good English speaker.
A. who B. that C. which D. whom
43. He has to work on Sundays, _____ he does not like.
A. and which B. which C. and when D. when
44. I gave him a warning, _____ he turned a deaf ear.
A. of which B. for which C. to that D. to which
45. My father has made me _____ I am.
A. who B. which C. what D. that
46. She is one of the few girls who _____ passed the examination.
A. was B. were C. has D. have
47. He is my son, _____ a better son does not exist.
A. but B. than who C. against whom D. than whom
48. As many members _____ were present agreed to the plan.
A. who B. that C. which D. as
49. You may call on me from one to five o’clock, during _____ I am always at home.

A. the time B. what time C. that time D. which time
50. China is the birthplace of kites, _____ kiteflying (放风筝) spread to Japan, Korea, and India.
A. from there B. where C. from where D. there
二. 用定语从句完成下列句子：
1. I’ve grown so crazy about everything ________________________________________________ (与大
自然有关的).

2. I am only able to look at nature through dirty curtains ____________________________ (挂在满是灰尘的窗前的).

3. Later in the next century, people ___________________________ (来自英格兰的) made voyage to conquer other
parts of the world.

4. At first the English ______________________ __________________________________________ (在公元450至
1150年间所说的) was very different from the English whichthat is spoken today.

5. When I told her that our journey would begin at an altitude ________________________________ (有五千多米高的),
she seemed to be excited about it.

6. The book ______________________________________________ (老师刚刚提到的) will be very helpful with our
English learning.

7. Mr. Smith is very wealthy, but he is always driving an old car ____________________________ (门都已经破了的).

8. Scientists are trying to explain the reasons _____________________________________________ (为什么地球正在
变暖).

9. Li Hua has two cousins ___________________________________ (在北京工作的), and another one
_______________________________ (在家乡务农的).

10. There are three books on the desk, all of _______________________________________________ (都是有关南非黑
人的平等权利的).

Answers to the practice:
一.
1 – 5 CADAB 6 – 10 DABDC
11 – 15 ADCCC 16 – 20 ADCBC
21 – 25 BBADA 26 – 30 ABCAB
31 – 35 BCCAA 36 – 40 DBDAB
41 – 45 DABDC 46 – 50 DCDDC
二.
1. that has something to do with nature
2. thatwhich were hanging before very dusty windows
3. who came from England
4. whichthat was spoken in England between about AD 450 and 1150
5. whichthat was of more than 5,000 meters
6. whichthat the teacher mentioned just now
7. whose door is broken
8. why the earth is becoming warmer
9. who are working in Beijing; who is farming in the hometown
10. which are about the equal rights for black people in South Africa