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4定语从句讲解 定稿

作者:高考题库网
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2020-10-21 20:41
tags:定语从句讲解

盖以诱敌的盖的意思-赵公元帅

2020年10月21日发(作者:寿嘉华)


定语从句讲解
一、概念: He is the boy who often goes to school late.
先行词 关系词 定语从句
1. She is the old woman that I saw this morning.
2. Mary is the girl who works in Japan.
3. Is this the key which you are looking for?
4. October 1, 1949 is the day when New China was founded.
5. Tom is reading in the room where the others are watching TV.
6. I don’t know the reason why she looks unhappy today.
阅读上述句子,试着总结定语从句的一般规律:
a. 定语从句是________和________的关系;
b. 观察上述六个句子,that, who, which 所引导的句子特点是___________________________;
when, where, why 所引导的句子特点是___________________.
that, who, which
叫做
关系代词

when, where, why
叫做
关系副词

练习:填适当的关系词,并且指出所填关系词在句子中所做成分。
1. We are learning English _____ is used in many places in the world.
2. Most Americans love Chinese food____ is cooked in a different way from western food.
3. This magazine belongs to the teacher ____ teaches us history.
4. The house _____ stands on the top of the hill was built last month.
5. The medicine _____ he bought is good for your health.
6. We won’t forget the day _____the hero was killed.
7. The student _____ the teachers are talking about has won the first prize in the English contest.
8. The newspaper ____ you are reading is two days old.
9. I’ll never forget the day _______ I joined the League.
10. I’ll never forget the time ____ we spent together in the army camp.
11. Tell me the reason ______ the American lady left.
12. The present _____ he gave her yesterday evening is still unopened.
二. 阅读下述句子总结什么情况下关系词必须用that
1. This is the longest bridge that I have ever seen.
2. I happened to be the thousandth guest that visited the great hotel.
3. This is the first composition that he has ever written in English.
4. He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited.
5. Who is the man that came this morning?
6. Which is the bag that you lost?
7. He is the very person that the police are looking for.
8. This is the only thing that I can remember.
9. Tell us everything that you know, please.
10. Is there anything that you don’t understand?
11. All that glitters is not gold.
12. I’ve read all the books that you gave me.
总结先行词为什么情况时关系词必须用that.
1. 先行词为最高级或被最高级修饰时;

2. ________________
3. ________________
4. _________________
5.________________
6._________________
7. _________________
三. 阅读下述句子: 总结关系词whose的用法:whose表示_________与__________有从属关系。
Mary is the girl whose parents work in Japan.
Last week I bought a car, whose price is reasonable.
whose 用来指人或物,(只用作定语, 若指物,它还可以同of which互换)。
They rushed over to help the man
. H

is
car had broken down.
car had broken down.

, whose
, of whom

the

car
had broken down.


, the car of whom
Please pass me the book
. ______


cover is green.
cover is green.

, ______

, ___ _____ ____

cover


is green.


, ___ ____ ____ ____

四. 下述句子中which的用法有何相同的地方:which 指代___________.
China is a developing country, which we all know.
He failed in the exam, which surprised us all.
Carol said the work would be done by October, which personally I doubt very much.
He was very rude to the Customs officer, which made things even worse.
五. “介词+ 关系词” 及关系副词when, where, why. 介词后面能接的基本是_______和_________。
1). The box is full of bottles. He is standing on the box.
----> The box on which he is standing is full of bottles. The box where he is standing is full of bottles.
2). This is the train. We work on the train.
---->This is the train on which we work. This is the train where we work.
练习:
This is the hospital ____ ____ her mother works.
This is the hospital ____ her mother works.
They are building a hospital on the street ____ ____ we used to live.
They are building a hospital on the street ____ we used to live.
The village ____ _____ I once worked has changed a lot.
The village ____ I once worked has changed a lot.

3). I know the reason. She did it for the reason.
---->I know the reason for which she did it. I know the reason why she did it.
4). The man is our school master. You shook hands with the man just now.
----> The man with whom you shook hands is our schoolmaster.
5). The pen is made in Shanghai. She is writing with the pen.


----> The pen with which she is writing is made in Shanghai.
注意:
不能拆开的词组: look for look after catch hold of take care of put on take off…….
用“介词+关系代词”填空:
1. Have you ever read the book ____ ______ there are many pictures?
2. The man _____ _____ he had a talk yesterday is a doctor.
3. The library _____ _____ we often borrow books is very large.
4. The gentleman _____ ______ you just spoke is our headmaster.
5. This is the new bicycle _____ ______ I spent five hundred dollars.
6. Here are the table tennis players, some __ _____ are our old friends.
7. The tool _____ _________ he is working is called a spade.
8. China has hundreds of islands the largest _____ _______ is Taiwan.
9. The school has 2600 students, two thirds ____ ______ are girls.
10. Water is a liquid, the freezing point ______ ______ is 0’C.
11. Give me a piece of paper ___ _____ I can write the phone number.
12. The boy built a telescope _____ ______ he could study the skies.
六.as 作为关系代词, 习惯上用于下列词组:the same....as such ...as as ... as, so…as
1. Take as many books as you want.
2. Here is so big a stone as no man can lift.
3. He read such books as will make him wiser.
4. The town is about the same distance from Nanjing as Yangzhou is.
As 用于非限制性定语从句,常见以下句型:
as you know, as we have seen, as is known to all, as anybody can see, as was expected, as we can
imagine, as has been pointed out
As 在句子中翻译为: _________. As 在从句中充当的句子成分为: _____或 ____.
As we have seen, oceans cover more than 70 percent of the earth.
Oceans cover more than 70 percent of the earth, as we have seen.
She was awarded a gold medal, which the whole family considered a great honor.
as与which的用法区别:as与 which在非限制性定语从句中 ,都可指代整个主句,但as引导的从句可
放在主句______和________, 而 which引导的从句只可放在主句__________.
_______ is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior schools is increasing.
You can buy as many copies of this book ________ you want.
______ is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress.
七.定语从句特殊情况:
1. the same…as, the same …that 的区别
This is the same bag as I lost yesterday. (相似的事物)
I am wearing the same coat that I wore yesterday. (同一事物)
Don’t make the same mistake ______ you did last time.
2. way 作先行词:the way=the way in which
I don’t like the way (by which) you speak to her.
3. Tom ate more food _______ was good for his health.
A. that B. as C. than D. which
4. where 充当抽象地点:
I work in a business where almost everyone is waiting for a great chance.
I can think of many cases where students know lots of English words and expressions but they can’t write a good
essay.

八、定语从句和同位语从句的区别:
定语从句相当于形容词作定语, 对先行词加以限制或修饰,同位语从句相当于名词,对先行词加以补充或说明,连接词that在定语从句中充当某个成分,而that在同位语从句不充当句子成分.
The promise that my uncle gave me made us happy. (定语从句)
The promise that my uncle would give me a new bike made us happy. (同位语从句)
The news that they had won exited us.

练习一:
1. Anyone ____ comes to China will surely visit the Great Wall near Beijing.
2. Anyone ____ has a cold should have a good rest.
3. He is the only person ______ saw the accident yesterday.
4. He did all ______ was necessary to be done.
5. Everything ____ I know will be taught to the students.
6. This is the best film _____ I have ever seen.
7. The man _______ wife died last year has gone to Japan.
8. Her parents wouldn’t let him marry anyone ____ family was poor.
9. Don’t get close to the house, ______ roof is under repair.
10. ________ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.
11. ________ has been announced, we shall have our final exams next month.
练习二:
1. He had over 300 ships, some of ______ were over 150 meters long and could carry up 10000 people.
2. Can you think of a situation _______ this word is used?
3. The Vikings are a group of people, ______ ancestors came from Scandinavia.
4. He was impressed by the Summer Palace ______he described as “The greatest palace ____ ever was”.
5. He was the man ____ ____ she discussed her plan.
6. Eric set sail with 25 ships, ____ _____ only 14 made it to Greenland.
7. He had committed a murder, ______ _____ he got into trouble.
8. He was confused by the black stones______ people used to burn for fuel.
练习三:改错
Correct the mistakes

1. This is the factory where we visited last week.
2. This is the watch for which Tom is looking.
3. The person to who you spoke is a student of Grade Two.
4. The house in that we live is very small.
5. The sun gives off light and warmth, that makes it possible for plants to grow.
6. I’ve read all the books which I borrowed from the library.
7. This is the best film which I have ever seen.
8. My father and Mr. Smith talked about things and persons who they remembered in the country.
9. Everything which we saw was of great interest.
10. His dog, that was now very old, became ill and died.


高考定语从句集锦:
1. — Why does she always ask you for help? There is no one else _______, is there? (2005北京)
A. who to turn to B. she can turn to C. for whom to turn to D. for her to turn
2. If a shop has chairs _________ women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop.
A. that B. which C. when D. where(2005上海)
3. Last month, part of Southeast Asia was stuck by floods, from ________ effects the people are still suffering.
A. that B. whose C. those D. what (2005天津)
4. Mark was a student at this university from 1999to 2003, ______________he studied very hard and was made
Chairman of the Students’ Union. (2005重庆)
A.during which time B.for which time C.during whose time D.by that time
5. Her sister has become a lawyer, ___________she wanted to be. (2005湖北)
A. who B. that C. what D. which
6. — Is that the small town you often refer to?
— Right, just the one_________ you know I used to work for years.
A.that B.which C.where D.what(2005福建)
7. He was educated at a local grammar school, __________ he went on to Cambridge. (2005山东)
A. from which B. after that C. after which D. from this
8. Jim passed the driving test, __________surprised everybody in the office. 2005浙江)
A. which B. that C. this D. it
9. _________ I explained on the phone, your request will be considered at the next morning. 2005浙江)
A. When B. after C. As D. Since
10. The place ________ the bridge is supposed to be built should be _______ the cross- river traffic is the
heaviest. (2005江苏)
A. which; where B. at which; which C. at which; where D. which; in which
11. Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes
________ people were eaten by the tiger. (2005广东)
A. in which B. by which C. which D. that
12. The owner of the cinema needed to make a lot of improvements and employ more people to keep it running,
______ meant spending tens of thousands of pounds. ( 2006江苏卷)
A. who B. that C. as D. which
13. Look out! Don’t get too close to the house _____ roof is under repair. (2006福建卷)
A. whose B. which C. of which D. what
14. We saw several natives advancing towards our party, and one of them came up to us, ________we gave some
bells and glasses. (2006湖南)
A. to which B. to whom C. with whom D. with which
15. I saw a woman running to ward me in the dark. Before I could recognize who she was,she had run back in
the direction ________ she had come. (2006重庆卷)
A. of which B. by which C. in which D. from which.
16. Do you still remember the chicken farm______ we visited three months ago? (2005北京春)
A. where B. when C. that D. what



高考各种从句综合练习:(定语从句,状语从句,名词性从句)
1. Anyway, that evening, ____ I’ll tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Rachel’s place.
A. when B. where C. what D. which (2004浙江)
2. __________ most of the earth’s surface is covered by water, fresh water is very rare and precious.
A. As B. Once C. If D. Although ( 06上海春季 )
3. I work in a business _________ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance. (2004湖南)
A. how B. which C. where D. that
4. __________ we can't get seems better than __________ we have.
A. What, what B. What, that C. That, that D. That, what
5. There are two buildings, __________ stands nearly a hundred feet high. (2004湖北)
A.the larger B.the larger of them C.the larger one that D.the larger of which
6. What surprised me was not what he said but _________ he said it. (2004湖北)
A.the way B.in the way that C.in the way D.the way which
7. The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% __________are sold abroad .
A.of which B.which of C.of them D.of that(2004辽宁)
8. American women usually identify their best friend as someone _____ they can talk frequently.
A. who B. as C. about which D. with whom(2004上海)
9. in the newspaper that the Japanese Minister will arrive next Monday .
A.It says B.It is said C.It has said D.He is said
10. The town is no longer it was ten years ago.
A.which B.that C.what D.when
11. was a well -known fact.
A.That their team was weak B.That their team being weak
C.Their team was weak D.If their team was weak
12. It is possible he misunderstood I said.
A.that ,that B.what, what C.what , that D.that, what
13. I wonder how much .
A.cost these shoes B.do these shoes cost C.these shoes cost D.are these shoes cost
14. In time of serious accidents,_________ we know some basic things about first aid, we can save lives.
A. whether B. until C. if D. unless ( 06重庆 )
15. The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, _____ the sailing time was 226 days.
A. of which B. during which C. from which D. for which (2004广西)
16. Someone called me up in the middle of the night, but they hung up ____________ I could answer the
phone. A. as B. since C. until D. before
17. You should make it a rule to leave things _____________ you can find them again. (99)
A. when B. where C. then D. there
18. Mother was worried because little Alice was ill, especially _____________ Father was away in
France.
A. as B. that C. during D. if

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