华章的意思-戏字开头的成语
初三英语定语从句讲解及练习题
在复合句中修饰名词和代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫
做先行词。
引导定语从句的关系代词有who, whose, whom, which, that 。
引导定语从句的关系副词有when, where, why。
关系代词在定语从句中做主语,宾语,定语。关系副词在定语从句中做状语。
一、who引导
的定语从句,who在从句中做主语(口语中也可做宾语),修饰表示人的先行
词。
This
is the man who helped me.
The boy whowhom we
saw yesterday is John’s brother.
二、whom引导的定语从句
,whom在从句中作宾语,修饰表示人的先行词,口语中可以省
略。
The doctor
(whom) you are looking for is in the room.
The
person (whom) you just talked to is Mr. Li.
=The person to whom you just talked is Mr. Li.
(介词后 whom不能省略)
The babies whom the nurses are
looking after are very healthy.
(固定短语中的介词一般不能拆开,仍放在动词之后。look for look after
take care of
put on take off…)
三、whose引导的定语从句,whose在从句中作定语,修饰表示人或物的先行词。
Do you know the woman whose name is Mary.
Pass me the dictionary whose cover is
black.
He has a friend whose father is a doctor.
四、that引导的定语从句,that在从句中做主语或宾语、修饰表示人或物的先行词。作
宾语时可
省略,不能放在介词后面作宾语.
(that指人时,相当于who或者whom;指物时,
相当于which)
The
letter (thatwhich) I received was from my father.
I can’t find the letter thatwhich came this
morning.
Do you still remember the days
(thatwhich)we spent together ?
This is the man
thatwho helped me.
The house (thatwhich) we
live in is not large. =The house in which we live
is not large.
The doctor (thatwhom who)you are
looking for is in the room.
五、which引导的定语从句,whi
ch在从句中做主语,也可做宾语,或介词的宾语,修
饰表示物的先行词。
This is
the book (whichthat ) you want.
The building
whichthat stands near the river is our school.
The room in which there is a machine is a
workshop.(介词后面的which不能省略)
The house
(whichthat) we live in is not large.
This is
the watch (whichthat ) he was looking for.
六、that 和which 都可以修饰表示物的先行词, 但是下列情况只能用that.
①. 先行词为不定代词all, few, little, much, everything,
nothing, anything等.
All (that) you have to do
is to practise every day. There isn’t much (that)
I can do.
Tell us everything that you know,
please.
Is there anything that you don’t
understand?
②. 先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级所修饰时.
The
first lesson (that) I learned will never be
forgotten.
This is the best film (that ) I
have ever seen.
③. 先行词被all, any, every, few,
little, no, some, much 等不定代词修饰时.
I have read
all the books (that) you gave me.
④. 先行词被the
only, the very, the last, the same 等修饰时.
This
is the very book that I want to read.
This
is the same book that I want to read.
This is the last time ( that ) I shall
give you a lesson.
This is the only thing that
I can remember.
七、由when
引导的定语从句,修饰表示时间的先行词,when为关系副词,做定语从
句的时间状语。
I
still remember the day when I first came to
Beijing.
I still remember the day on which I
first came to Beijing.
( 介词+which可以代替 when)
I’ll never forget the time when we worked on
the farm.
I remember the days whichthat we
spent together.
八、由where
引导的定语从句,修饰表示地点的先行词,where为关系副词,做定语从
句的地点状语。
This is the place where we lived for five
years.
The factory where his father works is
in the west of the city.
The factory in which
his father works is in the west of the city.
(
介词+which可以代替where)
This is a place whichthat I
wanted to visit.
Shanghai is the city where
I was born.
九、Why引导的定语从句,why做原因状语。
I know
the reason why he came late. ( for+which可以代替why)
The reason why for which he was late was that
he was ill.
十、关系代词在从句中作主语,谓语动词的数与先行词保持一致。
The student who is good at English studies
hard.
The students who are good at English
study hard.
十一、定语从句可分为两大类,即限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
① 限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语,如果去掉的话,主句的意
思就不完整,
意义就表述不明。这种句型一般定语从句紧接先行词(不用逗号隔开)如:
I was the
only person in my office who was invited.
② 非限
制性定语从句。它与主句的关系不十分密切,只是对先行词起补充、说明
的作用,也就是说即便去掉定语
从句,句意也不受影响。主从句之间常用逗号分开,且
非限制性定语从句不能用that来引导。
This was the American Civil War, which lasted
4 years before the North won in the end.
二、单项选择。
( )1. This is the bag _____ my
mother bought yesterday.
A. that
B. who C. whom D. this
( )2. The man
_____ lives next to us is my English teacher.
A. whom B. which C. who D.
( )3.
The girl _____ you saw in the street is Mary.
A. that B. whose C. which D. as
(
)4. Is this the factory _____ a lot of students
visited yesterday?
A. the one B.
which C. who D. whom
( )5. Is this
factory _____ a lot of students visited yesterday?
A. the one B. that C. which
D.
( )6. The only language _____ is easy
to learn is the mother tongue.
A.
which B. that C. D. it
( )7. The
girl handed everything _____ she had picked up in
the street to the police.
A. which
B. in which C. that D. all
( )8. _____
cleans the blackboard should be praised.
A. That B. Who C. The one who D. The students
who
( )9. Please show me the book _____ you
bought yesterday.
A. which B. whom
C. whose D. this
( )10. This is the best
book _____ I have been looking for all this year.
A. who B. whom C. which D.
( )11. This is the only article of these
that _____ written by him.
A.
was B. were C. is D. are
( )12. The
man _____ was here just now is a doctor.
A. whom B. who C. D. he
( )13. The
boy _____ has two lovely dogs. A. who live next
door
B. which lives next door C.
whom lives next door D. that lives next door
( )14. Those _____ made no mistakes in
today’s exercises please raise your hands.
A. which B. whom C. that D. who
(
)15. Don’t go in, this is the shop _____ we have
just been _____.
A. , to B. that,
C. where, to D. which, there
( )16. He is
the most careful boy _____ I know.
A.
what B. which C. as D. .
( )17. This
is the school _____ Mr. Smith once taught.
A. in that B. when C. where D. there
(
)18. Have you visited the house _____ the famous
scientist was born?
A. where B. in
that C. that D. which
( )19. The
factory _____ Mr. Li used to work was closed last
week.
A. when B. where C. that
D. which
( )20. Do you still remember the
day _____ we first met?
A. that B.
when C. what D. on that
( )21. The time
_____ we studied together is not easily forgotten.
A. that B. when C. where D. in which
( )22. October 1,1949 is the day _____
we’ll never forget.
A. when B.
that C. where D. in which
( )23.
October 1,1949 was the day _____ the People’s
Republic of China was founded.
A.
which B. when C. where D. in which
(
)24. Is this the shop _____ sells children’s
clothing?
A. which B. where C. in
which D. what
( )25. Is this museum _____
they visited last month?
A. that
B. which C. where D. the one
( )26. I
still remember the sitting-room _____ my mother
and I used to sit in the evening.
A.
what B. which C. that D. where
三、句型转换
1.The film is interesting. They saw it last
night.
___________________________________
____________________________________
2.The
students will not pass the exam. They don’t work
hard.
_____________________________________
__________________________________
3.The lady
is our teacher. You saw her just now.
_
__________________________________________________
____________________
4.I was reading a book.
The book is about a boy.
_________________
__________________________________________________
____
5.He is the young writer.He wrote the
book.
___________________________________
____________________________________
6.I like
Chinese tea with nothing in it.
I like
Chinese tea _______________ ______________nothing
in it.
7.The girl who is wearing the red coat
is very clever.
The girl ______________ the
red coat is very clever.
8.The strange thing
with three legs was used for drinking long before.
The strange thing _______ ________ three legs
was used for drinking long before.
参考答案
答案:
1. that 2. that 3. where
4. where 5. when 6. which that 8. which
9.
that 10. whose 11. whose
一. 单项选择
定语从句1~5 A C A B A 6~10 B C C A D 11~15 C B
D D A 16~20 D C A B
B 21~26 B B B A D D
二. 在下列定语从句中,用适当的介词填空。
1. with 2.
through 3. from 4. by 5. of
10. at
11. on 12. on 13. of 14. against
15. of
6. under
7. without 8. to
9. in