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第六讲 分隔式定语从句详解

作者:高考题库网
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2020-10-21 20:52
tags:定语从句讲解

昨日的情景再浮现-分数段

2020年10月21日发(作者:乐舜日)


第六讲 定语从句与先行词分隔

通常,定语从句紧跟在先行词之后,但在 具体的运用中,往往也出现有定语
从句与先行词被分隔的现象。有时是为了行文的需要,定语从句和它所 修饰的先
行词被谓语,状语,第一后置定语等成分所分隔;有时是为了增加语言的灵活性
和丰富 性,在定语从句中经常使用插入语,尤其是在关系词和其引导的从句之间。
解此类试题,找准先行词是关 键;忽略掉插入语,题就变得简单了。
一、定语从句与先行词分隔的形式1、定语从句被谓语分隔
Many forms of apparatus(装置,仪器) have been devised(设计) by which
a more accurate(精确的) knowledge of blood pressure(压力) can be
obtained(获得).
人们已经设计出许多医疗器械,通过这些医疗器械,可以对血压有一个更为精确
的了解。
分析:先行词是apparatus,被by which后面的定语从句修饰.have been devised
分隔了先行词和定语从句。不分隔的语序是:Many forms of apparatus by which
a more accurate knowledge of blood pressure can be obtained have been
devised.显然,句子头重脚轻。

2、被状语分隔:①Never say anything behind a person's back that you wouldn't
say to his face.当面不愿说的话,千万不要在背后说。
分析:先行词是anything,定语从句that you wouldn't say to his face被状语
behind a person's back分隔。②I remember viewing a half dozen men in a chair


factory whose job was to bend several pieces of steel and attach them so that
a folding chair would result.我记得曾在一家椅子厂见过六个工人,他们的工作
是将几根钢管弯曲并组成一把折椅。
分析:先行词是men,whose job后面引导的是定语从句,被状语in a chair factory
所分隔。③Temperature plays the same part in the flow of heat that pressure
does in the flow of fluids.温度在热的传导中所起的作用和压力在液体的流动中
所起的作用相同。
分析:先行词是part,定语从句that pressure does in the flow of fluids,被状语
in the flow of heat所分隔。
3、被补语分隔:The cook turned pale,and asked the housemaid to shut the
door,who asked Brittles,who asked the tinker,who pretended not to hear.厨
子的脸色变得苍白,要女仆把门关上,女仆叫布立特尔关,布立特尔又叫补锅匠
关 ,而补锅匠装着没听见。
分析:先行词是the housemaid,who asked后面引导非限制性定语从句,修饰
the housemaid,定语从句和先行词被补语to shut the door分隔。
4、被同位语分隔:One was a violent thunderstorm ,the worst I had ever seen,
which obscured my objective.有一次是暴风骤雨,猛烈的程度实为我平生所仅
见。这阵暴风雨遮住了我的目标。
分析:先行词是thunderstorm,定语从句被the worst I had ever seen分隔。

5、被插入语分隔:Is there anyone you can think of who may know which
hospital he was sent to?你能不能想到有谁可能知道他被送往哪一家医院了?


分析:先行词是anyone,who后面引导定语从句,被you can think of分隔。

6、被非从句定语分隔:①Singapore is at the start of a long road,already well
trodden in the west,that leads to such solutions as shelter and rest homes.新
加坡眼下正踏上一条西方国家早已走了很远的漫长 道路,即最终建立收容所和休
养院来解决问题。
分析:先行词road,that leads后面的定语从句修饰road,被already well trodden
in the west分隔。
②Does this mean that in time fish might learn to leave alone all food on hooks
that they have seen before?这难道不就意味着,鱼儿很快就可能学会避开那些
它们常见的鱼钩上的食物吗?
分析:先行词food,that they have seen before定语从句被on hooks分隔。

7、先行词所带的非从句定语常需置于定语从句之前而造成先行词与定语从句分
隔:
①There was something original,independent and heroic about the plan that
pleased all of them .这个方案有创造性,而且别出心裁,又有魅力,所以深得
他们的喜欢。
分析:先行词something,非从句定语original,independent and heroic about the
plan位于定语从句that pleased all of them之前,分隔了先行词和定语从句。②
No doubt there are questions of principle(原则) involved which can not be
ignored and underestimated.无疑,这里涉及人们不能忽视或低估的原则问题。


分析:先行词questions,which can后面的定语从句被f principle involved分隔。
二、定语从句分隔其他句子成分
1.定语从句对主谓结构的分隔
The country life he was used to ______ greatly since the opening policy.
Changed B. has changed
C. Changing D. having changed
分析:句中 he was used to 为定语从句,修 饰先行词即主句的主语,而不能对
其后的谓语起任何作用,因此整个句子缺少谓语动词,故答案为B.

2.定语从句对宾补结构的分隔。
Mr. Green was disappointed to see the washing machine she had had ______
go wrong again.
repaired B. it repaired
C. repairing D. to be repaired
分析:仔细分析整个句子,可以看出该题考查have sth. done 结构。解此题的
难点在于定语从句(that which) she had had repaired 把宾语与宾补分隔开来。
that which 在从句中作宾语被省略了,repaired 作宾语补足语。所以选A.
3.定语从句对定语结构、状语结构的分离
Can you tell me the way you thought of _____ the problem?
A. working at B. to work out
C. to work for D. working out
分析:此题考查的是双层定语。即you thought of 为限制性定语从句,to work out


the problem 为后置定语,这两部分都用来限制宾语the way .该题如果忽视了定
语 从句的分隔作用,极容易误选D项。正确答案为B。
The young student did all that he could ______ the examinations.
B. to pass
C. passing D. passed
分析: that he could (do) 是定语从句,修饰 all。 to pass the examinations 在
句中作目的状语。所以答案为B。

4、定语从句对一些固定句式。
You can’t imagine the hard time she had _____ the children.
A. bringing up B. to bring up
C. growing D. brought up
分析:结合题意和词义,可以断定句中的she had 是定语从句,修饰前面的time。
将其还原正常句式则为:She had the hard time (in) bringing up the children .
所以答案为A。

5. 定语从句对强调句的分隔。
It is near the place ______ there is a bomb _____ we found the dead man.
where B. where that
C. that where D. that; that
分析:该题考查的是含定语从句的强调结构。where there is bomb 是定语从句,
故正确的答案为B。很多同学容易误选C.


6. 定语从句对独立结构的分隔
With everything she needed ______ , she went home happily .
buy B. buying
C. bought D. buy
分析:该题考查with复合结构的用法,其中定语从句(that) she needed 的使用
极容易干扰学生的思维,造成错选。正确答案为C。

三、定语从句与先行词分隔的原因
1、为了保持句子结构平衡,避免“头重脚轻”,将定语从 句与先行词分隔,例如:
Mr.Leon said in the future,computer would be developed which would be
small enough to carry in the pocket.利昂先生说,将来会生产出小得可以放在
口袋里的计 算机。2、为了突出或强调主句中的主谓结构所表达的意义,将定语
从句与先行词分隔,例如:①Chi nese trade delegations have been sent to
African countries,who will negotiate trade agreem ents with the respective
govern-
me nts.中国已派出贸易代表团前往非洲各国,以便与这些国家的政府商谈贸易
协定。②The day is not far off when a lot of housework can be done by
machine.
大量家务活由机器来干的日子不远了。

四、与先行词分隔的定语从句的汉译
1、将定语从句译为汉语“的”字结构,置于先行词之前,例如:①Yet there exist


com plex computations in science and engineer-ing which people are unable
to make.到目前为止,在科学和工程方面还存在许多人们无能为力的复杂计算。
②He merely swallows this theory because there is something about it that
appeals to the twentieth-century m entality.他全盘接受这一理论,只是因为这
一理论中有一种迎合二十世纪心理的东西。③I think it is clear that each side
entertainssuspicions of the other which are unjust.我认为双方显然相互怀着没
有正当理由的猜疑。
2、将定语从句单独译为一个分句,例如:①There is som ebody waiting for you
who I think might be one of your friends from your native town.有个人在外面
等你,我想这个人可能就是你家乡的一位朋友。②The molecules exert forces
upon each other,which depend upon the distance between them .分子相互
之间存在着力的作用,该力的大小取决于它们的距离。
③The result of this is the retention of too much air in the respiratory tract at
each expiration which prevents the fresh air from being taken in at the next
inhalation from reaching the lung alveoli .其结果就是在每次呼气时呼吸道里保
留过多的空气,这样就在下次吸气时妨碍吸入的新鲜空气抵达肺泡 里。

3、将定语从句与先行词溶合译出,例如:①He is a wise man who speaks little.智
者言少。②No method is known by which it is possible to create energy out of
nothing.大家知道,根本没有什么方法能够凭空创造能量
经典练习:(下列习题比较经典,请注意体会理解)
1. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _______ the


next year.
A. carried out B. carrying out
C. carry out D. to carry out
2.–I can’t find Mr. Liu. Where did you meethim this morning ?
--It was in the hotel _______ he stayed.
A. that B. which
C. the one D. where
can hardly imagine the difficulty she had ______ enough evidence(证据)
to prove the case.
A. collected B. to collect
C. collecting D. to have collected
you please tell me the way you thought of ______ the cold?
A. get rid of B. to get rid of
C. getting rid of D. got rid of
war and the suffering _______ caused affected him greatly.
A. where B. it C. which D. what
6.–He was nearly drowned once.
--When was ______?
--______ was in 1988 ______ he was in middle school.
A. that; It; when B. This; This; When
C. this; It; that D. that; It; that
day we had been looking forward to ______ at last.


A. come B. came
C. coming D. arriving
was in the lab ______ was taken charge of by Professor Zhang ______
they did the experiment.
A. where; that B. which; where
C. that; where D. which; that
more ways we have ______ at a problem, the more likely it is that we can
find a solution.
A. looked B. of looking
C. look D. seeing
答案
: 1A.
解析:此题结构比较复杂,语言基础较差的同学可能无法理清句子结构。正确的句子结构分析是这 样的:they would
like to see the next year是修饰名词the plan的定语从句,而在这个定语从句中,省略了作动词see的宾语的关系代词 that(指
代the plan),所以定语从句的本来面目便是they would like to see the plan_______the next year. 显然,其中的the plan与横
线处的carry out有被动关系,故应填过去分词carried out.
2D.3C
解析句子的顺序有所改变 考察的是have diifficulty in(可以省略doing sth
4B解析:
work out 表示解决问
题,you thought of 为 定语从句 the way to do ....的办法
5B
(仔细思考一下为何不选which?)
6A,7B,8D,9 B.
解析:we have 是修饰way的定语从句,考察的是the way of
doing sth。

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