英语48个国际音标表

英语国际音标概说及练习

一.英语国际音标
英语国际音标表（48个）
1.元音（20个）

长元音 i:?:?:u:ɑ:
短元音 i ? ? u ? e ?
双元音 ei ai ?i i? e? ?? ?? a?

2.辅音（28个）

清辅音 p t k f θ s ? ts t? tr h
浊辅音 b d g v ? z ? dz d? dr r
鼻 音 m n ?
半元音 j w
边 音 ?

二.英语语音初步
1.概说：英语国际音标共48个，其中20个元音，28个辅音（11< br>个清辅音，17个浊辅音，其中3个鼻音，2个半元音，3个似拼
音，1个边音）

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2.元音
12个单元音:
5个长元音: i:?:?:u:ɑ:
7个短元音: i ? ? u ? e ?
8个双元音: ei ai ?i i? e? ?? ?? a?
3.辅音：
清辅音和浊辅音：
清辅音：p t k f θ s ? ts t? tr h
浊辅音：b d g v ? z ? dz d? dr
3个鼻音：m n ?
3个似拼音：h r l
2个半元音：j w
1个边音：l
4.巧记48个国际音标
单元音共十二，四二六前中后。
双元音也好背，合口集中八个整。

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辅音共计二十八，八对一清又七浊，
四个连对也包括。有气无声清辅音，
有声无气浊辅音，发音特点应掌握。
5.关于语音的几个概念:
a. AHD表示美语发音，为The American Heritage Dictionary of
the English Language（简称AHD）标音所用。
b. KK音标是一套用于标注美式发音的符号系统, 这是一套最常
用的也是最权威的注音法，从此人们把美语标准发音惯称为KK
音标。
c. DJ是根据英国学者Daniel Jones编的英语发音字典
(English Pronouncing Dictionary, 1963)中的标音而来.
d.英式读音根据的是English Pronouncing Dictionary 《英语
正音辞典》。它们代表了被称为“Received Pronunciation ”(简
称RP〔标准读音〕)的读音，这在受过教育的英国人尤其是南部
英格兰人中通用。
1888年国际语音协会 (International Phonetic Association)
的语言学家便制定出一套可国际通用的语音符号叫国际音标符
号 (IPA─International Phonetic Alphabet)，希望以一个符
号代表一音，并避免各人使用一套自己的符号所产生的不便。
e.音素: 音的最小单位,英语中有48个音素。

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f.音节: 由元音和辅音构成的发音单位。
g.元音: 发音响亮,是乐音,口腔中气流不受阻碍,是音节的主要
组成部分。英语中有20个元音。
h.辅音: 发音不响亮,是噪音,口腔中气流受到阻碍,不是音节的
重要组成部分,英语中有28个辅音。
i.开音节:
1)辅音+不发音e 如:kite cake name bike make take home plane
shine
2)辅音+元音 如:he hi go no do be tree three hello
j.闭音节:
1)辅音+元音+辅音 :sit bed bad bag hot hop let mad map head
2)元音+辅音 如: it is of in on up out ant
A chicken is in the kitchen. A horse is in the house.
A mouse is in the cat’s mouth.
A sheep eats some beef and drinks some green tea.
三.

英语国际音标练习

1. 元音
1) i: 字母组合:ee ea e ie
three tree green sheep meet beef see seek

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eat tea meat leave lead teacher team mean speak clean
piece receive ceiling
2) i发音字母 i y e
sit picture it is list six mix fix fit pig big build miss
myth many twenty happy dictionary
defect decide delicious
3) ? 发音字母 a
bag hand and ant happy hat map mad bad black back glad flag
shall man
4) e 字母组合 ea e a
head bread pleasure
elephant electric remember sell shell lesson better bed
desk hotel yes many any
5) ?:字母组合ir ur ear er or
girl shirt skirt thirty thirteen third bird
turn burn murder nurse turtle Thursday burger
learn earn earth heard
term her nerd serve
work worm work world
6) ? 字母组合 er or ou ar o a e u
teacher leader remember player speaker farmer powder
doctor actor mayor author tractor

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delicious gracious pleasure
familiar collar dollar
together tomorrow today shallop lesson Washington control
around account ago elephant manta banana Canada Japan china
men listen
famulus Saturday
7) ɑ: 字母组合 ar a
car farm card arm garden
fast class last glass plant aunt calm
8) ? 发音字母 u o ou oo
up supper lunch fun gun hunt cup bus
come mother dose brother love above
trouble rough flourish
blood flood
9) ?: 字母组合 al or au our ar
small wall talk tall hall ball call walk
short more lord horse for forty sport door floor store
author caught autumn
four mourn court bought
warm quarrel quarter
10) ? 发音字母 o a

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hot lost lot fox box mop hop loss collar not
want wash watch
11) u: 字母组合 oo o u
food moon room gloom broom doom goose tooth
shoe do two
true truth blue full prude
12) ? 字母组合 oo ou u o
look good foot book wood
should could
put full bull pull push
woman wolf
13) ei 发音字母 a ay ea ai ey
name cake late gate plane April
play say may way
great break
rain paint plain
they grey
14) ai 发音字母 i y
bike fine find die nine light night high
my try fly eye
15) a? 字母组合 ou ow
house out flour ground account count sound loud around

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mouse
flower down now cow how town
16) ?? 发音字母 o ow oa
home cold go no phone host ghost
know low below grow blow show flow
boat coat goal
17) ?i字母组合oy oi
boy toy joy
oil soil voice choice
18) i?字母组合 eer ear
beer deer
ear near
here fierce idea
19) e? 字母组合ear air ere
pear bear
chair air fair
there where
care
20) a? ?? 字母组合our ower
hour tour
flower shower

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2. 容易混淆的元音
?e
bad bed hand head man men land lend pan pen sad said
i:ei
real rail greet great mean main read raid
ea?
bet bite red write said side head hide
a??:
house horse loud lord south sauce cloud clause now nor count
a? ?
found fond down done gown gone town ton
? ?
fan fun san son tan ton
3.辅音
1) p pen pear play pig pour pull push
2) b book big boot bike bread break
3) t tree two ten ton town twenty city
4) d door dull desk dose do dog dictionary
5) k king kite key look cook book kitchen sky card cat
cream correct climb come account accept
fox box oxygen x-ray
school schedule schema

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6) g girl good goal goat grade long language
7) m man make moon morning move come comb
8) n pen ten nine fine night noon moon clean
9) ? uncle bank English think thank junk sing king morning
10) ?long land lend lord fly flag black
world cold could goal soul
11) r read red right run room write
12) f five fly fine flag frog fog roof knife life wife
cough laugh rough physic photo phone
13) v [v] very evening even every voice vest of
14) s six sit student same seat kiss miss case scarf
license city cease cedar ceiling celebrate
piece juice science lance space ace
15) zzoo zebra zero zap
close nose hose suppose pause those whose
16)w think thank three thirty tooth mouth
17)? that this those these though
18) ? sheep shoulder ship shoe she brush wash
nation attention station
social special
sure
19) ? pleasure

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20) h hot hop home house horse how who
21) wwhen what where window wind wood
22) jyes year yell you your yolk yellow
23) t? child chicken china chair lunch ouch catch teach
24) dzage language cabbage vegetable stage bridge
joy enjoy join July June junk
25) tr tree country try treat track trunk
26) drdry dream drop drive drink
27) ts students boots boats goats nuts
28) dzgoods woods moods hoods
4．容易混淆的辅音
vw
vest west vet wet vine wine very well
s θ
sink think mass math miss myth sort sought
z ?
close cloth breeze breathe
n?
thin thing sin sing ran rang ban bang win wing
5.字母，组合音节发音规律
1）a ei??ɑ:?
late private grade bake grape nation station page

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active hand bank fan parent family glad flag
accept about above formative machine cinema
fast last glass class past father
wash what watch want
2）e i: e ? 不发音
appreciate extremely secret she me he
letter left message generate pebble
decide pretty previous result restore
problem prosperous student confident
active table late wife store lecture
3）iaii
high price library ice cream wife size line
fist pick chicken piano fiancé city unit
4）o ??u:? ? ?
lode host cold note okay old home
lose do who whose prove
love some other mother honey company
today tomorrow together control collect
lost hot mock office soft honest
5）u ju:juu??
university refuse unique universe huge
put push pull full bull

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but brush bucket duck bubble
support suggest
6）c k s
country camp camera courage cable
city ceiling celebrate cell cease
7）g gd??
girl grade glass glade bag flag
village vegetable bridge gentleman gym
long song sing morning evening
8) l l读音不同
listen learn language collect English gorilla
world cold soil tall sell cool animal
9) n n ?
moon night noodle number
uncle hungry angry young
10) r r
right read write grade progress
card board door floor form north
11）y jai
yellow year yell young yolk
university country pretty happy
dyke dying fly buy by my

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12）ar ɑ: ?: ?
farm card garde mark
dollar
warm quarrel quarter
13) ea i:eeii
cease season breathe feature meat please
bread breast breath meadow weather
great break
idea realize
14) ear ?: i?
learn earth earn heard
hear near clear ear fear
15) er?: ? i?
deserve serve her person
teacher driver anger singer
serious experience mysterious fierce
16） ere i?e?
here mere fere sere
there
17) ir ?: a?
shirt girl skirt
admire desire

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18) oo u:u??:
room tool cool moon noon goof food
good foot stood wood wool cook wood book
blood flood
door floor
19) or ?: ?: u?
short form corn born for
work world worm word worst
tractor doctor actor sector senior senator
20) oor ?: u?
door floor
moor poor boor
21) our a???:
hour tour flour bourn lour
pour court four mourn
22) ou a???
house mouth mouse sound found
enough trouble touch
delicious gracious prosperous
23) ow ??a?
window meadow know show low
now town how down cow

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24) se z s
nose suppose gose lose pose rose
mouse house
25) th θ?
thank think thought cloth
clothes that this then than
26) sion ??n??n
propulsion tension progression passion
protrusion provision conclusion television
27) tion ??nt??n
station nation translation attention
question

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