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2020-10-21 21:19
tags:定语从句

2320-dove什么意思中文翻译

2020年10月21日发(作者:卫铄)


【定语从句书写规则四】先行词和关系词的关系(超级重要)
在【书写规则一】中,我 提到【定语从句=关系代词that+不完整句子】,其实【书写规则一】只是定语从句
的初步理解,除 了that,还有其它的关系词,具体使用情况见下表
先行词 关系代词 陈述句
人 thatwho 不完整句子
物 thatwhich 不完整句子
先行词 关系副词 陈述句
时间 when 完整句子
地点 where 完整句子
原因(reason) why 完整句子
观察上方表格,发现
关系代词,后方句子一定是____________(A.完整的 B.不完整的)
关系副词,后方句子一定是____________(A.完整的 B.不完整的)

选择正确的关系词填空
1. Sorry ,we don’t have the book___ you need.

2. This is the present ____ grandpa gave me for my birthday.

3. Do you know the girl____ is sitting next to my boyfriend?

4. The novel___ he bought yesterday is very interesting.

5. I’d like to tell you some manners ______ you should know when you visit Thailand.
A. what
6. -What kind of songs do you like?
-I like songs ___ have great lyrics.

7. Do you know the woman ___ runs the hotel ?

8. I don’t like people _____ talk much but do little.

9. The person ____ won the game is Mr. Lee.

10. The reason _____ you haven’t been fired is your father.
e
11. I will never forget the day ____ I met you guys.

12. I went to America in the year _____ Hong Kong was returned to China.

13. Do you know the reason ___ he didn’t come?

14. Carrefour is a supermarket _____ you can buy daily supplies.

15. That is the hotel ____ we stayed last night.
A. that 8


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下面的这段话很重要,请认真阅读
如何判断定语从句中的陈述句是完整的还是不完整的?
首先要知道哪些动词是vi.哪些动词是vt.
一、请准备记住下方4个单词的词性
Visit vt. 参观... 提示:visit后方的宾语是某人或某地 比如visit my friend, visit Canada
Spend vt.花费... 提示:spend后方的宾语是时间或金钱 比如 spend 4 hours, spend 4 dollars
Stay vi....停留
Work vi...工作,...上班
二、缺主语的句子很容易发现,这里不做讲解了
三、请记住下方4条判断句子是否完整的规则
①vt.后没有宾语的,不完整
②介词后没有宾语的,不完整
③tell sb. Sth. , give sb. Sth. 的句型中没有sth.的, 不完整
④vi. 结尾的句子,完整
下列句子中,结构完整的序号为_________
①You visited last year ②My father works ③We spent together in college
④We spent 3 hours together ⑤I stayed ⑥We are looking for
⑦loves you ⑧Tom told me ⑨l live

选择正确的关系词填空(注意查看定语从句中的陈述句是否完整,完整用关系副词,不完整用关系代词)
1. Is this the park __ you visited the other day?
one
2. I’ll never forget the time ___ we spent together in Thailand.

3. I’ll never forget the time ____ we spent 3 days together in Thailand.

4. This is the movie theater ____ we watched Superman the other day.
C.a place
5. The white building in the picture is the museum ___ you saw this morning.

6. I want to live in a room___ is big and bright.

7. I want to live in a room ____ I can see The Great Wall.

8. Is that the company ___ you want to get into?
one
9. It that the company ____ you work ?
A. the one

翻译下列含有定语从句的复合句,并熟练背诵正确答案。

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1. 教我数学的那个老师很严格。

2. 这不是我想要的生活。

3. 这个城市是我和你妈妈相遇的地方。(简单题)

4. 你还记得你来医院看我的那一天吗?(简单题)

5. (到现在)妈妈也没有告诉我她离开爸爸的原因。(简单题)

6. 这是我设计的工厂。(难题)

7. 这是我工作的工厂。(难题)

8. 喜来登是我知道的最好的酒店。

9. 喜来登是我住过的最好的酒店。


定语从句特殊情况一 【使用关系代词whom】和【省略关系代词的情况】
定语从句不缺宾语时

I hate the guy that likes her.

指人的关系代词可以是that, who 中的任何一个
指物的关系代词可以是that,which中的任何一个

定语从句缺宾语时

I hate the guy whom she likes.

指人的关系代词可以是that, who, whom,省略 中的任何一个
指物的关系代词可以是that, which, 省略中的任何一个

1. 定语从句不缺宾语时,指人的关系代词可以是________ _________中的任何一个。
2. 定语从句不缺宾语时,指物的关系代词可以是________ _________中的任何一个。
3. 定语从句缺宾语时,指人的关系代词可以是_______ ________ _______ _______中的任何一个。
4. 定语从句缺宾语时,指物的关系代词可以是_______ ________ _______ 中的任何一个。

1. 定语从句缺宾语时,指人的关系代词可以是_______ ________ _______ _______中的任何一个。
2. 定语从句缺宾语时,指物的关系代词可以是_______ ________ _______ 中的任何一个。
3. 定语从句缺宾语时,指人的关系代词可以是_______ ________ _______ _______中的任何一个。
4. 定语从句缺宾语时,指物的关系代词可以是_______ ________ _______ 中的任何一个。

在横线上填入正确的关系词
1. The girl__________________ he will marry is 11 years older than him.
2. The woman________________________is standing on the stage looks gorgeous.
3. Do you know the guy _______________________sells cigarettes to children ?

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4. The guy ______________________________ we met on the street yesterday is Dr. Lee.
5. I will find the guy __________________________________stole your motorcycle.
6. I know the man ______________________________ they are talking about.
7. He has sold out the bike______________________________he stole last night.
8. You have to pay for the vase___________________________________your son broke.

定语从句特殊情况二 什么时候使用关系词 whose
【重点】当A属于B的一部分时,我们称AB之间存在所属关系。
【定义】当定语从句的主语和先行词之间出现所属关系时,定语从句的关系词要使用whose
在汉语中,将【定语从句+名词】反过来,如果能写为【名词,它的...】那么翻译这个定语从句时就要使用
whose
盖子是红色的那个瓶子→ 那个瓶子,它的是红色的 → the bottle whose cap is read

翻译下列划线定语从句时,需要使用关系语whose的序号为:________
1. 叶子已经枯掉的那棵树
2. 封面是蓝色的书
3. 灯开着的那个房间
4. 我喜欢的那本书
5. 头发很长的那个男生
6. 性格很外向的护士

根据上方的结论,翻译下列含有定语从句的短语,并熟练背诵正确答案
1. 叶子已经枯掉的那棵树

2. 封面是蓝色的书

3. 灯开着的那个房间

4. 头发很长的那个男生

5. 性格很外向的护士(单数)

翻译下列含有定语从句的复合句
1. 你的包在【灯亮着的那个房间里】。(语境:房间里只有一个灯)

2. 【叶子已经枯掉的那棵树】是我女儿种的。

3. 帮我找【一本封面是绿色的书】。

4. 【头发很长的那个男生】看起来像一个艺术家。

5. 他姐姐是一个【性格外向的护士】。


定语从句的特殊情况三 whose sth 的替换
【记忆】在定语从句当中 whose sth.=the sht. Of whichwhom =of whichwhom the sth.

guy whose arms are disabled was a soldier. 句中粗体字部分还可以写为________

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A. the arms of whom whom the arms
2. Your bag is in the room whose light is still on. 句中粗体字部分还可以写为__________
light of which which the light

定语从句特殊情况四 关系代词必须用that的情况
当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时

He is the tallest guy that I know.

关系代词只用that,不用who和which


当先行前被序数词修饰时

You are the second girl that I have dated.

关系代词只用that,不用who和which


当先行词是不定代词的时候 everything ,anything,nothing,all...(不包括something)

Tell me all that you know about him.

关系代词只用that,不用who和which


当先行词被all, every, some, any, no, little, few, much...修饰时

Show me all the photos that you took in Thailand.

关系代词只用that,不用who或which


当先行词被 the last, the very, the only 修饰时, the very+ N.表达强调

This is the very book that I need.

关系代词只用that, 不用who 各which


当先行词中同时包含了人或物时

The boy and the dog that he is drawing are Tony and his dog.

关系代语只用that, 不用who 或 which


当句子中含有特殊疑问词who和which时

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Which is the room that he lives in ?

关系代词只用that,不用who和which

当先行词是主句的表语时

This is the watch that I bought in England.
主 系 表
关系代词只用that, 不用who 或which


当定语从句缺表语时

She isn’t the innocent girl that she used to be.

关系代词只用that, 不用who 和 which



当先行词是way时

I dislike the way that in which she talks to me.

关系词用that或in which 补充:此处的that和in which常被省略


当定语从句修饰there be sth中的sth时

There are two books that I want to read this summer.

关系代词只用that,不用who和which


定语从句特殊情况五 介词提前的情况
【第一步】定语从句的介词后缺宾语时,这个介词也许可以提前到关系词前方(具体情况下方有解释)
下列句子中的定语从句,属于介词后缺宾语的序号为_______________________ _______
1. This is the guy who I used to talk about.
2. The boy who wears glasses likes you.
3. This is the book that I have learned a lot from.
4. The man that she is talking to is her boss.
5. The girl who you are looking for is in Canada.
6. You can list the things that you need.

【第二步】定语从句的介词提前时,关系词代词只能选择whom或which,并且不能省略
将下列定从中的介词提前(注意改变关系词)
1. This is the guy who I used to talk about.


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2. This is the book that I have learned a lot from.

3. The man that she is talking to is her boss.



【第三步】哪些介词能够提前
固定动词短语中的介词一般是不能提前的。
1. look for 寻找...
2. Look after 照顾...
3. Take care of 照顾...
4. Look forward to 期待...
5. Hear from 收到...的来信
6. Hear of 听说...
7. Hear about听说...


1. 【vi.+介词】中的vi.去掉后,如果介词的意思没有发生变化,那么这个介词在定语从句中的可以提前
在talk about 中,about的意思是“关于”
去掉talk后,about的意思仍然是“关于”,所以 talk about中的about可以提前

2. 将【vi+介词】中的vi.去掉后,如果介词的意思发生变化,那么这个介词在这个定语从句中不可以提前
Look for... 寻找...
观察发现,look for去掉look后,for的词义发生了变化,所以look for中的介词在定从中不可以提前

以下动词短语中的介词不能提前:look for, look after,,look forward to , take care of ,hear from 等

1. The magazine___ Barry paid one dollar _____ was very good.
,to ,to which, that, 、
2. He is a man _____ we can learn very much.
whom who whom
3. Tom is the student ___ our teacher got angry.
who whom whom whom
4. The girl ____ you are looking ___ is in Canada.
A. for who, whom, , ,for

非限制性定语从句
一、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的定义
定义:将一个定从删除后,【剩余句子】不能准确表达原句的意思,那么这个定一定不能删除。
【记忆】不能删除的定语从句=限制性定语从句
原句:People who often stay up late are unhealthy.
上方定从是一个限制性定从,因为删除它后得到的句子People are unhealthy. 不能准确表达原
句的意思。
TIPS:限制性定语从句用来定位先行词,它是句子表达完整意 思必不可缺的一部分,如果删掉就会去说话者
想表达的主要意思。
定义:将一个定从删除后,【剩余句子】仍然能够准备表达原句的意思,那么这个定从可以删除。
【记忆】可以删除的定语从句=非限制性定语从句
原句:My best friend, who is a doctor, will visit me next week.

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上方划线定从是一个非限制性定从,因为删掉它后得到的句子My best friend will visit me next week,仍然能
够准备地表达原句的意思。
TIPS:非限制性定语从句用来补充说明先行 词,有锦上添花之意,即使删除也不会失去说话者想要表达的
主要意思。

二、非限制性定语从句的特点
1、如果定语从句是一个非限制性定语从句,要用逗号把它和前方的先行词隔开
2、在非限制性定从中,关系词要用which不用that,用for which不用why
3、在非限制性定从中,关系词统统不能省略
4、在非限制性定从中,不能用who代替whom
练习题:
1、,_____ came o the office this morning,is an important client.

2、Mr. Black,______ you hung out with this morning, is an important client.

3、The bag,_____ you bought in Paris, is fake.
A. that

三、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的翻译区别
【定义】限定性定语从句翻译在它所修饰的先行词之前
People who often stay up late are unhealthy.
翻译:经常熬夜的人不健康。
【定义】非限定性定语从句翻译在它所修饰的名词后方并且单独翻译为一句。
My best friend, who is a doctor will visit me next week.
翻译:我最好的朋友,他是一名医生,他下周来看我。
I have invited my English teacher, who lives upstairs .

四、非限制性定语从句修饰一个句子或句子中的某个部分
记忆:用逗号隔开,然后写在一个句子后方的定从是非限制性定从,它修饰前方或句子的一部分
1、He drinks a lot of beer, which is bad for his health.
【对他健康不好】指【喝很多啤酒】这个行为,所以非限制性定从修饰动词短语drinks a lot of beer.
2、His son died in a car accident, which mad him sad .
【使他伤心】指【他儿子去世】这件事,所以非限制性定从修饰前方整个句子
3、He is always patient to his students, which Mr. Han is not.
【which Mr. Han is not】指【 is not patient】,所以非限制性定从修饰前方的形容词patient
小贴士:限制性定语从句只能修饰名词
4、He said that he had finished his homework, which was not real.
【which was not real】指【他完成作业】不是真的,所以非限制性定从修饰前方句子中的宾语从句
小贴士:就算不 能区分【非限制性定从】修饰的是【前方整个句子】还是【句子中的某个部分】也没有关
系,因为并不会 影响使用这个知识点造句。

理解并背诵下弄含有定语从句的复合句(朝着语感)
Don’t hold onto anything that doesn’t bring you joy.
My boss is looking for an assistant who speaks good English.
My boss is looking for an assistant whose English is good.
The vinegar is in the bottle which has the longest neck.
The vinegar is in the bottle whose neck is the longest.
I love the Thai restaurant where we had a meal last week.

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I love the Thai restaurant that you recommended me.
He found that his wife had cheated on him, which pissed him off.

9

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