(word完整版)初中定语从句讲解练习和答案解析

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一、定义：在复合句中，修饰某一
名词
或
代词
的从句叫做定语从句。
定语 定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的，是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语（动词不定式 短语、动
名词短语和分词短语）或句子，汉语中常用‘……的’表示。主要由形容词担任，此外，名词， 代词，数词，分
词，副词，不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任，也可以由一个句子来担任。单词作定语时 通常放在它所修饰的词
之前，作前置定语。短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后，作后置定语。
定语从句是指在一个句子中作定语的句子，定语从句要放在所修饰的词后。
如：1) The man who lives next to us is a policeman.
2) You must do everything that I do.
上面两句中的man和e verything是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。
引导定语从句的词有关系代词that, which, who(宾格who, 所有格whose)和关系副词where, when、why
关系词常有三个作用：1、引导定语从句 2、代替先行词 3、在定语从句中担当一个成分
二、关系代词引导的定语从句
指人，在从句中做主语
(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One.
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(2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.
2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。
(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about.
注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。
(3) The man whowhom you met just now is my friend.
3. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略
(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. ( which 在句子中做主语)
(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. ( which 在句子中做宾语)
4. that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。
在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。
(5) The people thatwho come to visit the city are all here. (在句子中做主语)
(6) Where is the man thatwhom I saw this morning? (在句子中做宾语)
5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语
(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.
(2) I lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.
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whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替
(3)The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.
=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.
(5)Do you like the book whose color is yellow?
=Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?
注：that 用法
(1)不用that的情况
(a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时。
(错)The tree, that is four hundred years old, Is very famous here.
(b) 介词后不能用。
We depend on the land from which we get our food.
We depend on the land thatwhich we get our food from.
(2) 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况
(a) 在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。
(b) 在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, the one, all等作先行词时，只用
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that，不用which。

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(c) 先行词有the only, the very,the same,the last,just修饰时，只用that。
(d) 先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that,不能用which。.
(e) 先行词既有人，又有物时。
(f) 先行词指物，在主句中作表语时．
(g) 为了避免重复．
(h)先行词是the way或the reason时，that可作关系副词，也可省略
(i) 主句的主语是疑问词who which时
举例：
Is this the book that you borrowed in the library?
这是你在图书馆借的那本书吗？
Who that break the window should be punished．
谁打碎了窗户都要受到惩罚．
All that is needed is a supply of oil.
所需的只是供油问题。
Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.
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那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。
三、关系副词引导定语从句
关系副词 关系副词：在句中作状语
关系副词=介词+关系代词
why=for which
where=in at on ... which (介词同先行词搭配)
when=during on in ... which (介词同先行词搭配)
1. where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语用来表示地点的定语从句。
(1) Shanghai is the city where I was born.
(2) The house where I lived ten y ears ago has been pulled down.
2. when引导定语从句表示时间。在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用
(1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school.
(2) The time when we got together finally came.
[注]表示时间“time一词的定语从句只用when引导，有时不用 任何关系代词，当然也不用
By the time you arrived in London, we had stayed there for two weeks.
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that引导。

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到你到达伦敦的时候，我们在那里已经待了两个星期。
I still remember the first time I met her. 我仍然记得我第一次见到她。
Each time he goes to business trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towels, soap, toothbrush etc。
每一次他去出差，他带来了生活必需品，如毛巾，肥皂，牙刷等，很多。
3. why指原因 在定语从句中做原因状语
(1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.
(2) I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.
注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换
(1) The reason why for which he refused the invitation is not clear,
(2) From the year whenin which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.

注：1）介词后面的关系代词不能省略。
2）that前不能有介词。
3） 某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的介词+关系词结构可以同关系副词when ,where和why 互换。
This is the house in which I lived two years ago.
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This is the house where I lived two years ago.
Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?
Do you remember the day when you joined our club?
This is the reason why he came late.
This is the reason for which he came late.










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练习(一)
请分析一下定语从句：( 请划出定语从句，并标出先行词)
1. Check the ways you study for an English test.
2. Another thing that I found very difficult was English grammar.
3. You couldn’t understand people who talked fast.
4. I have some ideas that may help.
5. They said something you didn’t like.
6. Can you think of any problems you have had recently?
8. He would always take pride in everything good I do.
9. My friends and I talked about the rules that we have in school.
10. What are some of the rules that a teenager should obey?
12. If you know anyone else who collects them, please tell me.
13. Standing very close to the person you are talking with is quite common in some countries.
14. If you know someone you know doing this, you can ask them.
15. All I ever wanted to do was traveling.
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二、用关系代词填空：that 、which 、who、 whom 、whose
1. This is the man ________ wants to see you.
2. The student ___________ answered the question is Zhang Hua.

3. The man __________ you went to see has come.
4. The man ___________I met yesterday lent me some money.
5. The woman _______________ you saw is our geography teacher.
6. The runner ________________ you are asking about is over there.
7. The person ______________ you should write to is Mr. Ball.
8. The man ___________was passing by saw what happened.
9. Here is the pen _________ you lost the day before yesterday.
10. These books _____________ you lent me were very useful.
11. The storybook ____________ I have just read cannot be easily forgotten.
12. A clock is a machine ______ tells people the time.
13. This is shirt _______________I bought yesterday.
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14. A dictionary is a book _____________ gives the meaning to the word.
15. The book ____________ is on the table is mine.
16. The film ____________ they are talking about is very interesting.
17. I will never forget the people and the places _____ I have ever visited.
18. Is there anyone ____________ family is in Beijing?
19. Show me the boy ______________ mother is a well-known singer.
20. The boy______ father is a teacher is good at English.
三、单项选择
( ) 1. Your teacher of Chinese is a young lady____ comes from Beijing.
A. who B. which C. whom D. whose
( ) 2. What’s the name of the program________.
A. which are listening B. you are listening to
C. to that you are listening D. that you are listening
( ) 3. The students were all interested ____ you told them yesterday.
A. in which B. in that this C. all that D. in everything
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( ) 4. He was the only person in his office______ was invited.
A. whom B. whose C. that
( ) 5. This is the museum______ we visited last year.
A. where B. in which C. which D. in that
D. which
( ) 6. Charlie told his mother all____ had happened.
A. that B. what C. which
( ) 7. Do you know the student_____?
A. whom I often talk
C. I often talk with
B. with who I often talk
D. who
D. that I often talk
( ) 8. I like the house_____ windows face south.
A. whose B. who’s C. it's D. its
( ) 9. Would you tell me where to get the dictionary _____?
A. what I need B.I need C. which I need it D. that I need it
( )10. The young woman_____ I spoke just now is a young doctor.
A. who B. to whom C. whom D. that
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练习(二)
1. Don’t talk about such things of _______ you are not sure.
A. which B. what C. as D. those
5. The wolves hid themselves in the places __________ couldn’t be found.
A. that B. where C. in which D. in that
6. The freezing point is the temperature __________ water changes into ice.
A. at which B. on that C. in which D. of what
7. This book will show you __________ can be used in other contexts..
A. how you have observed B. what you have observed
C. that you have observed D. how that you have observed
8. The reason is __________ he is unable to operate the machine.
A. because B. why C. that D. whether
9. I’ll tell you __________ he told me last week.
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A. all which B. that C. all that D. which
10. That tree, __________ branches are almost bare, is very old.
A. whose B. of which C. in which D. on which
11. I have bought the same dress __________ she is wearing.
A. as B. that C. which D. what
12. He failed in the examination, __________ made his father very angry.
A. which B. it C. that D. what
13. We’re talking about the piano and the pianist _______ were in the concert we attended last night.
A. which B. whom C. who D. that
14. The girl ________ an English song in the next room is Tom’s sister.
A. who is singing B. is singing C. sang D. was singing
15. Those _______ not only from books but also through practice will succeed.
A. learn B. who C. that learns D. who learn
16. Anyone ________ this opinion may speak out.
A. that against B. that against C. who is against D. who are against
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17. Didn’t you see the man ________?
A. I nodded just now B. whom I nodded just now
C. I nodded to him just now D. I nodded to just now
18. Can you lend me the novel ______ the other day?
A. that you talked B. you talked about it
C. which you talked with D. you talked about
19. Is there anything _______ to you?
A. that is belonged B. that belongs C. that belong D. which belongs
20. ---- “How do you like the book?”
---- “It’s quite different from _______ I read last month.”
A. that B. which C. the one D. the one what
21. Mr. Zhang gave the textbook to all the pupils except _______ who had already taken them.
A. the ones B. ones C. some D. the others
22. The train _______ she was travelling was late.
A. which B. where C. on which D. in that
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23. He has lost the key to the drawer _______ the papers are kept.
A. where B. in which C. under which D. which
24. Antarctic _______ we know very little is covered with thick ice all the year round.
A. which B. where C. that D. about which
25. It’s the third time _______ late this month.
A. that you arrived B. when you arrived C. that you’ve arrived D. when you’ve arrived
26. It was in 1969 _______ the American astronaut succeeded in landing on the moon.
A. that B. which C. when D. in which
27. May the fourth is the day ______ we Chinese people will never forget.
A. which B. when C. on which D. about which
28. We are going to spend the Spring Festival in Guangzhou, _______ live my grandparents and some relatives.
A. which B. that C. who D. where
29. The hotel _______ during our holidays stands by the seaside.
A. we stayed at B. where we stayed at
C. we stayed D. in that we stayed
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30. Is it in that factory _______ “Red Flag” cars are produced?A. in which B. where C. which D. that














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三选择 1-5 ADACC 6-10 ACABB[参考答案]
很明显，按照作业成本法下模型所核算出的菜品成本与传统成本法核算出的
1—5 AADBA 6—10 ABCCA 11—15 AADAD 16—20 CDDBC 21—25 ACBDC 26—30 AADAD
菜品成本不同。根据模型所核算出的菜品成本包括了根据资源动因、作业动因分 配而来的职工薪酬、广告宣传费、维护折旧费、能源通讯费、清洁保管费等间接费用，而传统成本法核算出的菜品 成本仅包括了模型中所提到的直接成本费用。

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