定语从句详解及分类练习(包括句子翻译)

定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示：
Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词）
China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（分词）
There are thirty women teachers is our school.（名词）
His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（代词）
Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短语）
The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（动名词）
He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介词短语）
【定语从句】
一.概念
在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句,称为定语从句,也叫形容词性从句
二.相关知识点精讲
1.关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词所代替的 先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成
分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时 ，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1）who, whom, that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语。例如：
Is he the man whothat wants to see you?（whothat在从句中作主语）
He is the man whom that I saw yesterday.（whomthat在从句中作宾语）
2） whose 用来指人或物，（只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）。例如：
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.
Please pass me the book whose （of which） cover is green.
3）which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。例如：
A prosperity which that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.
（which that在句中作宾语）
The package （which that）you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.
（which that在句中作宾语）
2.关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。
1）关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于介词+ which结构，因此常常和介词+ which
结构交替使用。例如：
There are occasions when （on which） one must yield.
Beijing is the place where（in which） I was born.
Is this the reason why （for which） he refused our offer?
介词﹢关系代词引导的定语从句,关键是判断介词的选择,方法一是看从句谓语部分 缺少什么
介词(习惯搭配),再则可以通过整个句子整体含义来判断,结合生活实际来判断.
【练习】
you know who lives in the building______there is a well?
front of it B. in front of whose

front of which front which
2.I’ll never forget the day____I joined the League.
which which which
woman_____my brother spoke just now is my teacher.
A. who whom who D whom
was her old friend,____she borrowed a necklace.
who whom
that whom
glasses,_____he was like a blind man,fell to the ground and broke its leg.
which t which
is a teacher of much knowledge,_____much can be learned.
C. from which who
built a telescope_____he could study the skies.
which that h it
you know the reason____he was late?
what which
9.I have bought two ballpens,____writes well.
of which r of which
of them r of them
Second World War_____millions of people were killed in 1945.
which that which
speed____which you drive your car mustn’t too high.
the park there are many flowers,the colour_____which is bright and nice.
little girl is reading a book,_____which there are many pictures.
were the things_______which he was not too sure?
held a meeting,____which the hospital director made a speech.
book,_____which he paid 6 yuan,is worth reading.
this the man____whose house the police found the lost coloured TV?
villagers dug along tunnel______which they could go to the fields without being found by
the Japanese soldiers.
Dong,_____whom I went to the concert, enjoyed it very much.
stories about Long March,_____which this is one example,are well written.

2) 关系代词 whom， which 在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放于先行词与定
语从句之间，有时为了关系紧凑也可以将 whom 与 which 与先行词紧挨着书写，而将
介词置于定语从句的后面，如：
That was the room in which we had lived for ten years.

= That was the room which we had lived in for ten years.
3. 具体使用时还要注意下列问题：
1）. 只能使用that,不用which 的情况：
(1) 先行词是no, much, all, few, little, nothing, everything, anything, something 等不定
代词时。例如：
All that he said is true.
Is there anything (that) I can do for you ?
(2) 先行词被不定代词修饰时。例如：
He is the only foreigner that has been to that place.
You will receive no other answers that are better than mine .
(3) 先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。例如：
He was the second (person) that told me the secret.
This is the last thing one can say about it.
(4) 先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词。
This is the best book (that) I have read this year.
(5) 先行词既包括人又包括物时。例如：
He talked about the people and the things that he remembered.
(6) 当主句是there be句型的时候
There is a stranger that wants to see you.
There are some mistakes that you made last time in your paper.
（7）当先行词被序数词或the very, the only, the last修饰时
This is the very pen he used when he was writing the book.
(8) 当先行词被the same修饰时，用that表示同一件物品，用as表示相类似的一件物
品，不能用which。
This is the same one asthat you had before.
I saw the mistake at the(very)same moment that she did.
I bought the same car as yoursthat you did.
You've made the same mistakes as last timethat you made last time.
(9) 为避免与which重复使用时，要用that。
Which is the car that was made in Beijing?
(10) 当关系代词在定语从句中作表语是，只能用that，也可以省去，不能用which。
例：

China is no longer the country that it was.
My typewriter is not the machine(that)it was.
2）. 只能用which，不用that 的情况：
(1) 在非限制性定语从中。例如：
The meeting was put off, which was exactly what we wanted.
(2) 定语从句由介词+关系代词引导，先行词是物时。例如：
The thing about which he is talking is of great importance.
【练习】
is all____I know about the matter.
r
2Is there anything else_____you require?

last place _____we visited was the Great Wall.

talked happily about the men and books_____ interested him greatly in the school.

is no dictionary_____you can find everything.
that
is one of the best books_______.
have ever been has written
has ever been written have written
wrote a letter to me, telling me everything_____he saw on the way to the Paris.

oxygen the only gas_____helps fire burn?
B.
there anything_____to you?
is belonged belongs
belongs belong
scientist and his achievements______you told me about are admired by us all.

of the books______were borrowed from him is the best?


4. 非限制性定语从句
1） 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词 不可缺少的部分，去掉它
主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影 响主句的意

思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。例如：
I was the only person in our office who was invited.（限制性）
The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.（非限制性）
Tom’s father, who is over sixty, still works hard day and night.
2） 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用
第三人称单数。例如：
He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.
Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation.
3) as引导非限制性定语从句, as引导非限制性定语从句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之
后，用来修饰整个句子。as 本身有“正如…..正象…”. 一类的含义. 与之连用的词有
know,see,expect,announce,point out等.此外,在the same…as…such….as….中as引导的是限制
性定语从句.( We do the same work as they do. )
She is very good at dance, as everybody knows.
As has been said above, grammar is a set of dead rules.
通常用下列句型：as is known to all, as is said, as is reported, as is announced, as we all know, as
I expect, as is often the case 等。
4）区别：
①当主句和从句语义一致时，用as；反之，用which来引导非限制性定语从句。
e.g. He made a long speech, as we expected.
He made a long speech, which was unexpected.
②当非限制定语从句为否定时，常用which引导。
e.g. Tom drinks a lot every day, which his wife doesn’t like at all.

? 说明：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。
5. 先行词和关系词二合一
1） Whoever spits in public will be punished here. （Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替）
2） The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school.（what 可以用all
that代替）
8. whatwhatever; thatwhat; whowhoever
1）what = the thing which；whatever = anything。例如：
What you want has been sent here.
Whatever you want makes no difference to me.
2） who= the person that whoever= anyone who。例如：
3） that 和 what
当that引导定 语从句时，通常用作关系代词，而引导名词性从句时，是个不充当任何成
分的连接词。宾语从句和表语从 句中的that常可省略。What只能引导名词性从句，用作连
接代词，作从句的具体成分，且不能省 略。例如：
I think（that）you will like the stamps.

What we need is more practice.

一、把下列每对句子合并成含有定语从句的主从复合句：
7. The play was wonderful. We saw it last night.

8. The train was late. It was going to Nanning.

9. The boy is my brother. He was here a minute ago.

10. The tree is quite tall. He is climbing it.

11. Here is the girl. Her brother works in this shop.

12. That’s the child. We were looking at his drawing just now.

13. This is the boy. His sister is a famous singer.

14. I want to talk to the boys. Their homework haven’t been handed in.

15. Is that the woman? Her daughter is in my class.

16. He used to live in a big house. In front of it grew many banana trees.

17. They passed a factory. At the back of the factory there were rice fields.

18. The soldier ran to the building. On the top of it flew a flag.

19. In the evening they arrived at a hill. At the foot of the hill there was a temple.

20. She came into a big room. In the middle of it stood a large table.

【巩固练习】
一. 单项填空
1. ---Who is the man _______ was talking to our English teacher?
---Oh! It’s Mr Baker, our maths teacher.
A. he B. that C. whom D. which
2. I hate the people ________ don’t help others when they are in trouble.
A. who B. which C. they D. where
3. The foreigner _________ visited our school is from Canada.
A. which B. when C. who D. whom
4. George Mallory was an English school teacher _______ loved climbing.
A. who B. whom C. he D. which
5. This is the place _____I have ever visited.

A. there B. when C. where D. which
6. Nobody knows the reason ______ she didn’t come to the meeting.
A. that B. which C. why D. when
7. The moon is a world ______ there is no life.
A. that B. which C. where D. why
8. He has forgotten the day _______ he arrived.
A. when B. where C. that D. which
9. He still remembers the days ______ he spent with your family.
A. when B. where C. that D. on which
10. Mr. White, ______ car had been stolen, came to the policeman.
A. who B. that C. whose D. which
11. He got to the village _______ his family once lived before liberation.
A. that B. which C. when D. where
12. This is the house _______ I want to buy.
A. in which B. that C. whose D. where
13. This is the house _______ our beloved Premier Zhou once lived and worked.
A. which B. that C. when D. where
14. He didn’t tell me the place _______ he was born.
A. that B. which C. when D. where
15. He lived in a small village, ______ was a long way from the railway station.
A. that B. which C. where D. when I will invite _______ my daughter loves.
A. whoever B. whomever C. whichever D. whatever
16. I will invite _______ my daughter loves.
A. whoever B. whomever C. whichever D. whatever
17. He made another wonderful discovery , ____ of great importance to science.
A. which I think is B. which I think it is C. which I think it D.I think which is
was very rude to the customs officer, ____ of course made things even worse.
A. who B. whom C. what D. which
19. He went to the meeting, and, _______ was worse, insisted on speaking.
A. what B. which C. that D. when
20. The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year , 80%______are sold abroad .
A．of which

二. 用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空
1. The house _______ we live in is very big.
2. The boy ______ is wearing the black jacket is very clever.
3. This is the present _____ he gave me for my birthday.
B．which of C．of them D．of that

4. The man _______ talked to you just now is an engineer.
5. He talked about the teachers and schools _______ he had visited.
6. There is nothing in the world _______ can frighten him.
7. She wears a gold ring, _______ is very uncommon in our class.
8. We visited a factory _______ makes toys for children.
9. Is this the place _______ your father once lived?
10. I’ll never forget the days _______ I joined the League.

【课后练习】
1.I've read all the books_______you gave me.


isn't much_______I can do.


keeps a record of everything_______he had seen there.


us about the people and the places_______are different from ours.


John said that Suzhou was the first city_______he had visited in China.


TV play I watched last night is the best one _______I have watched this year.


Sunday they reached Qingdao, _______a conference was to be held.


this the museum_______you visited the other day?
which one

9.I began to work in Beijing in the year_______New China was founded.


is the very film _______I've long wished to see.

is no difficulty_______can't be overcome in the world.


is the person_______is standing at the gate of Beijing Tourism Tower?


was the supermarket_______I bought this kind of tin.


house_______the capitalist used to live in is now a nursery.


is the last time_______I shall come here to help you.


house_______we live is not big.
that which

neighburs used to give me a hand in time of trouble, _______ was very kind of them.


_______glitters is not gold.
C.／

19.I now know why Mao impresses everyone who meets him the way_______he does.
C.／

g, _______is the capital of China,is a beautiful city.
D.／

was no longer the woman_______she was.


's the hotel_______last year.
we stayed that we stayed

we stayed at we stayed

doctor did all_______ to save the wounded boy.
he could
could
hing which he could
which he could do

_______this opinion may speak out.
againsts against
is against are against

place_______you are standing used to be an old church.


've made the same mistake_______ you made last time.


is not such an interesting magazine _______ I thought.
D.／

28. _______you know,he is a famous musician.
D.／

Zhou, _______native language was Chinese,could read and write several foreign
languages.


you know the actor_______you saw playing Hamlet is now doing King Lear?


31.I took my friend to the Summer Palace, _______we had some photos taken.
D.／

you remember the day_______your sister was graduated as a Master of Arts?
which which D.／

bus, _______was already full,was surrounded by an angry crowd.
of most of which
of the most of that

all remember the days _______ we studied together at school.
D.／

you know the reason _______ he didn't come?


36.I showed the doctor the place _______I felt the pain.


is the only one of the three _______got the new idea.
have have
has had

38.I'm one of the students _______ well in English in my class.
does do does did

is the baby _______ tomorrow.
whom I shall look
I shall look after
I shall look after
whom I shall look after

is the fastest train _______ is going to Nanjing.
D.／

【定语从句翻译】
1. 多看英语文章可以让我们学会用英语思维来思考和写作。

2. 中国已不再是过去的那个中国了。

3. 成都是我最喜爱的城市之一，它位于中国的西南部。

4. 有什么事我能帮你的吗？

5. 昨天去世的那位老太太留下了一百万美元。

6. 我们现在正在讨论的问题不是昨天讨论过的那个问题。

7. 现在西方的节日，如圣诞节和情人节，在中国越来越流行，这也让我们越来越多地接触
到西方的文化。


8. 马克?吐温（Mark Twain）生于美国Mossouri。他是美 国19世纪最著名的作家之一。他写
过许多小说，其中最著名的是《汤姆索亚历险记》（The Adventure of Tom Sawyer）。（请用两
句话表达，注意时态）