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宾语从句和定语从句讲解

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2020-10-21 20:43
tags:定语从句讲解

pretender-怀恩

2020年10月21日发(作者:安又琪)


宾语从句与定语从句讲解
(一)
that 引导得宾语从句

宾语从句得引导连词有 that, who, whose, what, which, 副词when, where, how, w
hy, whether, if
可以跟that 从句做宾语得动词有:say, think ,wish, hope, wonder, know, suppose,
see, believe, agree、
1、在学习宾语从句得时候要知道宾语从句得构成
I heard that he would e here later on。
主语 谓语动词 引导词 一个句子作宾语
2、要注意在宾语从句中主句与从句得时态要呼应
(a)当主句用一般现在时,从句要根据实际情况,选择时态
例如:I believe(that)you did your best for that。
I believe(that)you will do your best for that、
(b) 当主句得时态用一般过去时,从句要用相应得过去时态(过去时代包括,过去进
行时 ,一般过去时,过去将来时,过去完成时等过去时态)
例如:I hear that he will e here later on 。
I heard that he would come here later on。
I can’t tell him that his mother died.
(c)当主句得时态用得就是过去时态,但就是 从句得内容就是对客观事情得叙述,
从句依然用一般现在时态。
例如:My teacher said that the earth goes around the sun.
That 引导得定语从句与that 引导得宾语从句得区别
定语从句在句中作主句得定语,修饰前面得名词或 代词、被修饰得词叫先行词,引导定
语从句得词叫关系代词。我们今天要学习得时由关系代词that来 引导得定语从句
一,that在定语从句中既可指代人也可指代物。先行词就是人或者物时,可以用t hat
来引导
如:Have you seen the woman that is wearing red coat?


He found the girl that we’re looking for。
Please show me the photo that you like best。
关系代词that在从句中可充当主语或 者就是宾语,在当关系代词在句中充当定语
从句得宾语时,常常省略。
He found the girl (that) we are looking for.
1. The fan is on the desk、 You want it、
_________________ ________________________________________
_
2. The man is in the next room。 He brought our textbooks here yesterday。
____________________ _____________________________________
_
3、 The magazine is mine。 He has taken it away。
__ __________________________________________________ ____
__
4、 The students will not pass the exam. They don’t study har
d。
_____________ _____________________________________________
5。 The woman is our geography teacher、 You saw her in the p
ark、
_________________________ _________________________________
6. The letter is from my sister、 I received it yesterday.
______________________________________________ ____________
7、 The play was wonderful、 We saw it last night、
_______________________________ _______________________
____
That 引导得宾语从句
He promised that he would never make that mistake again


We all believe the promise that he made to us
宾语从句中that为连词,不充当任何成分,可以省略
定语从句中that为关系代词,充当从句得主语或者就是宾语,充当宾语时可以省略
选择填空:
1。 The man ____ visited our school yesterday is from Londo
n、
A、 that?B。 which?C。 whom D。 when
2。 The woman ____ is talking to my mother is a friend of hers.
A、 whose?B。 that C. whom?D。 which
3. Tom did not take away the camera because it was just the
same camera ____ he lost last week。
A、 which B、 that C。 whom??D、 as
4. Where is the man ____ I met this morning?
A、 when?B、 where?C、 which D。
5、 The doctor ____ is leaving for Africa next month。
A. the nurse is talking to him B. whom the nurse is talking
C。 the nurse is talking to?D。 who the nurse is talking
6。 The man ____ around our school is from America。
A、 which you showed B、 you showed him
C。 you showed D。 where you showed
7。 Have you read the book ____ I lent to you?
A。 that ?B。 whom C。 when?D。 whose
?
8. Jack is pleased with ____ you have given him and all ____ you
have told him.
A. that, what??B. what, that??C。 which, what ?D、 that, which


9 He found ____the book ____is about Australia is very int
eresting
A what, when B that, where C that, / D , that
10 I am very happy ____ I was chosen to represent our school to
take part in the petition
A、 what B why C which D that
注意!宾语从句小口诀: 宾语从句三注意,时态语序引导词; 主句一般现在时,从句不
需受限制; 主句一般过去时,从句须用相应时; 陈述句转化that引,一般疑问句用if
whether, 特殊问句疑问词,引导词后陈述式。
whether 或 if 引导得宾语从句
主要用来引导一般疑问句意思或选择疑问句意思得宾语从句,从句同样就是陈述语
序 eg, I wonder if /whether you have told the news to Li Lei .
注意:一般情况下,whether 与if 可以互用,
但有些情况例外。
a、 当从句做介词得宾于就是只用whether 不用if eg, We are talking about
whether we'll go on the picnic。
b、 引导词与动词不定式或 not 连用时, 只用whether、 eg, Please let m
e know what to do next. Could you tell me whether you go or not?
c。 if当如果讲时, 引导得就是条件状语从句, 这时不能用whether
特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时,引导词用特殊疑问词;引导词后要用陈述句语序。
E。g。 Could you tell me what’s the matterwrong with you?
特殊情况
当do you think后接特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时,句式结构应为引导词+do you thin
k+陈述句语序、
人称得变化与标点得使用
a. 从句得主语如果就是 第一人称,变为宾语从句则与主句得主语一致;如果就是第二人称,则
与主句得宾语一致;如果就是第三 人称,不用变化。如: “May I use your knife?”He
asked me. →He asked me if he might use my knife、
“Do you know her telephone number?”He asked me. →He asked me if
I know her telephone number、
b. 宾语从句得标点均由主句决定。主句就是陈述句,用句号;主句就是疑问句,用问号。如: W
ho will give us a talk? I don?t know。 →I don?t know who will give
us a talk.
Do you know?Where does he live? →Do you know where he lives


巩固练习
1。 Have you decided ________for Australia?
A。 when will you leave B。 when do you leave C。 you will leave when D。
when you will leave
2、 Can you tell me _________ ?
A。 where does Tom live B. where Tom lived C、 Tom lives where D、
where Tom lives
3、 The old man asked me ________ 。
二,定语从句
定义:在复合句中,修饰某一
名词

代词
得从句叫做定语从句。
如:1) The man who lives next to us is a policeman。
2) You must do everything that I do.
上面两句中得man与everything就是定语从句所修饰得词,叫先 行词,定语
从句放在先行词得后面。
引导定语从句得词有关系代词that, which, who(宾格whom, 所有格wh
ose)与关系副词where, when、why
关系词常有三个作用:1、引导定语从句 2、代替先行词 3、在定语从句中担
当一个成分
关系代词引导得定语从句
1。who指人,在从句中做主语
(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One。
(2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way。
如果先行词就是anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someo
ne, somebody,关系代词应该用


who 或whom、 例:Is there anyone here who will go with you?
2. whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略、
(1) Mr、 Liu is the person (whom) you talked about、
注意:关系代词whom在口语与非正式语体中常用who代替,可省略。
(2) The man whowhom you met just now is my friend、
3。 which指物,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略
(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys。
( which 在句子中做主语)
(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday。
( which 在句子中做宾语)
4。 that指人时,相当于who或者whom;指物时,相当于which。
在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略、
(5) The people that/who come to visit the city
are all here、 (在句子中做主语)
(6) Where is the man thatwhom I saw this morning? (在句
子中做宾语)
具体使用时还要注意下列问题:
?1,只能使用that, 不用which 得情况:
(1) 先行词就是all, few, little, nothing, everything, anything 等不定代
词时。例如: All that he said is true。 ?
(2) 先行词被only, no, any, all,等词修饰时。例如: He is the only f
oreigner that has been to that place、 ?


(3) 先行词就是序数词或被序数词修饰得词。例如: He was the second
(person) that told me the secret.
(4) 先行词就是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰得词。 This is the best b
ook (that) I have read this year.?
(5) 先行词既包括人又包括物时、例如: He talked about the people a
nd the things he remembered.
2,只用which不用that得情况:
(3) 非限制性定语从句中,不能用关系代词that,作宾语用得关系代词也不能省
略。例如:The boy, who is good at soccer, comes from Xi
njiang。?That necklace, which you gave me as a pres
ent, was lost yesterday、
非限定性定语从句得作用 就是对所修饰得成分作进一步说明,通常就是引导词与
先行词之间用逗号隔开,将从句拿掉后其她部分仍 可成立
?Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last
year。 查理·史密斯去年退休了,她曾经就是我得老师。(非限)
?There is somebody here who wants to speak to you这里有人要
与您说话(限制性)
(4) which还有一种特殊用法,它可以引导从句修饰前面得整个主句,代替主
句所表示 得整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中,which可以作主语,也可以作
宾语或表语,多数情况下意思 就是与and this 相似,并可以指人。例如:
He did very well in the petition, which made his pare
nts very happy、


(5) 如果作先行词得集体名词着眼于集体得整体,关系代词用whi ch;若就是指集
体中得各个成员,则用who。
5、 whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语
(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor、
(2) I lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.
whose指物时,常用以下结构来代替
(3)The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repair
ed.
=The classroom the door of which is broken will soo
n be repaired.
(5)Do you like the book whose color is yellow?
=Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?
6。 when 指时间,在定语从句中作状语。例如:?I’ll never forget the
time when we worked on the farm。 He arrived in Beiji
ng on the day when I left、?
7。 where 指地点,在定语从句中作状语。例如:This is the house where we
lived last year. The factory where his father works is in
the east of the city ?
8. ”介词+关系代词”就是一个普遍使用得结构。
(1) "介词+关系代词"可以引导限制性定 语从句,也可以引导非限制性定语
从句。介词+关系代词结构中得介词可以就是 in, on, about, from, for,
with, to at, of, without 等,关系代词只可用whom或 which, 不可用


that 。?例:Is that the house in which you live ?? 关系代词 wh
om, which 在定语从句中作介词宾语时,可以与介词一起放于先行词与定语从
句之间,有时为了关系紧凑也可以将 whom 与 which 与先行词紧挨着书
写,而将介词置于定语从句得后面,如:That was the room in which w
e had lived for ten years、 = That was the room which
we had lived in for ten years. 像listen to, look at, take ca
re of等固定短语动词,在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。例如:Thi
s is the boy whom she has taken care of。
及时巩固:
一,请分析一下定语从句:( 请划出定语从句,并标出先行词)
1。 Check the ways you study for an English test.
2。 Another thing that I found very difficult was English
grammar、
3。 You couldn't understand people who talked fast、
4、 I have some ideas that may help。
5、 They said something you didn’t like.
6. Can you think of any problems you have had r
ecently?
8. He would always take pride in everything good I do、
9。 My friends and I talked about the rules that we have in
school。
10. What are some of the rules that a teenager should obey?


12。 If you know anyone else who collects them, please tell
me。
13、 Standing very close to the person you are talking
with is quite mon in some countries、
14。 If you know someone you know doing this, you can
ask them.
15、 All I ever wanted to do was traveling、
二、用关系代词填空:that 、which 、who、 whom 、whose
1。 This is the man ________ wants to see you.
2. The student ___________ answered the question is Zhan
g Hua.
3. The man __________ you went to see has e、
4、 The man ___________I met yesterday lent me some m
oney、
5. The woman _______________ you saw is our geo
graphy teacher。
6。 The runner ________________ you are asking about
is over there.
7。 The person ______________ you should write to is
Mr。 Ball、
8。 The man ___________was passing by saw what
happened.


9。 Here is the pen _________ you lost the day before y
esterday.
10、 These books _____________ you lent me were very
useful、
11。 The storybook ____________ I have just read canno
t be easily forgotten。
12、 A clock is a machine ______ tells people the ti
me、
13. This is shirt _______________I bought yesterday、
14. A dictionary is a book _____________ gives the mea
ning to the word、
15. The book
。、。
_
_
______
_
___ is on the table is mine。
16. The film ____________ they are talking about is very inter
esting、
17。 I will never forget the people and the places _____

I
have ever visited、
18. Is there anyone ____________ family is in Beijing?
19。 Show me the boy ______________ mother is a well—known s
inger、
20。 The boy______ father is a teacher is good at English.
三、单项选择


( ) 1、 Your teacher of Chinese is a young lady____ es from
Beijing、
A、 who ?B。 which
?D. whose
C。 whom
( ) 3. The students were all interested ____ you told them
yesterday.
A。 in which B。 in that this C、 all that
?D。 in everything
( ) 4。 He was the only person in his office______ was invit
ed。
A、 whom B。 whose ?C. that
??D、 which
( ) 5。 This is the museum______ we visited last year、
A、 where B. in which
??D. in that
( ) 6。 Charlie told his mother all____ had happened、
A. that
D。 who
B、 what C. which ?
C。 which
( ) 7、 Do you know the student_____?
A、 whom I often talk ??B。 with who I
often talk
C、 I often talk with ?? D、 that I often talk


( ) 8、 I like the house_____ windows face south。
A、 whose B、 who's ??C、 it's ??D、 its
( ) 9、 Would you tell me where to get the dictionary ____
_?
A. what I need B.I need ?
C、 which I need it
( ) 10。 The young woman_____
young doctor.
A. who ? B。 to whom
that
D。 that I need it
I spoke just now is a
?C、 whom ? D、

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