锻炼的英文-sicca
定语从句(初中)
在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被
修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,定语从句
一般放在先行词的后面。
二、定语从句的关系词
引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括that, which,
who(宾格
whom,所有格whose)等,关系副词包括where, when,
why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行
词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。
三、定语从句的分类
根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限
制性定语从句。限制性定
语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去,非限制性定语从
句主句与从句之间
有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。
四、关系代词的用法
1. that
既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语。例如:
Mary likes
music that is quiet and gentle.(that作主语)
The
coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.(that作宾语)
用于指物,在句中作主语或宾语。例如:
The building which
stands near the train station is a
supermarket.(作主语)
The film (which) we saw last
night was wonderful. (作宾语)
, whom用于指人,who
用作主语,whom用作宾语。在口语中,有时可用who代替
whom。例如:
The
girl who often helps me with my English is from
England.(作主语)
Who is the teacher (whom) Li
Ming is talking to?(作宾语)
注意:
1)当关系代词在定语从句中充当宾语时,who、 that、which可省略,但介词在关系代词
前时,
只能用“介词+whichwhom”结构(此时关系代词不能用that代替)。例如:
This is the house (whichthat) we lived in last
year.(可省)
This is the house in which we lived
last year.(不可省,关系代词不可用that)
Please tell me
(whomthat) you borrowed the English novel
from.(可省)
Please tell me from whom you
borrowed the English novel.(不可省,关系代词不可用that)
2)关系词只能用that的情况:
a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是
序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时,只
能用that,而不用which.例如:
He
was the first person that passed the exam.
This is the most beautiful place that I have
been to .
b.被修饰的先行词为all, any, much, many,
everything, anything, none, the
one
等不定代词时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:
Is there
anything that you want to buy in the shop?=
I didn't understand the words all that he said.
c.先行词被the only, the very, the same, the
last, little, few
,no,just等词修饰时,
只能用that,而不用which.例如:
This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。
d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时,只能用that, 而不用which.例如:
I can remember well the persons and some pictures
that I saw in the room.
e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复,只能用that.例如:
Who
is the girl that is crying? 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁?
f.主句是there be 结构,修饰主语的定语从句用that,而不用which.例如:
There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.
桌子上那本书是汤姆的。
3)关系词只能用which,而不用that 的情况:
a.先行词为that,
those时,用which, 而不用that.例如:
What’s that
which is under the desk? 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么?
b.关系代词前有介词时,一般用which,而不用that.例如:(同(1))
This
is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。
c.引导非限制性定语从句,用which, 而不用that.例如:
Tom came
back, which made us happy. 汤姆回来了,这使我们很高兴。
五、关系副词的用法
(1)when指时间,其先行词表示时间,在句中作时间状语。例如:
This was
the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。
(2)where指地点,其先行词表示地点,在句中作地点状语。例如:
This is
place where he works.这是他工作的地点。
(3)why
指原因,其先行词是原因,起原因状语作用。例如:
Nobody knows the
reason why he is often late for school.
没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。
注意:“介词+whichwhom”结构有时可与其他关系代词或关系副词互相转换
That is the house where my father used to
live.
=That is the house which my mother used
to live in.
= That is the house in which my
mother used to live.
上句中:in which = where
六:练习(一)
1. Did you find the notebook
______ Jim had given me for my birthday?
A. who B. whom C. which D. whose
2. That's all ______ I have seen and heard.
A. which B. that C. where D. what
3. Have you seen the man ______ plan we were
talking about ______ yesterday ?
A. who,
them B. its, them C. whose, D. whose, them
Oscar is one of the film prizes ______
offered to any Chinese actor or actress so far.
A. which are not B. that have not been
C. that has not D. that has not been
5. He
never reads anything ______ is not worth reading.
A. that B. as C. who D. which
6. The man ________ coat is black is waiting
at the gate.
A. who's B. whose
C. that D. of which
7. _________
cleans the classroom can go home first.
A.
Anyone B. those who C. However D.
The one who
8. The police caught the man
_______ stole my handbag.
A. he B.
that C. whom D. which
9. The girl
________ is reading under the tree ________ my
sister.
A. which, is B. whom, was
C. who , is D. who, was
10. George
Mallory was an English teacher _______ loved
climbing.
A. who B. whom
C. he D. which
11. Don’t talk
about such things of _______ you are not sure.
A. which B. what C. as D. Those
12. Is
this the factory __________ you visited the other
day?
A. that B. where C. in which D. the one
13. Is this factory __________ some foreign
friends visited last Friday?
A. that B. where
C. which D. the one
14. Is this the factory
__________ he worked ten years ago?
A.
that B. where C. which D. the one
15. The
wolves hid themselves in the places __________
couldn’t be found.
A. that B. where C. in
which D. in that
16. Can you lend me the
novel ______ the other day?
A. that you
talked B. you talked about it C. which you talked
with D. you talked about
17. Is there anything
_______ to you?
A. that is belonged B. that
belongs C. that belong D. which belongs
18.
---- “How do you like the book?”
---- “It’s
quite different from _______ I read last month.”
A. that B. which C. the one D. the one what
19. They were interested _______ you told
them.
A. in which B. in that C. all that D.
in everything
20. ---- Do you know the town
at all?
--- No, this is the first time I
________ here.
A. was B. have been C. came D.
am coming
初中英语定语从句练习题(二)
1. I still
remember the night _______I first came to the
house.
2. I'll never forget the day________ we
met each other last week.
3. Mr Black is going
to Beijing in October, _______is the best season
there.
4. I will never forget the days
_______I spent with your family.
5. I'll never
forget the last day______ we spent together.
6. This is the school ______I used to study.
7. Do you still remember the place______ we
visited last week?
8. Do you still remember
the place_______ we visited the painting
exhibition?
9. Have you ever been to
Hangzhou,_____is famous for the West Lake?
10.
Have you ever bee to Hangzhou, ______lies the West
Lake?
11. Tom will go to Shanghai,______live
his two brothers.
12. I live in Beijing,____is
the capital of China.
13. There was a time
______there were slaves in the USA.
14. It is
the third time ______you have made the same
mistake.
15. It was in the street _____I met
John yesterday.
16. It was about 600 years
ago____the first clock with a face and an hour
hand was made.
17. The moment _____I saw you,
I recognized(认出)you.
18. This is the very
novel about____we've talked so much.
19. This
is the way____he did it.
20. Who is the
student _____was late for school today?
初中英语定语从句练习题(三)
将下列每组句子改写为带有定语从句的复合句。
1. The nurse is very kind. She looks after my
sister.
2. We watched the play “Teahouse”. The
play “Teahouse” was written by Lao She.
3. The
medicine was quite helpful. Dr Li gave it to me.
4. The train started at 5:00 p.m. Mike missed
it.
5. The letter is from my uncle. I received
it three days ago.
6. Cream, butter and cheese
are kinds of food. They make you fat.
7. The
man is in the next room. He brought us the letter
yesterday.
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