定语从句(Ⅲ)——限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句

1、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别

(1)、限制性定语从句的主 句和从句之间不用逗号隔开,是先行词意义上不可缺少的宾语,如
果删去则意思表达不完整;非限制性定 语从句用逗号与主句隔开只是对先行词起补充说明
的作用,如果删去,主句仍能表达完整。

例 His father is not a man who speaks ill of others behind their backs.

他父亲不是一个在别人后说坏话的人。(限制性定语从句)

His father , who never speaks ill of others , is popular with his colleagues.

他的父亲在同事中很受欢迎,他他从不说别人的坏话。(非限制性定语从句)

(2)、限制性定语从句可用that引导;非限制性定语从句不可用that。

例 Do you still remember the teacher that taught us maths in high school?

你还记得高中教我们数学的那位老师吗?

例 We walked down the village street . that was built by local peasants. (错误)

We walked downthe village street,which was built by local peasants.(正确)

我们沿着村子的街道走着，这些街道是当地村民修建的。

(3)、限制性定语从句的 先行词是单个的名词或代词;而非限制性定语从句的先行词除单个
的名词或代词外,还可以是整个句子。

例 The hotle(先行词) which they are staying at present is very expensive.

他们目前住的酒店非常昂贵。

例 They are coming back to us,which means that they have been refused
elsewhere.(先行词是整个句子)

他们要回到我们这儿来，这意味着他们在别处遭到了拒绝。

2、as和which引导定语从句的区别

which引导定语从句的区列

(1)先行词不同:as的先行词是整个句子; which的先行词可以是整个句子,也可以是句中的
一部分。

2)引导定语从句的位置不同:as引导的定语从句位置不受限制; which引导的定语从句只位
于主句之后。

(3)意义不同:as意为“正如;正像”;而 which意为“这;这一点”。

例 As is known tous,Ebola is a deadly disease.

众所周知，埃博拉是一种致命的疾病。

例 Green piants produced oxygen,which made land animals appear.

绿色植物释放出氧气来，使陆地动物出现。