定语从句(完整)

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高中定语从句详细讲解
一． 定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟
在它所修饰的先行词之后。
二． 先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。一般情况下，定语从句紧跟在
先行词之后，定语 从句对先行词起修饰限定作用。
三． 关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词， 分为关系代词和关系副词，关系
代词有who, whom, that, which, whose 和as,关系代词在定语从句中充当主语，宾
语，表语或定语，关系副词有when, where 和why，在定语从句中充当状语。
四． 关系代词：
1. who 指人，在定语从句中作主语，宾语。
The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 正在踢足球的男孩是一班
的。
That is the teacher who teaches us physics. 那就是教我们物理的老师。
2. whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略，可用who代替。
Mr Liu is the person ( whom ) you talked about on the bus. 刘先生就是你们在公
共汽车上谈论的那个人。
The man ( whom who )you met just now is my old friend.
3. Which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。
The factory which makes computers is far away from here. 制造计算机的那家公司
离这儿很远。
4. That 指人时，相当于who 或whom；指物时，相当于which.。在定语从句中
作主语或宾语，表语，作宾语时常可省略。
The season that which comes after spring is summer. 春天以后的季节是夏季。
I received a letter that which came from Australia. 昨天我收到了一封来自澳大利
亚的信。
5. Whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。Whose + n.= the +n. + of
which whom= of which whom the +n.来替换
That is my classroom whose windows ( the windows of which= of which the
windows) were broken.那个窗户破了的是我的教室。
The boy whose father ( the father of whom= of whom the father) is a doctor is my
classmate.他的父亲是个医生的那个男孩是我的同班同学。
注意：关系代词不管是指人，还是指物，在定语从句中做宾语时可以省略， 充当
主语不可省。
e.g. ① She is the girl who that lives next door.(作主语)
② The man who whom that you met just now is my old friend.(作宾语)
③ September 18.1931 is the day that which we’ll never forget.(作宾语)
④ The picture which that was about the accident was terrible.(作主语)
⑤ This is the scientist whose son= the son of whom= of whom the son is only 5
years old.(作定语)
⑥ That boy whose leg= the leg of whom= of whom the leg was hurt is my brother.
(作定语)
（练习）：
1. —How did you get in touch with the travel agent, Robin?
—Oh, that’s easy. I surfed the Internet and then called one ________ the telephone

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number is provided.
A. which B. in which C. of which D. whose
2. The place _______ interested me most was the Children's Palace.
A. Which B. where C. what D. in which
3. The boy ______ is in trouble needs our help.
A. which B. whom C. whose D. who
4. A person ______ e-mail account is full won’t be able to send or receive any
e-mails.
A. who B. whom C. whose D. whoever
5. The old temple _______ roof was damaged in storm is now under repair.
A. where B. which C. its D. whose
6. The boy ______ is in trouble needs our help.
A. which B. whom C. whose D. who
7. The prize will go to the writer _______ story shows the most imagination.
A．that B．which C．whose D．what
8. That is the day ______I'll never forget.
A. which B. on which C. in which D. when
9. The factory ______we'll visit next week is not far from here.
A. where B. to which C. which D. in which
10. .It there anyone in your class ______family is in the country?
A. who B. who's C. which D. whose
11. The comrade ___is speaking at the meeting is my teacher .
A. whom B. which C. who D. whose
12. The boy ______ is in trouble needs our help.
A. which B. whom C. whose D. who
13. A person ______ e-mail account is full won’t be able to send or receive any
e-mails.
A. who B. whom C. whose D. whoever
14. The old town has narrow streets and small houses ________are built close to each
other.
A．they B．where C．what D．that
15. I’ve become good friends with several of the students in my school __________
I met in the English speech contest last year.
A. who B. where C. when D. which
1-5 CADCD 6-10DCACD 11-15 CDCDA
注意：当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词在人称，数 的
方面应该与先行词保持一致。
e.g. He who laughs last laughs best.
English is a language which is easy to learn.
1. one of +复数名词+关系代词+谓语动词（用复数）
e.g. Tom is one of the boys who have passed the exam.
Titanic is one of the most wonderful movies that were played all over the world.
2. the only one of+ 复数名词+关系代词+谓语动词（用单数）
e.g. Tom is the only one of the students who has passed the exam.

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（练习）：
1. This is one of the best films ___A____.
A. that have been shown this year B. that have shown
C. that has been shown this year D. that you talked
2. The number of the people who ___C____ cars _______ increasing.
A. owns; are B. owns; is C. own; is D. own; are
3. He is one of the boys who often _____ to the cinema.
A. go B. goes C. has gone D. have gone
4. He is the only one of the boys who _____a film before.
A. doesn’t see B. don’t see C. hasn’t seen D. haven’t seen
在引导定语从句只用that不用which的情况：
a.当先行词为 all, none, much, little, few, something, anything, everything,
nothing 等不定代词时。
All that can be done has been done.
b. 先行词是序数词、形容词最高级 或者 当先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级
修饰时。
This is one of the best films that I have ever seen.
This is the best that can be done now.
c. 当先行词被 the very, the only, the last, the same , just, , any, , few , little , no ,
all 等修饰时。
This is one of the very book that I am looking for.
d. 当先行词既指人又指物时。
He spoke of the men and the thing (that) he had seen abroad.
e. 当先行词是疑问词 who, what, which 时或者句子以疑问词 who , what ,
which 打头时。
Who that has such a home doesn’t love it?
f. 关系代词在从句中作表语。
Mary is no longer the girl that she used to be.
(练习)：
1. Who’s the comrade _______ you just shook hands with?
2. He talked about the teachers and schools _______ he had visited.
3. He is the only man _______ I can find for the work.
4. You must watch carefully everything _______ the teacher does in class.
5. This is one of the most exciting football games _______ I have ever seen.
6. The last place _______ we visited in the countryside was a farm.
7. The first English novel _______ I read was Robinson Crusoe.
8. When he came back from abroad, John told his parents about the cities and the
people _______ he had visited.
9. Is there any question _______ troubles you much?
10. Who is the man _______ is speaking there?
11. She is the only person _______ understands me.
12. This is the very book _______ I am after.
13. He is not the man _______ he used to be.
14. Is there anything _______ I can do for you, miss?

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15. Little has been done _______ is helpful to our work.
16. Nothing _______ he does is badly done.
17. Which is the book _______ your father bought from New York?
18. Finally, the thief handed everything _______ he had stolen to the police.
19. All _______ is needed is a supply of oil.
20. China is no longer the country _______ she used to be.
五．介词+关系代词引导定语从句：指物用：介词+which,指人用：介词+ who(介
词后不可以用 that、who)
e.g. I want to find the pen with which I wrote the letter.
The headmaster is the person from whom I got the cup.
如果介词放在定语从句句尾，which可以用that替换，whom可以用that who
来替换，而且关系代词可以省略。
e.g. The school in which he once worked is a key school.
=The school (which that) he once worked in is a key school.
He is a man of rich experience from whom much can be learned.
= He is a man of rich experience whom who that much can be learned from.
介词+关系代词，介词的判定：
①与定语从句的动词构成固定搭配
The two things of which they felt proud were Jim's watch and Della's hair.
In the dark street there was not a single person to whom she could turn for help.
This is the book on which I spent six yuan.
for which I paid six yuan.
from which I learn a lot.
in which there are a few new words.
about which Tom often talks.
②根据与先行词的搭配关系选择。
I'll never forget the day on which I first met him.
我永远忘不了我第一次遇见他的那一天。(the day前面一般用介词on)
Can you imagine a proper situation in which the expression can be used?
你能设想一个使用这个词语的场合吗？(a situation前面一般用in)
③有时须同时考虑动词和介词的搭配关系及介词和名词的搭配关系。
Is that the house in which you once lived
那就是你曾经住过的房子吗？(Live in the house)
④用介词of （表示所属，表示整体与部分的关系都用of）
e.g. Please pass me the book the cover of which is blue.
请把那本蓝封面的书递给我。（也可用whose cover）
She's got three lucky pens two of which she never uses.
⑤根据所要表达的意思来确定。
This is my pair of glasses without which I cannot see clearly.
这是我的眼镜，离了它我什么也看不清。
（练习）：
1. The old man has two sons, ___are lawyers.
A. both of them B. both of who C. both of whom D. both of they
2. He is a man of great knowledge, ___much can be learned.

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A. in whom B. about whom C. from whom D. of whom
pass me the dictionary ___cover is black.
A. which B. its C. whose D. which of
buses,____were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd.
A. most of them B. most of which C. which most D. that most
paid the boy 10 dollars for washing ten windows, most of___ had not been
cleaned for years.
A. these B. those C. that D. which
6. The professor has two sons, ___are teaching in the same university.
A. neither of them B. either of them C. both of them D. both of whom
is a kind of gas, ___we couldn’t live.
A. without it B. without that C. without which D. if not
parents wouldn’t let him marry anyone ___family was poor.
A of whom B. whom C. of whose D. whose
is the office ___ Lincoln once worked in.
A. where B. which C. what D. in which
are model workers, some ___ are young fellows.
A. of that B. of whom C. of who D. of whose
Science Building is very beautiful, behind___ there is an orchard.
A. which B. what C. this D. these
, with help Lily learned to ride a bike, is a kind-hearted boy.
A. whose B. what C. which D. these
1-5 CCCBD 6-10DCDBB 11-12AA
六．The way做先行词的用法：当定语从句不完整的时候（缺主语或宾语）：用
that which来引导，作宾语时可以省略; 当定语从句完整时：可以用that in
which,而且通常可以省略。
e.g. The way (that which) he explained to us was quite simple.
The way (that in which ) he answered the questions was surprising. 他回答这些问
题的方式令人惊奇。
I don’t like the way (that in which) you laugh at her. 我不喜欢你冲她的样
子。
（练习）：The lazy boy is expecting a way ______ he can get through the exams
without hard work.
A. that B. in that C. which D. where
七．关系副词引导定语从句：定语从句中的关系副词有三个：when, where和
why，它们在定语从句中分别作时间、地点和原因状语，可以用介词+ which来
替换。其句法结构如下：
1. 表时间的名词 + when + 定语从句，when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。
e.g. I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing. =I still remember the day
on which I first came to Beijing.
2. 表地点的名词 + where + 定语从句, where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状
语
e.g. The factory where his father works is in the west of the city. = The factory in
which his father works is in the west of the city.

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3. 表原因的名词reason + why + 定语从句(why只用于reason之后的限制性定
语从句中,在定语从句中作原因状语。) why可以用for which来替换。
e.g. That is the reason why I did the job. = That is the reason for which I did the job.
4.关系副词引导定语从句的特殊情况：
①.当先行词为point, situation, position, case, stage, activity时，定语从句如果缺
少状语用 where 引导。
e.g. You reach a point where medicine can’t help.
We have reached a point where a change is needed.
Today, we’ll discuss a number of cases where beginners of English fail to use the
language properly.
He got into a situation where it is hard to decide what is right and wrong.
It’s put me in a position where I can’t afford to take the job.
Cheating is most likely in situations where the vital interests are high and the chances
of getting caught are low. 欺诈行为在这种情况下最有可能发生:利益重大,而且
欺诈行为被发现的可能性小
②. 当先行词为occasion时，定语从句如果缺少状语用 when 引导。
e.g. Occasions are quite rare when I have the time to spend a day with my kids.
3.当先行词为the time, the moment, the day定语从句关系副词when可以用that
来替换，而且可以省略。在“the time when”等结构中的“when”常被“that”代替，
而且“that”往往省略。
e.g. During the time I was there I visited him twice.
This is my second time I have come to your country.
5. 关系代词和关系副词的比较：
引导定语从句的关 系词除了连接先行词和定语从句的作用外，还分别在定语从
句中作成分。具体地说，关系代词在定语从句 中作主语，宾语，表语或定语，
而关系副词在定语从句中作状语。因此在选择关系词的时候，最重要的是 分析
一下定语从句的成分，若从句中却主，宾，表或定，那必须用关系代词；若从
句中缺状语， 那必须用关系副词。
e.g.(1) Do you still remember the days that which we spent in Qingdao?
(2) Do you still remember the days when we spent the summer holidays in
Qingdao?
在句（1）中，定语从句缺宾语，因此用关系代词：that which;在句（2）中，定
语从句缺时间状语，用关系副词：when
(练习)：
1. This is the place_____ John was born?
A．which B．where C. when D．that
2. The film brought the hours back to me_____ I was taken good care of in that far
away village.
A．until B．that C when D where
3. There are times_____ I wonder why I do this job．
A．as B．while C．which D．when
4. I don't like the way_____ you speak to your teacher．
A．／ B．in that C. which D．of which
5. Perhaps this is the only shop_____ you can get such cheap goods.

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A. that B．of which C．by which D．where
6. We’re just trying to reach a point _______ both sides will sit down together and
talk.
A. where B. that C. when D. which
7. Tom took the police to the spot ____ the accident happened．
A．which B．that C．where D．when
8. Mary, would you like to help me to think out a situation _______ these phrases can
be used at
the same time?
A. which B. that C. as D. where
9. He is the only person ____ I want to talk to.
A. that B. which C. who D. whose
10. Is this problem _____the teacher explained last week?
A． the one B．that C．which D．one
11. Is this the problem _____the teacher explained last week?
A． the one B．that C．whose D．one
12. I can still remember the place_____ my brother and I used to sit in the evening.
A．which B．what C .that D．where
13. Do you know the year ______the Chinese Communist Party was founded?
A. which B. that C. when D. on which
14. I can never forget the day _______ we worked together and the day ______ we
spent together.
A. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D. on which; when
1-5BCDAD 6-10ACDAA 11-14BDCA
八．非限制性定语从句只是对先行词起补充说明的作用，缺少它不会对全句的理< br>解，常常用逗号与主句隔开。
1. 限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句的区别
1.限定性定语从句: 从句不能省略,如果省略整个句子意思不完整。
非限定性定语从句: 从句可以省略,如果省略整个句子意思仍然完
整 。
2.限定性定语从句: 先行词可以用that 引导。
非限定性定语从句: 先行词不可以用that 引导。
3.限定性定语从句: 引导词有时可以省略。
非限定性定语从句:引导词不可以省略。
4.限定性定语从句:主句与从句不需要用逗号隔开。
非限定性定语从句:主句与从句需要用逗号隔开。
5.限定性定语从句: 从句只修饰先行词。
非限定性定语从句:从句既可以修饰先行词，也可以修饰整个句子或
句子的一部分。
2. 引导非限制性定语从句的关系词：关系代词：which; who; whom; whose
关系副词： where; when( that, why不可以到非限制性定语从句)(用法不变)
e.g. Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last moth.
He told me a story yesterday, which I think is very interesting.
Tom made a mistake again, which made his mother angry.

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The room, whose roof= the roof of which= of which the roof is being repaired.
3. 介词+关系代词也可以引导非限制性定语从句（表示整体与部分的关系时常
用： some many few a few little much most both neither all+ which whom
来引导非限制性定语从句）
e.g. Jane was her old friend, from whom she borrowed a necklace.
He build a telescope, through which he could study the sky.
You have made many mistakes, most of which were due to your carelessness.
（练习）：
1. The people, ________ had been damaged by the flood, were given help by the Red
Cross.
A. all whose homes B. all of whose homes
C. all their homes D. all of their homes
2. The humans are destroying nature day by day, ________ of course, will cause
severe punishment from it sooner or later.
A. who B. when C. on which D. which
3. I shall never forget the day ________ Shen Zhou V was launched, ________ has a
great effect on my life.
A. when, which B. that, which C. which, that D. when, that
4. October 15 th is my birthday, ________ I will never forget.
A. when B. that C. what D. which
5. Mr. Smith will pay a visit to Beijing this autumn, ________ we will enjoy the
Olympic Games in 2008.
A. where B. when C. which D. how
6. He paid the boy $$10 for washing ten windows, most of _____ hadn’t been cleaned
for at least a year.
A. these B. those C. that D. which
7. He was educated at the local high school, _______ he went on to Beijing

A. after which C. in which D. in that
8. It is reported that two schools, ___________ are being built in my hometown, will
open
A. they both
C. both of them D. both of which
9. They’ve won their last three matches, ________I find a bit surprising
A. that B. when C. what D. which
10. The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of ________ left
their village homes for a better life in the city.
A. whom B. which C. them D. those
1-5BDADA 6-10DADDA
九．As作关系代词引 导定语从句的用法：as既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可
以引导非限制性定语从句，as在定语从句中 做主，宾语，表语。
1. 引导限制性定语从句，常用于以下句式：
Such…+ n. +as像……一样的，像……
The same + n.+ as…和……同样的

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e.g. We have found such materials as are used in their factory.我们已经发现了和他
们工厂所用一样的材料。（as作主语）
These houses are sold at such a low price as people expected.这些房子以人们所
期望的价格被卖了。（as做宾语）
He is not the same man as he was.他不再和以前一样了。（as作表语）
注意：①such…as…引导定语从句与such…that…引导状语从句的区别
e.g. He is such a clever child as everyone likes.(定语从句)他是一个人人都喜欢的聪
明的孩子。（as做宾语）
He is such a clever child that everyone likes him.(状语从句)他是一个如此聪明
的孩子，以至于人人都喜欢他。
②The same…as…引导定语从句与the same… that..引导定语从句的区别，the
same…as.(同样，同一类，不是同一个)，the same…that..(同样，同一个)
e.g. This is the same pen as I lost. 这和我丢的钢笔一样。
This is the same pen that I lost.这就是我丢的钢笔。
2. as引导非限制性定语从句：意为：正如…正像…既可以放在主句之后，也可
以放在主句之前。
as 和which 引导非限制性定语从句时， 其用法有相同之处，也有不同之处。具
体情况是：
①． as 和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或宾语，代表前面整个句子。
He married her, as which was natural. 他跟她结婚了，这是很自然的事。
He is honest, as which we can see. 他很诚实， 这一点我们看得出来。
②. as 引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前、主句之后，甚至还可以分割
主句。 which 引导的非限制性定语从句只可放在主句之后。另外，as 常常有“正
如、正像”的含义。
As is known to all, China is a developing country. 众所周知，中国是发展中国家。
He is from the south, as we can know from his accent. 他是南方人，这一点我们从
他的口音可以知道。
John, as you know, is a famous writer. 正如你所知， 约翰是个著名作家。
Zhang Hua has been to Paris more than ten times, which I don’t believe. 张华已去过
巴黎十多次了，这一点我不相信。
注意：当主句和从句之间存在着逻辑上的因果关系时，关系词往往只用which
Tom was late for school again and again, which made his teacher very angry. 汤姆老
是迟到，这使得老师很恼火。
These tables are made of metal, which made them very heavy. 这些桌子是金属的，
这使得这些桌子很重。
一些由as引导的定语从句常位于句首，已形成了固定的说法。
as is known to all 这是众所周知的
as has been said before 如前所说
as is often the case 情况常常如此
as may be imagined 这可以想象得出
as has been pointed out 正如已经指出的那样
as often happens 这种情况常常发生

（练习）：

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1. These houses are sold at such a low price ________ people expected.
A. like B. as C. that D. which
2. I've seen the same film ________ you saw yesterday.
A. that B. which C. as D. like
3. I'll buy the same coat ________ you wear.
A. that B. which C. as D. like
4. He made another wonderful discovery, ________ of great importance to science.
A. which I think is B. which I think it is
C. which I think it D. I think is
5. ________ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every
month.
A. It B. As C. That D. What
1-5BACAB