元音音素和辅音音素2

元音音素和辅音音素：
单元音（12个）：
长元音：[i:][ɑ:][?:][u:][?:]
短元音：[?][e][?][^][?][?][?]
双元音（8个）：[a?][e?][??][??][??][a?][e?][??]
清辅音（11个）：[p][t][k][f][s][θ][?][ts][t?][tr][h]
浊辅音（15个）：[b][d][g][v][z][?][?][dz][d?][dr][l][ r][m][n][?]
半元音（2个）：[w][j]
国际音标和英语字母在书写方面的联系
—从音标到字母和字母组合
单元音：
[i:]: ⑴ e: he she me we
⑵ ea: tea eat meat
⑶ ee: see tree see
⑷ ei: receive
⑸ ey: key
⑹ i: police policeman policewoman machine
⑺ eo: people
⑻ ie: piece field believe thief
[?]: ⑴ a: orange cabbage
⑵ ay: Sunday holiday
⑶ e: begin English pretty cinema

⑷ ey: monkey
⑸ i: it is in big
⑹ y: city very sorry
⑺ u: busy
⑻ ui: build building
⑼ ai: captain
[e]: ⑴ a: any many anyone
⑵ ai: said
⑶ ay: says
⑷ e: pen bed yes egg desk
⑸ ea: bread head breakfast
⑹ u: bury
[?]: a: bag am and at sad
[ɑ:]: ⑴ a: class banana father after
⑵ al: half palm
⑶ ar: car far park arm star
⑷ au: aunt laugh
⑸ ear: heart
[^]: ⑴ o: come none love other
⑵ oo: blood flood
⑶ ou: touch country enough young
⑷ u: bus sun but cut up us

[?:]: ⑴ ear: learn earth early heard
⑵ er: her term
⑶ ir: first girl bird skirt sir third
⑷ or: work word world
⑸ ur: nurse turn hurt Thursday
⑹ yr: myrtle
⑺ our: journalist journal
[?]: ⑴ a:along about banana Canana China
⑵ e:student open children different
⑶ i:holiday April
⑷ o:today welcome police
⑸ u:minus autumn
⑹ er:father mother brother sister
⑺ or:doctor forget mirror
⑻ ar:sugar
⑼ re:metre tired fire
⑽ ou:delicious previous
⑾ ur:surprise Saturday
⑿ our:colour
⒀ ure:picture pleasure
⒁ oar:cupboard
⒂ yr:martyr satyr

[u:]: ⑴ ew: flew grew review Jew
⑵ o: do to who
⑶ oo: too zoo food pool boot school
⑷ ou: soup group through
⑸ u: blue glue June
⑹ ui: fruit juice
⑺ oe: shoe
[u]: ⑴ o: woman wolf
⑵ oo: book look good foot
⑶ oul: could would should
⑷ u: put sugar full push

[?]: ⑴([w])a: want wash watch what
⑵o: hot on not sorry
⑶ou: cough
⑷au: Australia
[?:]: ⑴(w)a: water
⑵al: all ball call fall hall mall small talk tall wall
⑶([w])ar: warm quarter
⑷au: August autumn daughter
⑸aw: draw saw law
⑹oor: door floor

⑺ore: more before
⑻or: or for short sport
⑼ou: bought brought thought
⑽our: four your
⑾awe: awe awed aweless
⑿oar: board blackboard cardboard
⒀o: story
双元音：
[a?]: ⑴i: time like nice fine five
⑵y: my by why
⑶i(g): sign high light right
⑷ie: die lie tie
[e?]: ⑴a:name cake game face
⑵ai:rain train wait
⑶ay: day may okay play today
⑷ei: veil vein
⑸ei(gh): eight eighteen eighty
⑹ey: they
⑺ea: great break
[??]: ⑴e: zero cereal serious
⑵ea: real really idea cereal
⑶ere: here

⑷ear:ear dear hear near clear
⑸eer: beer deer pioneer
[??]: ⑴o: go no nose home
⑵ow: show know yellow window
⑶oa: goat boat
⑷ou: shoulder though
⑸oe: woe
[??]: ⑴ure:sure
⑵oor:poor
⑶our:tour
[a?]: ⑴ ou: out about house blouse
⑵ ow: how now cow
[e?]: ⑴ air: air hair chair
⑵ are: care hare parent
⑶ ear: pear wear bear
⑷ere: there where
⑸eir: their theirs
⑹a: Mary
[??]: ⑴ oi: oil toilet boil soil
⑵ oy: boy toy employee
辅音：
清辅成对辅音：

[p]-[b] [t]-[d] [k]-[g] [f]-[v] [s]-[z] [θ]-[?] [?]-[ ?] [ts]-[
dz] [t?]-[ d?] [tr]-[dr]
清音浊化：清辅音[p] [t] [k] [tr]等在[s]后重读时由送气音变为
不送气音，即发其浊辅音[b] [d] [g] [dr] ，但音标仍写成清辅
音。如：sport[sp?:t]，student[‘stju:d?nt]， sky[ska?],
street[stri:t]。
但弱读时[s]后的清辅音仍读清 辅音，不读相对的浊辅音。如：
hostess[‘h??st?s]。
[p]:⑴p:pen map help cheap pencil paper
⑵pp:apple happy appear
[b]:⑴b:bag by bed boy bus blue
⑵bb:rabbit cabbage
[t]:⑴t:ten time not get table
⑵tt:bottle bottom little pretty
⑶ed:watched washed cooked helped danced
[d]:⑴d:desk door day dog
⑵dd:add daddy middle
⑶ed:played cleaned climbed answered arrived aired boiled
emptied enjoyed cried
[k]:⑴c:cat come cut clock cry picture bloc
⑵cc: occasion according occupy acclaim
⑶ch:school Christmas chemistry technique technology stomach

⑷k:book bike cake kite Kate look
⑸ck:black duck clock jacket cock
⑹q:Iraq coq
⑺que:unique technique
[g]:⑴g:go girl big get
⑵gg:egg bigger biggest
⑶gu:guess
⑷gue:dialogue
⑸gh:ghyll ghost
[f]:⑴f:five fish fine family fifteen
⑵ph:photo phone elephant photograph
⑶gh:laugh enough
⑷ff:off coffee
[v]:⑴v:very five have
⑵f:of
[s]:⑴c:nice city cycle
⑵s:sit six some bus use us desk books
⑶ss:miss class glass grass
⑷sc:science scene
⑸ps:psalm psywar
[z]:⑴s:is his please music lose husband apples
⑵es:leaves thieves knives wives

⑶z:zoo zero
⑷zz:buzz
[θ]:th:three thank month thin
[?]:⑴th:this the with than
⑵the:breathe soythe
[?]:⑴sh:she shoe short shop wash
⑵s:sure Asia
⑶c: special sufficient delicious
⑷t:station national patient
⑸ss:Russia profession
⑹ch:machine
[?]:⑴s:usually television pleasure
⑵z:seizure
⑶ge:garage
[ts]:⑴ts:shirts hurts coats costs goats
⑵t’s:Let’s
⑶tes:kites gates dates
⑷zz:pizza
[dz]:⑴ds:beds birds hands friends
⑵des:decides
[t?]:⑴ch:chair much lunch China
⑵tch:watch

⑶t: picture question
[d?]:⑴g(e):age page huge orange
⑵g:gentle gentleman general
⑶dge:bridge porridge judge
⑷j:jump jacket just June Jim
⑸ch:sandwich
[tr]:tr:tree trip try true truth
[dr]:dr:dress drive hundred children
单个辅音：
[h]:⑴h:he her have hand head hair
⑵(w)h:who whom whose
[l]:⑴l:let look please lake people
⑵ll:tell full till bell
⑶(t)l(e):whistle
[r]:⑴r:red right three
⑵rr:sorry worry hurry carry carrot
⑶(w)r:write wrong
[m]:⑴m:man meat meet time
⑵mm:common communicate
⑶m(b):climb lamb
⑷m(n):autumn
[n]:⑴n:name nice nine near under

⑵(k)n:know knife
⑶nn:Ann
⑷(m)n:mnemonics
[?]:⑴ng:sing long young morning
⑵n(k):thank think ink pink
⑶n(g):English
[w]:⑴w:we window work walk
⑵w(h):what why where white
[j]:⑴y:yes you year yellow
⑵j:Jensen ja hallelujah jaap
⑶i:onion review million billion brilliant behaviour
⑷e:Europe
国际音标和英语字母在读音方面的联系
—从字母和字母组合到音标
Ⅰ.元音字母a及a+其他字母的读音
a在重读开音节中读[e?]：name cake game
face a在重读闭音节中读[?]：bag am and at
sad a在辅音字母s,th,f,n,ph前读[ɑ:]：class
fast grasp ask father after dance graph
a在[w]后读[?]或[?:]：want what water[w?:t?]
a在ny前读[e]：any many
a弱读时读[?]：along about banana Canana China

a在非重读音节中读[?]：orange cabbage
a读[e?]：Mary
ai读[e?]：rain train wait
ai读[?]：captain
ai读[e]：said
ay读[e?]：day may okay play today
ay弱读读[?]：Sunday holiday
ay读[e]：says
air读[e?]：air hair chair
al在多数辅音字母前读[?:]（f,m除外）：all ball call fall hall
mall small talk tall wall
al还读[?:l]（特别当后面不是k,f,m时）：also salt
al在辅音字母f,m前读[ɑ:]：half palm
ar在重读音节中读[ɑ:]：:car far park arm star
ar在[w]后读[?:]：warm quarter
ar弱读读[?]：sugar
are读[e?]：care hare parent
ass在重读音节中读[ɑ:s]：class glass grass pass
au在重读音节中读[?:]：August autumn daughter
au读[?]：Australia
au还读作[ɑ:]：aunt laugh
aw在重读音节中读[?:]：draw saw law

awe读[?:]：awe awed aweless
Ⅱ. 元音字母e及e+其他字母的读音
e在重读开音节中读[i:]：he she me we
e在重读闭音节中读[e]：pen bed yes egg desk
e在非重读音节中读[?]：begin English pretty cinema
e弱读读[?]：student open children different
e读[??]：zero cereal serious
e读[j]：Europe
ea在重读音节中读[i:]：tea eat meat
ea读[e]：bread head breakfast
ea读[e?]：great break
ea读[??]：real really idea cereal
ear读[?:]：learn earth early heard
ear读[e?]：pear wear bear
ear读[??]：ear dear hear near clear
ear读[ɑ:]：heart
ed在大部分清辅音后读[t]（[t]除外）：watched washed cooked
helped danced
ed在元音和浊辅音后读[d]([d]除外)：played cleaned climbed
answered arrived aired boiled emptied enjoyed cried
ed在[t][d]后读[?d]：wanted needed
ee在重读音节中读[i:]：see tree see

eer读[??]：beer deer pioneer
ei读[i:]：receive
ei读[e?]：veil vein
ei在gh前读[e?]：eight eighteen eighty
eir读[e?]：their theirs
eo读[i:]：people
er在重读闭音节中读[?:]：her term
er在非重读音节中读[?]：father mother brother sister
ere读[??]：here
ere读[e?]：there where
es在浊辅音（[?][?][ d?]除外）及元音后，es发[z]：leaves thieves
knives wives
potatoes tomatoes heroes Negroes goes does families stories
es在[s][z][?][?][t?][d?]后读[?z]：buses blouses dishes garages
watches
oranges
ew读[ju:]：new newspaper review
ew在l,r,j后读[u:]：flew grew Jew
ex读[eks]：exercise exit
ex读[?ks]：excle expensive extinct
ex读[?gz]：exam examination exactly
ey读[i:]：key

ey读[?]：monkey valley
ey读[e?]：they
Ⅲ. 元音字母i及i+其他字母的读音
i在重读开音节中读[a?]：time like rice
i在重读闭音节中读[?]：big six sit
i读[i:]：police policeman policewoman machine
i弱读读[?]：holiday April
i在非重读音节中读[?]：taxi
i读[j]：onion review million billion brilliant behaviour
i在元音字母a,e,o前读[a?]：dialogue quiet pioneer
i在g前读[a?]：sign high light right
i在nd前读[a?]：find behind
i在ld前读[a?]：child
i在re前读[a?]：fire tired retire ie
重读音节中辅音字母前读[i:]：piece field believe thief
ie在重读音节词词尾读[a?]：lie die
ir在重读音节中读[?:]：bird girl first
Ⅳ.元音字母o及o+其他字母的读音
o在重读开音节中读[??]：go no nose home
o在辅音字母st,ld前读[??]：post old
o在重读闭音节中读[?]：hot on not sorry
o读[?:]：story
在

o在辅音字母m,n,v和th前读[^]：come none love other
o读[u:]：do to who
o在w后读[?]：woman wolf
o在非重读音节中读[?]：today policeman
oa在重读音节中读[??]：boat coat
oar读[?:]：board blackboard cardboard
oar读[?]：cupboard
oe读[??]：woe
oe读[u:]：shoe
oi读[??]：oil toilet boil soil
oo一般读[u:]：too zoo food pool boot school
oo在d,k和少数t前读[?]：book look good foot
oo读[^]：blood flood
oor读[?:]：door floor
oor读[??]：poor
or在重读音节中读[?:]：or for short sport
or在[w]后读[?:]：work word world
or读[?]：doctor forget mirror
ore读[?:]：more before
ou在多数情况下读[a?]：out about house blouse
ou在ght前读[?:]：bought brought thought
ou读[^]：touch country enough young

ou读[u:]：soup group through
ou读[??]：shoulder though
ou读[?]：cough
ou读[?]：delicious previous
oul读[?]：could would should
our读[?:]：four your
our读[?:]：journalist journal
our读[?]：colour
our读[??]：tour
our读[a??]：our hour
ow读[a?]：how now cow
ow读[??]：show know yellow window
owe或ower读[a??]：towel flower
oy读[??]：boy toy employee
Ⅴ. 元音字母u及u+其他字母的读音
u在重读开音节中读[ju:]：student Tuesday
u在重读闭音节中读[^]：bus sun but cut up us
u处于开音节位置，又在辅音字母j,l,r,s后读[u:]：June fluency
February Sue
u在重读闭音节中还读[?]：put sugar full push
u在非重读音节中读[?]：minus autumn
u读[?]：busy minute

u读[e]：bury
ui读[ju:]或[j??,ju: ?]：suit suicide
l,r,j+ui时，ui读作[u:]或[??,u: ?]：sluise fruit juice fluid ruin
ui读[?]：build building
ur在重读音节中读[?:]：nurse turn hurt Thursday
ur读[?]：surprise Saturday
ure读[??]：sure
ure在非重读音节中读[?]：picture pleasure
ure在重读音节中读[j??]：cure
Ⅵ.21个辅音字母及辅音字母组合的读音
b读[b]：bag by bed boy bus blue
bt,mb在词尾时，b不发音：debt climb comb
bb读[b]：rabbit cabbage
c在字母e,i,y前读[s]：nice city cycle
c在字母a,o,u,l,r,t前或在音节末尾读[k]：cat come cut clock
cry picture bloc
c+ia,ie,io时，c读[?]：special sufficient delicious
cc+a,o,u或l时，cc读[k]：occasion according occupy acclaim
cc+e,i时，cc读[ks]：accept accident
ch读[t?]：chair much lunch China
ch读[k]：school Christmas chemistry technique technology
stomach

ch读[?]：machine
ch读[d?]：sandwich
ck读[k]：black duck clock jacket cock
d读[d]：desk door day dog
dd读[d]：add daddy middle
dge读[d?]：bridge porridge judge
dr读[dr]：dress drive hundred children
ds读[dz]：beds birds hands friends
des读[dz]：decides
f读[f]：five fish fine family fifteen
f读[v]：of
ff读[f]：off coffee
ften读[f?n]：often
g读[g]：go girl big get
g在e前读[d?]：age page huge orange
g读[d?]：gentle gentleman general
gg读[g]：egg bigger biggest
ge读[?]：garage
gh在i,ei,ai,ou,au后不发音：right eight straight bought daughter
gh读[f]：laugh enough
gh在词首时，读[g]：ghyll ghost
gn,gm在词尾时，g常无声：sign phlegm

gu在词首读[g]：guess
gu在词中读[gw]：language
gue在词尾读[g]：dialogue
h读[h]：he her have hand head hair
h不发音：hour
wh读[w]：what why where white
wh在o前读[h]：who whom whose
gh在词首时，h不发音：ghyll ghost
j读[d?]：jump jacket just June Jim
j读[j]：Jensen ja hallelujah jaap
k读[k]：book bike cake kite Kate look
kn在词首时，k不发音：know knife
l读[l]：let look please lake people
ll读[l]：tell full till bell
m读[m]：man meat meet time
mb在词尾时，读[m]，b常无声：climb comb
mm读[m]：common
读[n]：mnemonics
mn在词中时，读[mn]：columnist
mn在词尾时，n常无声：autumn column
n读[n]：name nice nine near under
n在[k][g]前读[?]：pink English
mn在词首

n在k后读[n]：know knife
n在m后读[n]：mnemonics
nn读[n]：Ann
ng在词尾读[?]：sing long young morning
ng在词中读[?g]：English finger
nk读[?k]：thank think ink pink
p读[p]：pen map help cheap pencil paper
pp读[p]：apple happy appear
ph读[f]：photo phone elephant photograph
ps在词首时，p常不发音：psalm psywar
q读[k]：Iraq coq
qu在词首读[kw]：queen quick
que在词尾读[k]：unique technique
r读[r]：red right three
rr读[r]：sorry worry hurry carry carrot
wr读[r]：write wrong
s在词首读[s]：sit six some
s在清辅音后读[s]：books likes
s在浊辅音和元音后读[z]：apples windows
s读[z]（尤其是在两个元音字母之间）：his is please music
元音字母+s+无音e：①n.,adj.读[s]：base use
②v.读[z]：lose use

词中的s,其后跟清辅音字母时，s读[s],其 后跟浊辅音字母时，
s读[z]：desk husband
s读[?]：sure Asia
s读[?]：usually television pleasure
sion读[??n]：television decision
sten读[s?n]：listen
stle读[stl]：whistle
sure读[??]：pleasure
sc+i,e,y读[s]：science scene scythe
sc+a,o,u读[sk]：scarf score scud
ss读[s]：miss class glass grass
ss读[?]：Russia profession
ssion读[??n]：expression
sh读[?]：she shoe short shop wash
t读[t]：ten time not get table
t读[t?]:picture question
tch读[t?]:watch
t+ia,ie时，t读[?]：martial patient
sten,ften,stle中，t无声：listen often whistle
tes读[ts]：kites gates dates
tt读[t]：bottle bottom little pretty
tion读[??n]：station national patient

[s]+tion时读[t??n]：question
th读[θ]：three thank month thin
th在pron.,art.,prep.,conj.中读[?]：this the with than
词尾the读[?]：breathe soythe
词尾ther读[??]：father mother brother sister
tr读[tr]：tree trip try true truth
ts读[ts]：shirts hurts coats costs goats
t’s读[ts]：Let’s
ture读[t??]：picture
five have
w读[w]：we window work walk
w不发音：two
wh读[w]：what why where white
wh在o前读[h]：who whom whose
wr在词首读[r]，w无声：write wrong
x读[ks]：box six excuse next
x读[gz]：exam exact example
y在重读开音节中读[a?]：my by why
y在重读闭音节中读[?]：city very sorry
y在词首读[j]：yes you year yellow
yr读[?:]：myrtle
yr读[a??]：martyr satyr
读[v]：very v

yre读[?]：tyre byre
z读[z]：zoo zero
z读[?]：seizure
zz读[z]：buzz
zz读[ts]：pizza